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TOXICOLOGY
72問 • 1ヶ月前
  • ayrika
    • 通報

    問題一覧

  • 1

    Study of drug effects on biological systems

    PHARMACOLOGY

  • 2

    Route of Drug Administration Most C'mon convenient route easily and safe but has slowest onset and risk of intoxication

    ORAL

  • 3

    Route of Drug Administration Drug administration under tongue via oral mucosa Example

    SUBLINGUAL, HYPERTENSIVE

  • 4

    Route of Drug Administration Insertion through rectum via rectal mucosa Example

    RECTAL, LAXATIVE

  • 5

    Route of Drug Administration Fastest but invasive procedure Example

    INTRAVENOUS, ANTIOBIOTICS & ANALGESICS

  • 6

    Route of Drug Administration Injected through muscles

    INTRAMUSCULAR

  • 7

    Route of Drug Administration Injected via skin Example

    SUBCUTANEOUS, INSULIN

  • 8

    Route of Drug Administration Via lungs Example

    INHALATION, SALBUTAMOL

  • 9

    Route of Drug Administration Via skin for localized treatment w/ minimal side effects

    TOPICAL

  • 10

    Route of Drug Administration Via skin like patches

    TRANSDERMAL

  • 11

    Refers to the movement of drug in bloodstream after administration

    ABSORPTION

  • 12

    Refers to the movement of drug in bloodstream to different tissues of the body

    DISTRIBUTION

  • 13

    Refers to the biotransformation conversion of drug into substances to be easily excrete by the body

    METABOLISM

  • 14

    Refers to the elimination of water soluble drug and its metabolites

    EXCRETION

  • 15

    Refers to the steady state removal of drug via urine

    CLEARANCE

  • 16

    Intramuscular administration is usually done in

    GLUTEOUS, DELTOID

  • 17

    Organ responsible for metabolism of drug

    LIVER

  • 18

    Organ responsible for the excretion of drug

    KIDNEY

  • 19

    Drug fate is also known as

    PHARMACOKINETIC

  • 20

    Theory define by pharmacodynamics

    DRUG ACTION, RECEPTOR THEORY

  • 21

    Drugs w/ high affinity binds at ____concentration

    LOW

  • 22

    Strength of drug binding to its receptor or interaction

    AFFINITY

  • 23

    Ability of drug to produce maximal effect activating the receptor to produce physiological response

    EFFICACY

  • 24

    Drug interaction which combined effects is greater than sum like Antibiotics

    SYNERGISM

  • 25

    Drug interaction which combined effects equals the sum of individual effects like Acetaminophen+aspirin

    ADDITION

  • 26

    Drug interaction which one drug enhances the effect of another Clavonalic acid+amoxicillin

    POTENTIATION

  • 27

    Drug interaction which one drug reduces the effect of another Nalaxone antidote to morphine

    ANTAGONISM

  • 28

    Quantitative measurement used by the doctors causing effect to 50% of subjects

    EFFECTIVE DOSE 50

  • 29

    Quantitative measurement causing max affect of 50% to plasma and tissues

    EFFECTIVE CONCENTRATION

  • 30

    Used as safety measure to drug safety

    THERAPEUTIC INDEX

  • 31

    Safety measures used by the Therapeutic Index

    LD50, ED50

  • 32

    Range between therapeutic and lethal doses

    MARGIN OF SAFETY

  • 33

    Study of exogenous chemicals that effect bodily functions harmfully or therapeutically

    TOXICOLOGY

  • 34

    Clinical laboratory function which used by physicians to adjust drug dosages individually

    THERAPEUTIC DRUG MONITORING

  • 35

    Clinical laboratory function determines offending drug, intoxication level, and suggest treatment

    IDENTIFICATION OF DRUG ACUTE INTOXICATION

  • 36

    Clinical laboratory function used in pre employment and medico legal cases

    URINE DRUG TESTING

  • 37

    C'monly used unit to measuring toxins for contaminated water

    PPM

  • 38

    C'monly used unit to measuring metals in food or water

    PPB

  • 39

    C'monly used unit to measuring ultra trace toxins

    PPT

  • 40

    1 CC=1 ML=

    1G

  • 41

    1 LITER WATER=

    1 KG

  • 42

    1 MG/KG=

    1 PPM

  • 43

    Refers to force administration of food

    GAVAGE

  • 44

    Toxicity endpoint causing death

    MORTALITY

  • 45

    Toxicity endpoint causing birth defect or fetal malformation

    TERATOGENICITY

  • 46

    Toxicity endpoint causing cancer or uncontrolled growth of cell

    CARCINOGENICITY

  • 47

    Toxicity endpoint causing DNA mutations or permanent changes

    MUTAGENICITY

  • 48

    Key measurement dose causing death in 50% of test animals

    LETHAL DOSE 50

  • 49

    Key measurement used as median lethal concentration in air/water causing death in 50% of test animals

