TDM

94問 • 1ヶ月前

ayrika

通報

問題一覧

Involves the analysis and evaluation of circulating concentrations of drugs in blood

THERAPEUTIC DRUG MONITORING

This is to ensure that a given drug dosage which produces maximal therapeutic benefit and minimal toxic adverse effect

THERAPEUTIC DRUG MONITORING

Consequences of over dosage

TOXICITY

Consequences of under dosage

TREATMENT FAILURE

The rate at which the drug is absorbed dependent upon th route of administration

ABSORPTION

Transport mechanism of absorption

PASSIVE DIFFUSION

Weak acids are absorbed in what organ

STOMACH

Weak bases are absorbed in the

INTESTINE

Single most important factor of TDM

TIMING

Average peak concentrations of drug after an orallyy administered dose

1 HOUR

Specimen of choice for TDM

SERUM, PLASMA

C'monly used anticoagulant for TDM

HEPARIN

What to avoid in sample collection for TDM

HEMOLYSIS

Used to treat congestive heart failure and cardiac arrhythmias

CARDIOTROPIC

Cardiotropic act on the ___of the cardiac muscle

CONDUCTION SYSTEM

Net effect of cardiotropic

SLOW DOWN ELECTRICAL CONDUCTION

Class of cardiotropic drug that blocks sodium channels during depolarization

Class of cardiotropic drug that blocks blocks net effects of catecholamine

Class of cardiotropic drug that works on atrial arrythmias

III

Class of cardiotropic drug that blocks calcium channel blockers

Select all class 1 cardiotropics

QUINIDINE, PROCAINAMIDE, LIDOCAINE, PHENYTOIN

Select all class 2 cardiotropics

BETA ADRENERGIC BLOCKER, PROPRANOLOL

Select all class 3 cardiotropics

POTASSIUM CHANNEL BLOCKER, AMIODARONE

Select all class 4 cardiotropics

VERAPAMIL

Antibiotics used for the treatment of gram - bacterial infx

AMINOGLYCOSIDE

Aminoglycosides are usually administered via

INTRAMUSCULAR, INTRAVENOUS

Toxic effect of aminoglycosides

NEPHROTOXICITY, OTOTOXICITY

Antibiotics used for the treatment of gram + cocci and bacilli

VANCOMYCIN

Vancomycin administered by

Toxic therapeutic range of vancomycin

5-10 UG/ML

Optimal blood sampling time of vancomycin

TROUGH

Specific bacterias against vancomycin

METHICILLIN RESISTANT S. AUREUS, S.PNEUMONIAE, ENTEROCOCCUS SPP

GIT bacteria against vancomycin

C. DIFFICILE

Refers to damage to inner ear due to antibiotics toxicity

OTOTOXICITY

Erythematous flushing of the extremities due to vancomycin toxicity

RED MAN SYNDROME

2 major of types of seizure

FOCAL/PARTIAL, GENERALIZED

Focal seizure which originates in one specific are of brain without loss of conciousness

SIMPLE PARTIAL

Focal seizure which originates in one specific are of brain with loss of consciousness

COMPLEX PARTIAL

Most well known generalized seizure

GRAND MAL, TONIC CLONIC

Generalized seizure characterizes by blanking os mistakenluy identified as Day Dreaming

ABSENCE, PETIT MAL

Generalized seizure focuses on muscle effect

MYOCLONAL

Generalized seizure characterizes by sudden collapse

ATONIC

Refers to muscle stiffness seizure

TONIC

Refers to jerking seizure

CLONIC

Anti seizure Used for generalized tonic-clonic seizure and simple partial seizure

PHENOBARBITAL

Eye involvement toxicity due to phenobarbital

NYSTAGMUS

Lack of eye and muscle coordination movement due to phenobarbital toxicity

ATAXIA

Anti seizure for Short term prophylactic agent for brain injury

PHENYTOIN

Major toxicity of phenytoin

SEIZURE

Refers to abnormal hair growth due to phenytoin intoxicity

HIRSUTISM

Long term toxicity effect of phenytoin

VIT D AND FOLATE DEFICIENCY

Injectable water soluble pro-form phenytoin

FOSPHENYTOIN

Anti seizure used for treatment of petit mal and absence seizure

VALPROIC ACID

Valproic acid enhance the activity of ____mediated inhibitory system

Y-AMINO BUTYRIC ACID

Hepatic dysfunction caused by the valproic acid

HYPERAMMONEMIA

Which anti seizure drug causes terotogenic effect

VALPROIC ACID

Toxicity of valproic acid causes

SEDATION, GASTIC DISTURBANCE, ATAXIA

Anti seizure Used for generalized tonic clonic, simple partial, and complex partial seizure

