LE 4

60問 • 2年前

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are the primary source of information for various aspects of land-use planning, including the siting of buildings and transportation systems.

Geologic Maps

represent the distribution of different types of rock and surficial deposits, as well as locations of geologic structures such as faults and folds.

Geologic Maps

MAJOR TYPES OF GEOLOGICAL MAPS

Topographical, Cross Sectional, Structural

map where locations of equal elevation are connected by lines called contour lines. It represents the three-dimensional lay of the terrain, but on a two-dimensional surface.

Topographical Map

a map that shows the cross-section from the side.

Cross Sectional Map

a map that shows the geologic features of an area, including features such as the type of rocks and geologic structures which includes folds, faults and joints.

Structural Map

is a planar fracture or discontinuity in a volume of rock across which there has been significant displacement as a result of rock-mass movements.

Fault

Types of Fault

Reverse, Normal, Strike-Slip

stack of originally planar surfaces, such as sedimentary strata, that are bent or curved during permanent deformation.

Folds

Types of Folds

Anticlines, Synclines, Monoclines

a break of natural origin in a layer or body of rock that lacks visible or measurable movement parallel to the surface of the fracture. It can occur singly; they most frequently appear as joint sets and systems.

Joints

Types of joints

Nonsystematic, Systematic, Columnar

is an aggregate of mineral properties. To determine the rock’s performance under specific conditions, geologists must look and test its:

Rock Materials

2 properties of rock Material

Physical, Mechanical

MAY BE KNOWN AS INDEX PROPERTIES, WHICH DESCRIBE THE ROCK MATERIAL AND HELPS IN CLASSIFYING THEM.

Physical Properties

THIS IS THE INTRINSIC PROPERTY CONTROLLING THE STRENGTH OF THE ROCK. ALTHOUGH THERE EXIST MORE THAN 2000 KINDS OF KNOWN MINERALS, ONLY ABOUT NINE OF THEM PARTAKE DECISIVELY IN FORMING THE COMPOSITION OF ROCKS. THESE INCLUDES (1) QUARTZ, (2) FELDSPAR, (3) MICA, (4) AMPHIBOLE, (5) PYROXENE,(6) OLIVINE, (7) CALCITE, (8) KAOLIN AND, (9) DOLOMITE

Mineralogic Composition, Structure, And Texture

RATIO OF THE DENSITY OF SOLIDS TO THE DENSITY OF WATER. BASED ON ITS VALUE, THE OBJECT COULD EITHER FLOAT OR SINK IN THE REFERENCE SUBSTANCE

Specific Gravity

DESCRIBES AND RELATES SIZE (VOLUME), AMOUNT (MASS), CONCENTRATION (DENSITY), AND FORCE (WEIGHT), AS WELL AS SPECIFIC GRAVITY

Unit Weight

The __________ of an object in a given volume is a measure of how compact or heavy it is.

Density

are open spaces in the ground that are commonly encountered as unforeseen ground conditions in engineering geology.

Voids

is the ratio of the volume of voids to the volume of solids, and is closely related with porosity.

Void Ratio

The _________ of a material tells how densely it is packed. It is the proportion of non-solid material volume to total material volume. It decreases with increasing age of the rock nad the depth of the rock.

Porosity

it simply how much water is in a product

Moisture Content

it influences the physical properties of a substance including weight, density, viscosity, conductivity and others.

Moisture Content

the weight of water in the void divided by the weight of dry solids in the rock sample.

Ratio Of Moisture Content

denotes the actual relationship between the weight of moisture existing in a space and the weight that would exist if the space were saturated

Degree Of Saturation

it can be calculated by dividing the total volume of voids in the rock sample by the volume of water in the void .

Degree Of Saturation

The rock mass having a higher porosity has...

Higher Degree Of Saturation

this refers to a porous materials ability to let liquid pass through its pores.

Permeability

all related properties of any rock or loose sediment , but related to the number, size, and connections of openings in the rock .

Porosity And Permeability

the majority of rocks are dielectric , and measurements of dielectric constants are used to interpret data.

Electrical Properties

the increase in temperature also makes rock weaker due to the formation of cracks in the rock mass

Thermal Properties

the volume of mass increases as a result of water suction or prolonged contact with water.

Swelling

is more common in weaker rocks.

Swelling

due to the sequence of rock formation , the properties of the elements of the rock mass are not identical in all directions

Anisotropy

has a weakness in one direction only.

Anisotropic Material

is the resistance to destruction.

Durability

if rock is more ________, it means it will last for a longer period when put into use.

Durable

It depends upon the nature of environment against which the rock is going to be used.

Durability

is used to describe nature of weathering.

Swelling Index

methods in testing the rock strength

Direct, Indirect

for calculating the above strength values in the lab.

Direct Methods

For determining the above strength value approximately in the lab or at the field site.

Indirect Methods

the test are carried out on intact rock specimens in the laboratory or on rock mass in the field to determine the strength values.

Mechanical Properties

is an important parameter to describe the stress and strain relationship.

Young Modulus

describes the capacity of rock deformation or stiffness of a rock.

Young Modulus

For a high elastic modulus rock, it is...

Less Deformable

For a low elastic modulus (soft) rock, it is...

More Deformable

applying compressive load until failure occurs in the core by a fracture in the middle using high-capacity compressive testing machinery verifies the _______________ of rock and material and deformation behavior under loading.

Uniaxial Compressive Strength

is the strength exhibited by a rock specimen when it is subjected to confining pressure in addition to vertical pressure.

Triaxial Compressive Strength

can also be used to determine the shear strength parameters of rock materials using this test

Mohr's Envelope

Example of direct methods

Uniaxial Compression Test, Triaxial Compression Test

Example of indirect Methods

Point Load Test, Rebound Hammer Test

is an index test that classifies rocks based on their weight.

Point Load Test

it is commonly used to determine the hardness of a rock sample's surface because it is simple to use and handle.

Rebound Hammer Test

is defined as the maximum _______ which a material is capable of developing.

Tensile Strength

_____ are weak in tension.

Rocks

the maximum resistance to deformation caused by a shear stress.

Shear Strength

it primarily concerns the shear strength and shear behavior of the rock's shearing and weakness planes, which hold a rock specimen together.

Shear Strength Test

Common modes of failure in rock sample under compression

Simple Extension, Multiple Extension, Multiple Fracturing, Multiple Shear, Simple Shear

Xeth LE 5

Mharvie Nagal · 39問 · 2年前

Xeth LE 5