    LETHAL CONCENTRATION 50

  • 50

    Unit of measurement used by LD50

    MG/KG

  • 51

    Unit of measurement used by LC50

    MG/L, PPM

  • 52

    Optimal blood sampling time which measures rate of blood administration=rate of elimination

    STEADY STATE

  • 53

    Steady state Optimal blood sampling time is collected ____half lives of regular dosing

    4-5X

  • 54

    Optimal blood sampling time which concentration of drug in bloodstream is measured before the next dose

    TROUGH, PRE DOSE

  • 55

    Optimal blood sampling time used for rate of toxicity

    TROUGH, PRE DOSE

  • 56

    Optimal blood sampling time which measures highest concentration of drug following administration measured after drug is given

    PEAK, POST DOSE

  • 57

    Optimal blood sampling time c'monly used by IV

    PEAK, POST DOSE

  • 58

    How minutes for Optimal blood sampling time of Peak/Post dose post infusion

    30

  • 59

    How minutes for Optimal blood sampling time of Peak/Post dose post injection

    60

  • 60

    Immunologic method measures enzyme activity drug concentration Detects drugs like cocaine, cannabinoids, opiates, barbiturates

    ENZYME MULTIPLIED IMMUNOASSAY TECHNIQUE

  • 61

    Immunologic method Solid-phase assay for drugs like digoxin and digitoxin

    ENZYME LINKED IMMUNOSORBENT ASSAY

  • 62

    Immunologic method Measures fluorescent products like umbelliferone -

    FLUORESCENCE IMMUNOASSAY

  • 63

    Immunologic method Measures drug concentration via radiolabeled drug competition

    RADIOIMMUNOASSAY

  • 64

    Best method for ELISA

    SANDWICH

  • 65

    Product of reaction of Fluorescence Immunoassay

    UMBLIFERONE

  • 66

    Most useful enzymes for EMIT

    MALATE DEHYDROGENASE, GLUCOSE 6 PHOSPHATE DEHYDROGENASE

  • 67

    Chromatographic Methods for drug screening

    THIN LAYER CHROMATOGRAPHY

  • 68

    Chromatographic Methods Quantify serum drug levels, confirm drug identity

    HIGH PERFORMANCE LIQUID CHROMATOGRAPHY, GAS LIQUID CHROMATOGRAPHY

  • 69

    Visible spectrum substance seen in Spectrophotometry

    SALICYLATE

  • 70

    Ultraviolet spectrum Spectrophotometry

    BARBITURATE

  • 71

    Fluorescence substance detected in Spectrophotometry

    QUINIDINE

  • 72

    Also used for tentative drug identification

    SPECTROPHOTOMETRY

    • DEMATIACEOUS OPPORTUNISTIC FUNGI

    DEMATIACEOUS OPPORTUNISTIC FUNGI

    ayrika · 52問 · 2ヶ月前

    DEMATIACEOUS OPPORTUNISTIC FUNGI

    DEMATIACEOUS OPPORTUNISTIC FUNGI

    52問 • 2ヶ月前
    ayrika

    PITUITARY GLAND PART 2

    PITUITARY GLAND PART 2

    ayrika · 5問 · 1ヶ月前

    PITUITARY GLAND PART 2

    PITUITARY GLAND PART 2

    5問 • 1ヶ月前
    ayrika

    PITUITARY GLAND PART 2

    PITUITARY GLAND PART 2

    ayrika · 5問 · 1ヶ月前

    PITUITARY GLAND PART 2

    PITUITARY GLAND PART 2

    5問 • 1ヶ月前
    ayrika

    THYROID GLAND

    THYROID GLAND

    ayrika · 71問 · 1ヶ月前

    THYROID GLAND

    THYROID GLAND

    71問 • 1ヶ月前
    ayrika

    THYROID GLAND

    THYROID GLAND

    ayrika · 71問 · 1ヶ月前

    THYROID GLAND

    THYROID GLAND

    71問 • 1ヶ月前
    ayrika

    ADRENAL GLAND

    ADRENAL GLAND

    ayrika · 77問 · 1ヶ月前

    ADRENAL GLAND

    ADRENAL GLAND

    77問 • 1ヶ月前
    ayrika

    SEX GLANDS

    SEX GLANDS

    ayrika · 35問 · 1ヶ月前

    SEX GLANDS

    SEX GLANDS

    35問 • 1ヶ月前
    ayrika

    OTHER GLANDS

    OTHER GLANDS

    ayrika · 8問 · 1ヶ月前

    OTHER GLANDS

    OTHER GLANDS

    8問 • 1ヶ月前
    ayrika

    OTHER GLANDS

    OTHER GLANDS

    ayrika · 8問 · 1ヶ月前