CARBAMAZEPINE

Refers to severe stabbingh pain in one side of face caused by carbamazepine

TRIGEMINAL NEURALGIA, TIC DOULOUREX

Carbamazepine causes reduction of excitatory synaptic transmission in the__

SPINAL TRIGEMINAL NUCLEUS

Metabolites of carbamazepine

10, 11-EPOXIDE, 10, 11-DIHYDROXY

What anti seizure drug causes drowsiness, ataxia, dizziness, nausea and vomiting toxicity

CARBAMAZEPINE

Rare toxicity of carbamazepine

APLASTIC ANEMIA, THROMBOCYTOPENIA, AGRANULOCYTOSIS

Used for generalized tonic clonic, simple partial, and complex partial seizure

PRIMIDONE, CARBAMAZEPINE

Metabolites of primidone

PHENOBARBITAL, PHENYLETHYLMALONAMIDE

Anti seizure drug used for petit mal seizure which also chemically related to imipramine (TCA)

ETHOSUXIMIDE

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease caused by pulmonary or eosinophil obstruction characterizes by cough, chest tightness, and wheezing

ASTHMA

First phase of Asthma

BRONCHOCONSTRICTION

Second phase of Asthma

INFLAMMATION

Broncho and vasodilator for moderate or severe asthma attacks

THEOPHYLLINE

CNS stimulant which stimulates respiration and strengthens the action of cardiac muscles

THEOPHYLLINE

Theophylline can be administered through

ORAL, IV

Metabolite of theophylline

3 METHYL XANTHINE

Drug that interacts with theophylline

PHENYTOIN, CARBAMAZEPINE, ERYTHROMYCIN

Therapeutic range for Theophylline Adult: Newborn: Toxicity: Nausea, vomiting, headache, and anxiety Tachycardia, arrhythmias Seizure, Cardiac arrest

10-20 UG/ML, 5-10 UG/ML, 15-20 UG/ML, 20-40 UG/ML, >40 UG/ML

Release and oxidize during tissue damage which medicines attacks

ARACHIDONIC ACID

Inflammation pathway which asthma and allergy reactions occur

LIPO OXYGENASE PATHWAY

Inflammatory mediator of lipo oxygenase pathway

LEUKOTRIENE

Inflammation pathway which infection and injury occurs

CYCLO OXYGENASE PATHWAY

Inflammatory mediator of cyclo oxygenase pathway

THROMBOXANE, PROSTAGLANDIN

Anti inflammatory drug used to block cyclo oxygenase pathway also used to treat severe allergies and asthma

CORTICOSTEROID

Anti inflammatory and pain reducer without undesirable effects

NSAID

Analgesic, antipyretic and anti inflammatory used as anti thrombotic in lower dosage

ASPIRIN

Metabolite of acetaminophen

GLUCORONIDE, SULFATE CONJUGATE

Medications used to treat ADA and tissue transplant rejection

IMMUNOSUPPRESIVE

Drug of choice for maintenance of kidney, liver, heart, and lung allografts

CICLOSPORIN

Currently used in transplant surgery to prevent organ rejection which has similar toxicity profile to ciclosporin

TACROLIMUS

Used to treat bipolar disease and depression

MANIC DEPRESSION DRUG

Anti manic drug which is available as citrate and CO3 salt used to treat prophylaxis and treatment of bipolar disorder

LITHIUM

Anti manic drug used to block reuptake and adrenergic and dopaminergic neurotransmitter

TRICYCLIC ANTIDEPRESSANT

Chemotherapeutic agent used to inhibits dihydrofolate reductase-a cofactor of DNA synthesis

METHOTREXATE

Chemotherapeutic agent Used to treat psoriasis, refractory rheumatoid arthritis, and malignant neoplastic disease

METHOTREXATE

Chemotherapeutic agent used to treat leukemias and lymphomas prior to BM transplantation

