it is a single ridge that divides, forks, or splits into two ridges. One branch of the bifurcation may either run parallel or in different direction with the other branch.

Bifurcation

this ridge characteristic is almost the same with bifurcation however instead of splitting, dividing into two ridges, the single ridge forks into three ridge branches.

Trifurcation

a single ridge that terminates or ends from the structure. It is simply the abrupt ending of the friction ridge

Ridge Ending

then rejoins forming again into one ridge. The difference between bifurcation and enclosure is that, the former remains open while the later does not.

Lake or Enclosure

the smallest independent ridge unit much shortest than the island. It appears like a dot in a fingerprint impression.

Ridge Dot

a ridge that connects between two ridges running parallel with each other. It forms like a bridge in a fingerprint impression.

Ridge Bridge

forking of a single ridge into two where one branch is shorter compared to the other. This is also called as hooks

Spur

an independent ridge that is not connected to other ridges, travels in a short distance and then suddenly terminates or ends

Island

refers to a friction ridge that is different from others. It is usually in bad form, thinner, and short compared to the surrounding ridges.

Incipient ridge

the crossing of two ridges forming an "X"

Ridge Crossing

this consist of two bifurcations opposing against each other.

Opposed Bifurcation

this occurs when one of the two branches of the bifurcation splits and forks forming another set of branches. In this ridge type, there are two bifurcations

Double Bifurcation

It is a ridge that runs and gradually curves and turn backwards from which it started. This is also known as looping ridge.

Recurving Ridge

It is a small or short ridge structure that connects 90 degrees

appendage

Ridge-These are two ridges that run and meet at a single point creating a pointed and angular formation.

Converging Ridge

-It consists of two ridges running parallel or nearly parallel with each other which after running a distance, spreads in separate directions.

Diverging Ridge

Line-This may be defined as the two innermost ridges that start parallel, diverge, and surround or tend to surround the pattern area

Type line

It is the area surrounded by the Type Lines. It is where the core, delta, and the ridges that are used for ridge counting and ridge tracing can be found.

Pattern area

its Known as outer terminus

Delta

It is the innermost or approximate center of the fingerprint pattern.

Core

It is a design impression a pattern produced by the friction ridges of the first joint of the human finger

Fingerprint