    OTHER GLANDS

    OTHER GLANDS

    8問 • 1ヶ月前
    ayrika

    TOXICOLOGY

    TOXICOLOGY

    ayrika · 72問 · 1ヶ月前

    TOXICOLOGY

    TOXICOLOGY

    72問 • 1ヶ月前
    ayrika

    TOXICOLOGY

    TOXICOLOGY

    ayrika · 72問 · 1ヶ月前

    TOXICOLOGY

    TOXICOLOGY

    72問 • 1ヶ月前
    ayrika

    DRUG OF ABUSE

    DRUG OF ABUSE

    ayrika · 95問 · 1ヶ月前

    DRUG OF ABUSE

    DRUG OF ABUSE

    95問 • 1ヶ月前
    ayrika

    DRUG OF ABUSE

    DRUG OF ABUSE

    ayrika · 95問 · 1ヶ月前

    DRUG OF ABUSE

    DRUG OF ABUSE

    95問 • 1ヶ月前
    ayrika

    TOXINS

    TOXINS

    ayrika · 57問 · 1ヶ月前

    TOXINS

    TOXINS

    57問 • 1ヶ月前
    ayrika

    TOXINS

    TOXINS

    ayrika · 57問 · 1ヶ月前

    TOXINS

    TOXINS

    57問 • 1ヶ月前
    ayrika

    TDM

    TDM

    ayrika · 94問 · 1ヶ月前

    TDM

    TDM

    94問 • 1ヶ月前
    ayrika

    TDM

    TDM

    ayrika · 94問 · 1ヶ月前

    TDM

    TDM

    94問 • 1ヶ月前
    ayrika

    問題一覧

  • 1

    Study of drug effects on biological systems

    PHARMACOLOGY

  • 2

    Route of Drug Administration Most C'mon convenient route easily and safe but has slowest onset and risk of intoxication

    ORAL

  • 3

    Route of Drug Administration Drug administration under tongue via oral mucosa Example

    SUBLINGUAL, HYPERTENSIVE

  • 4

    Route of Drug Administration Insertion through rectum via rectal mucosa Example

    RECTAL, LAXATIVE

  • 5

    Route of Drug Administration Fastest but invasive procedure Example

    INTRAVENOUS, ANTIOBIOTICS & ANALGESICS

  • 6

    Route of Drug Administration Injected through muscles

    INTRAMUSCULAR

  • 7

    Route of Drug Administration Injected via skin Example

    SUBCUTANEOUS, INSULIN

  • 8

    Route of Drug Administration Via lungs Example

    INHALATION, SALBUTAMOL

  • 9

    Route of Drug Administration Via skin for localized treatment w/ minimal side effects

    TOPICAL

  • 10

    Route of Drug Administration Via skin like patches

    TRANSDERMAL

  • 11

    Refers to the movement of drug in bloodstream after administration

    ABSORPTION

  • 12

    Refers to the movement of drug in bloodstream to different tissues of the body

    DISTRIBUTION

  • 13

    Refers to the biotransformation conversion of drug into substances to be easily excrete by the body

    METABOLISM

  • 14

    Refers to the elimination of water soluble drug and its metabolites

    EXCRETION

  • 15

    Refers to the steady state removal of drug via urine

    CLEARANCE

  • 16

    Intramuscular administration is usually done in

    GLUTEOUS, DELTOID

  • 17

    Organ responsible for metabolism of drug

    LIVER

  • 18

    Organ responsible for the excretion of drug

    KIDNEY

  • 19

    Drug fate is also known as

    PHARMACOKINETIC

  • 20

    Theory define by pharmacodynamics

    DRUG ACTION, RECEPTOR THEORY

  • 21

    Drugs w/ high affinity binds at ____concentration

    LOW

  • 22

    Strength of drug binding to its receptor or interaction

    AFFINITY

  • 23

    Ability of drug to produce maximal effect activating the receptor to produce physiological response

    EFFICACY

  • 24

    Drug interaction which combined effects is greater than sum like Antibiotics

    SYNERGISM

  • 25

    Drug interaction which combined effects equals the sum of individual effects like Acetaminophen+aspirin

    ADDITION

  • 26

    Drug interaction which one drug enhances the effect of another Clavonalic acid+amoxicillin

    POTENTIATION

  • 27

    Drug interaction which one drug reduces the effect of another Nalaxone antidote to morphine