BUSULFAN

Toxicity of Busulfan

HEPATIC VENO OCCLUSIVE DISEASE

DEMATIACEOUS OPPORTUNISTIC FUNGI

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PITUITARY GLAND PART 2

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PITUITARY GLAND PART 2

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PITUITARY GLAND PART 2

THYROID GLAND

THYROID GLAND

THYROID GLAND

THYROID GLAND

ADRENAL GLAND

ADRENAL GLAND

SEX GLANDS

SEX GLANDS

OTHER GLANDS

OTHER GLANDS

OTHER GLANDS

OTHER GLANDS

TOXICOLOGY

TOXICOLOGY

TOXICOLOGY

TOXICOLOGY

TOXICOLOGY

TOXICOLOGY

DRUG OF ABUSE

DRUG OF ABUSE

DRUG OF ABUSE

DRUG OF ABUSE

TOXINS

TOXINS

TOXINS

TOXINS

TDM

TDM

問題一覧

Involves the analysis and evaluation of circulating concentrations of drugs in blood

THERAPEUTIC DRUG MONITORING

This is to ensure that a given drug dosage which produces maximal therapeutic benefit and minimal toxic adverse effect

THERAPEUTIC DRUG MONITORING

Consequences of over dosage

TOXICITY

Consequences of under dosage

TREATMENT FAILURE

The rate at which the drug is absorbed dependent upon th route of administration

ABSORPTION

Transport mechanism of absorption

PASSIVE DIFFUSION

Weak acids are absorbed in what organ

STOMACH

Weak bases are absorbed in the

INTESTINE

Single most important factor of TDM

TIMING

Average peak concentrations of drug after an orallyy administered dose

1 HOUR

Specimen of choice for TDM

SERUM, PLASMA

C'monly used anticoagulant for TDM

HEPARIN

What to avoid in sample collection for TDM

HEMOLYSIS

Used to treat congestive heart failure and cardiac arrhythmias

CARDIOTROPIC

Cardiotropic act on the ___of the cardiac muscle

CONDUCTION SYSTEM

Net effect of cardiotropic

SLOW DOWN ELECTRICAL CONDUCTION

Class of cardiotropic drug that blocks sodium channels during depolarization

Class of cardiotropic drug that blocks blocks net effects of catecholamine

Class of cardiotropic drug that works on atrial arrythmias

III

Class of cardiotropic drug that blocks calcium channel blockers

Select all class 1 cardiotropics

QUINIDINE, PROCAINAMIDE, LIDOCAINE, PHENYTOIN

Select all class 2 cardiotropics

BETA ADRENERGIC BLOCKER, PROPRANOLOL

Select all class 3 cardiotropics

POTASSIUM CHANNEL BLOCKER, AMIODARONE

Select all class 4 cardiotropics

VERAPAMIL

Antibiotics used for the treatment of gram - bacterial infx

AMINOGLYCOSIDE

Aminoglycosides are usually administered via

INTRAMUSCULAR, INTRAVENOUS

Toxic effect of aminoglycosides

NEPHROTOXICITY, OTOTOXICITY

Antibiotics used for the treatment of gram + cocci and bacilli

VANCOMYCIN

Vancomycin administered by

Toxic therapeutic range of vancomycin

5-10 UG/ML

Optimal blood sampling time of vancomycin

TROUGH

Specific bacterias against vancomycin

METHICILLIN RESISTANT S. AUREUS, S.PNEUMONIAE, ENTEROCOCCUS SPP

GIT bacteria against vancomycin

C. DIFFICILE

Refers to damage to inner ear due to antibiotics toxicity

OTOTOXICITY

Erythematous flushing of the extremities due to vancomycin toxicity

RED MAN SYNDROME

2 major of types of seizure

FOCAL/PARTIAL, GENERALIZED

Focal seizure which originates in one specific are of brain without loss of conciousness

SIMPLE PARTIAL

Focal seizure which originates in one specific are of brain with loss of consciousness

COMPLEX PARTIAL

Most well known generalized seizure

GRAND MAL, TONIC CLONIC

Generalized seizure characterizes by blanking os mistakenluy identified as Day Dreaming

ABSENCE, PETIT MAL

Generalized seizure focuses on muscle effect

MYOCLONAL

Generalized seizure characterizes by sudden collapse

ATONIC

Refers to muscle stiffness seizure

TONIC

Refers to jerking seizure

CLONIC

Anti seizure Used for generalized tonic-clonic seizure and simple partial seizure

