CE 122- Chapter 1

59問 • 2年前

問題一覧

can be defined as a natural aggregate of minerals that are connected by strong bonding or attractive forces; for this reason, _______ is often considered a consolidated material.

Rock

may be defined as the unconsolidated sediments and deposits of solid particles that have resulted from the disintegration of rock

Soil

is defined as the uncemented aggregate of mineral grains and decayed organic matter (solid particles) with liquid and gas in the empty spaces between the solid particles.

Soil

is the branch of science that deals with the study of the physical properties of soil and the behavior of soil masses subjected to various types of forces.

Soil Mechanics

is the application of the principles of soil mechanics to practical problems.

Soil Engineering

is the subdiscipline of civil engineering that involves natural materials found close to the surface of the earth.

Geotechnical Engineering

It includes the application of the principles of soil mechanics and rock mechanics to the design of foundations, retaining structures, and earth structures.

Geotechnical Engineering

Soil categories:

Transported Soil, Residual Soil

Transported to another location

Transported Soil

small particles

Wind Transported

by rolling it down a slope

Gravity Transported

category of Wind-Transported

Aeolian Soil

example of Wind-Transported

Dune, Loess

prominent to shore

Dune

it can have cementation or silt particle

Loess

category of gravity Transported

Colluvial Soil

transported by glaciers

Glacial Till

category of glacial Till

Glacial Soil

especially during flood or sorted according to size

River Deposits

category of river Deposits

Alluvial Soil

when a river is formed by the glaciers melting

Glaciofuvial Soil

glaciofuvial Soil also called:

Stratified Drift

category of soil when it reaches and deposited in sea water

Marine Clay

a very fine soil, 75 micrometers in diameter

Clay

rainwater trap in a basin between two mountains

Lake Deposits

category of lake Deposits

Lacustrine Soil

parent material of soil

Rock

cooling of magma

Igneous Rock

sediments hardened

Sedimentary Rock

formed by metamorphism

Metamorphic Rock

combined effect of heat, pressure and plastic flow

Metamorphism

breaking down of rocks

Weathering

involves mechanical process

Mechanical Weathering

no change in the composition of rocks

Mechanical Weathering

involves chemical process

Chemical Weathering

new minerals will be formed

Chemical Weathering

loss of heat

Contract

Gain of heat

Expand

degradation of rocks

Erosion

soil deposits

Transportation

remains on the same/original location

Residual Soil

ASTM stands for

American Society For Testing And Materials

AASHTO stands for

American Association Of State Highway And Transportation Officials

particles of rock that will pass a 12-in. (300-mm) square opening and be retained on a 3-in. (75-mm) sieve,

Cobbles

particles of rock that will not pass a 12-in. (300-mm) square opening

Boulders

particles of rock that will pass a 3-in. (75-mm) sieve and be retained on a No. 4 (4.75-mm) sieve with the following subdivisions:

Gravel

passes a 3-in. (75-mm) sieve and is retained on a 3⁄4-in. (19-mm) sieve.

Coarse Gravel

passes a 3⁄4-in. (19-mm) sieve and is retained on a No. 4 (4.75-mm) sieve.

Fine Gravel

particles of rock that will pass a No. 4 (4.75-mm) sieve and be retained on a No. 200 (75-μm) sieve with the following subdivisions:

Sand

passes a No. 4 (4.75-mm) sieve and is retained on a No. 10 (2.00-mm) sieve.

Coarse Sand

passes a No. 10 (2.00-mm) sieve and is retained on a No. 40 (425- μm) sieve.

Medium Sand

passes a No. 40 (425-μm) sieve and is retained on a No. 200 (75-μm) sieve.

Fine Sand

soil passing a No.200(75-μm) sieve that can be made to exhibit plasticity (putty-like propeties) within arange of water content sand that exhibits considerable strength when airdry.

Clay

a clay with sufficient organic content to influence the soil properties.

Organic Clay

soil passing a No.200(75-μm)sieve that is nonplastic or very slightly plastic and that exhibits little or no strength when airdry.

Silt

a silt with sufficient organic content to influence the soil properties.

Organic Silt

a soil comprised primarily of vegetable tissuein various stages of decomposition,usually with an organic odor, a dark brown to black color, aspongy consistency, and a texture ranging from fibrous to amorphous.

Peat

exhibit plasticity

Clay

non plastic

Silt

Xeth LE 5

Mharvie Nagal · 39問 · 2年前

Xeth LE 5