    ANTAGONISM

  • 28

    Quantitative measurement used by the doctors causing effect to 50% of subjects

    EFFECTIVE DOSE 50

  • 29

    Quantitative measurement causing max affect of 50% to plasma and tissues

    EFFECTIVE CONCENTRATION

  • 30

    Used as safety measure to drug safety

    THERAPEUTIC INDEX

  • 31

    Safety measures used by the Therapeutic Index

    LD50, ED50

  • 32

    Range between therapeutic and lethal doses

    MARGIN OF SAFETY

  • 33

    Study of exogenous chemicals that effect bodily functions harmfully or therapeutically

    TOXICOLOGY

  • 34

    Clinical laboratory function which used by physicians to adjust drug dosages individually

    THERAPEUTIC DRUG MONITORING

  • 35

    Clinical laboratory function determines offending drug, intoxication level, and suggest treatment

    IDENTIFICATION OF DRUG ACUTE INTOXICATION

  • 36

    Clinical laboratory function used in pre employment and medico legal cases

    URINE DRUG TESTING

  • 37

    C'monly used unit to measuring toxins for contaminated water

    PPM

  • 38

    C'monly used unit to measuring metals in food or water

    PPB

  • 39

    C'monly used unit to measuring ultra trace toxins

    PPT

  • 40

    1 CC=1 ML=

    1G

  • 41

    1 LITER WATER=

    1 KG

  • 42

    1 MG/KG=

    1 PPM

  • 43

    Refers to force administration of food

    GAVAGE

  • 44

    Toxicity endpoint causing death

    MORTALITY

  • 45

    Toxicity endpoint causing birth defect or fetal malformation

    TERATOGENICITY

  • 46

    Toxicity endpoint causing cancer or uncontrolled growth of cell

    CARCINOGENICITY

  • 47

    Toxicity endpoint causing DNA mutations or permanent changes

    MUTAGENICITY

  • 48

    Key measurement dose causing death in 50% of test animals

    LETHAL DOSE 50

  • 49

    Key measurement used as median lethal concentration in air/water causing death in 50% of test animals

    LETHAL CONCENTRATION 50

  • 50

    Unit of measurement used by LD50

    MG/KG

  • 51

    Unit of measurement used by LC50

    MG/L, PPM

  • 52

    Optimal blood sampling time which measures rate of blood administration=rate of elimination

    STEADY STATE

  • 53

    Steady state Optimal blood sampling time is collected ____half lives of regular dosing

    4-5X

  • 54

    Optimal blood sampling time which concentration of drug in bloodstream is measured before the next dose

    TROUGH, PRE DOSE

  • 55

    Optimal blood sampling time used for rate of toxicity

    TROUGH, PRE DOSE

  • 56

    Optimal blood sampling time which measures highest concentration of drug following administration measured after drug is given

    PEAK, POST DOSE

  • 57

    Optimal blood sampling time c'monly used by IV

    PEAK, POST DOSE

  • 58

    How minutes for Optimal blood sampling time of Peak/Post dose post infusion

    30

  • 59

    How minutes for Optimal blood sampling time of Peak/Post dose post injection

    60

  • 60

    Immunologic method measures enzyme activity drug concentration Detects drugs like cocaine, cannabinoids, opiates, barbiturates

    ENZYME MULTIPLIED IMMUNOASSAY TECHNIQUE

  • 61

    Immunologic method Solid-phase assay for drugs like digoxin and digitoxin

    ENZYME LINKED IMMUNOSORBENT ASSAY

  • 62

    Immunologic method Measures fluorescent products like umbelliferone -

    FLUORESCENCE IMMUNOASSAY

  • 63

    Immunologic method Measures drug concentration via radiolabeled drug competition

    RADIOIMMUNOASSAY

  • 64

    Best method for ELISA

    SANDWICH

  • 65

    Product of reaction of Fluorescence Immunoassay

    UMBLIFERONE

  • 66

    Most useful enzymes for EMIT

    MALATE DEHYDROGENASE, GLUCOSE 6 PHOSPHATE DEHYDROGENASE

  • 67

    Chromatographic Methods for drug screening

    THIN LAYER CHROMATOGRAPHY

  • 68

    Chromatographic Methods Quantify serum drug levels, confirm drug identity

    HIGH PERFORMANCE LIQUID CHROMATOGRAPHY, GAS LIQUID CHROMATOGRAPHY

  • 69

    Visible spectrum substance seen in Spectrophotometry

    SALICYLATE

  • 70

    Ultraviolet spectrum Spectrophotometry

    BARBITURATE

  • 71

    Fluorescence substance detected in Spectrophotometry

    QUINIDINE

  • 72

    Also used for tentative drug identification

    SPECTROPHOTOMETRY