PHENOBARBITAL

Eye involvement toxicity due to phenobarbital

NYSTAGMUS

Lack of eye and muscle coordination movement due to phenobarbital toxicity

ATAXIA

Anti seizure for Short term prophylactic agent for brain injury

PHENYTOIN

Major toxicity of phenytoin

SEIZURE

Refers to abnormal hair growth due to phenytoin intoxicity

HIRSUTISM

Long term toxicity effect of phenytoin

VIT D AND FOLATE DEFICIENCY

Injectable water soluble pro-form phenytoin

FOSPHENYTOIN

Anti seizure used for treatment of petit mal and absence seizure

VALPROIC ACID

Valproic acid enhance the activity of ____mediated inhibitory system

Y-AMINO BUTYRIC ACID

Hepatic dysfunction caused by the valproic acid

HYPERAMMONEMIA

Which anti seizure drug causes terotogenic effect

VALPROIC ACID

Toxicity of valproic acid causes

SEDATION, GASTIC DISTURBANCE, ATAXIA

Anti seizure Used for generalized tonic clonic, simple partial, and complex partial seizure

CARBAMAZEPINE

Refers to severe stabbingh pain in one side of face caused by carbamazepine

TRIGEMINAL NEURALGIA, TIC DOULOUREX

Carbamazepine causes reduction of excitatory synaptic transmission in the__

SPINAL TRIGEMINAL NUCLEUS

Metabolites of carbamazepine

10, 11-EPOXIDE, 10, 11-DIHYDROXY

What anti seizure drug causes drowsiness, ataxia, dizziness, nausea and vomiting toxicity

CARBAMAZEPINE

Rare toxicity of carbamazepine

APLASTIC ANEMIA, THROMBOCYTOPENIA, AGRANULOCYTOSIS

Used for generalized tonic clonic, simple partial, and complex partial seizure

PRIMIDONE, CARBAMAZEPINE

Metabolites of primidone

PHENOBARBITAL, PHENYLETHYLMALONAMIDE

Anti seizure drug used for petit mal seizure which also chemically related to imipramine (TCA)

ETHOSUXIMIDE

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease caused by pulmonary or eosinophil obstruction characterizes by cough, chest tightness, and wheezing

ASTHMA

First phase of Asthma

BRONCHOCONSTRICTION

Second phase of Asthma

INFLAMMATION

Broncho and vasodilator for moderate or severe asthma attacks

THEOPHYLLINE

CNS stimulant which stimulates respiration and strengthens the action of cardiac muscles

THEOPHYLLINE

Theophylline can be administered through

ORAL, IV

Metabolite of theophylline

3 METHYL XANTHINE

Drug that interacts with theophylline

PHENYTOIN, CARBAMAZEPINE, ERYTHROMYCIN

Therapeutic range for Theophylline Adult: Newborn: Toxicity: Nausea, vomiting, headache, and anxiety Tachycardia, arrhythmias Seizure, Cardiac arrest

10-20 UG/ML, 5-10 UG/ML, 15-20 UG/ML, 20-40 UG/ML, >40 UG/ML

Release and oxidize during tissue damage which medicines attacks

ARACHIDONIC ACID

Inflammation pathway which asthma and allergy reactions occur

LIPO OXYGENASE PATHWAY

Inflammatory mediator of lipo oxygenase pathway

LEUKOTRIENE

Inflammation pathway which infection and injury occurs

CYCLO OXYGENASE PATHWAY

Inflammatory mediator of cyclo oxygenase pathway

THROMBOXANE, PROSTAGLANDIN

Anti inflammatory drug used to block cyclo oxygenase pathway also used to treat severe allergies and asthma

CORTICOSTEROID

Anti inflammatory and pain reducer without undesirable effects

NSAID

Analgesic, antipyretic and anti inflammatory used as anti thrombotic in lower dosage

ASPIRIN

Metabolite of acetaminophen

GLUCORONIDE, SULFATE CONJUGATE

Medications used to treat ADA and tissue transplant rejection

IMMUNOSUPPRESIVE

Drug of choice for maintenance of kidney, liver, heart, and lung allografts

CICLOSPORIN

Currently used in transplant surgery to prevent organ rejection which has similar toxicity profile to ciclosporin

TACROLIMUS

Used to treat bipolar disease and depression

MANIC DEPRESSION DRUG

Anti manic drug which is available as citrate and CO3 salt used to treat prophylaxis and treatment of bipolar disorder

LITHIUM

Anti manic drug used to block reuptake and adrenergic and dopaminergic neurotransmitter

TRICYCLIC ANTIDEPRESSANT

Chemotherapeutic agent used to inhibits dihydrofolate reductase-a cofactor of DNA synthesis

METHOTREXATE

Chemotherapeutic agent Used to treat psoriasis, refractory rheumatoid arthritis, and malignant neoplastic disease

METHOTREXATE

Chemotherapeutic agent used to treat leukemias and lymphomas prior to BM transplantation

BUSULFAN

Toxicity of Busulfan

HEPATIC VENO OCCLUSIVE DISEASE