can be defined as a natural aggregate of minerals that are connected by strong bonding or attractive forces; for this reason, _______ is often considered a consolidated material.

may be defined as the unconsolidated sediments and deposits of solid particles that have resulted from the disintegration of rock

is defined as the uncemented aggregate of mineral grains and decayed organic matter (solid particles) with liquid and gas in the empty spaces between the solid particles.

is the branch of science that deals with the study of the physical properties of soil and the behavior of soil masses subjected to various types of forces.

is the application of the principles of soil mechanics to practical problems.

is the subdiscipline of civil engineering that involves natural materials found close to the surface of the earth.

It includes the application of the principles of soil mechanics and rock mechanics to the design of foundations, retaining structures, and earth structures.

Soil categories:

Transported to another location

small particles

by rolling it down a slope

category of Wind-Transported

example of Wind-Transported

prominent to shore

it can have cementation or silt particle

category of gravity Transported

transported by glaciers

category of glacial Till

especially during flood or sorted according to size

category of river Deposits

when a river is formed by the glaciers melting

glaciofuvial Soil also called:

category of soil when it reaches and deposited in sea water

a very fine soil, 75 micrometers in diameter

rainwater trap in a basin between two mountains

category of lake Deposits

parent material of soil

cooling of magma

sediments hardened

formed by metamorphism

combined effect of heat, pressure and plastic flow

breaking down of rocks

involves mechanical process

no change in the composition of rocks

involves chemical process

new minerals will be formed

loss of heat

Gain of heat

degradation of rocks

soil deposits

remains on the same/original location

ASTM stands for

AASHTO stands for

particles of rock that will pass a 12-in. (300-mm) square opening and be retained on a 3-in. (75-mm) sieve,

particles of rock that will not pass a 12-in. (300-mm) square opening

particles of rock that will pass a 3-in. (75-mm) sieve and be retained on a No. 4 (4.75-mm) sieve with the following subdivisions:

passes a 3-in. (75-mm) sieve and is retained on a 3⁄4-in. (19-mm) sieve.

passes a 3⁄4-in. (19-mm) sieve and is retained on a No. 4 (4.75-mm) sieve.

particles of rock that will pass a No. 4 (4.75-mm) sieve and be retained on a No. 200 (75-μm) sieve with the following subdivisions:

passes a No. 4 (4.75-mm) sieve and is retained on a No. 10 (2.00-mm) sieve.

passes a No. 10 (2.00-mm) sieve and is retained on a No. 40 (425- μm) sieve.

passes a No. 40 (425-μm) sieve and is retained on a No. 200 (75-μm) sieve.

soil passing a No.200(75-μm) sieve that can be made to exhibit plasticity (putty-like propeties) within arange of water content sand that exhibits considerable strength when airdry.

a clay with sufficient organic content to influence the soil properties.

soil passing a No.200(75-μm)sieve that is nonplastic or very slightly plastic and that exhibits little or no strength when airdry.

a silt with sufficient organic content to influence the soil properties.

a soil comprised primarily of vegetable tissuein various stages of decomposition,usually with an organic odor, a dark brown to black color, aspongy consistency, and a texture ranging from fibrous to amorphous.

exhibit plasticity

non plastic