FOR QUIZ LANG NOW

Reviewer

FOR QUIZ LANG NOW

48問 • 1年前Reviewer

Kathlyn Pascua

通報

問題一覧

The process by which a researcher identifies the representative of a population to be used in his/her study

Sampling

2 types of sampling method

-probability / statistical sampling - non probability sampling

This is used when an accurate representation of the entire population is needed in the sample.

Probability / statistical sampling

This is used when the population cannot/does not need to be sampled to represent the target population and so individuals do not have an equal chance of being sampled

Non - probability sampling

5 kinds of probability /statistical sampling

-simple random sampling -stratified random sampling -cluster sampling -multistage sampling -systematic sampling

are identified randomly with the help of statistical and mathematical computations.

Simple random sampling

population is divided into different groups/strata based on criteria set by the researcher.

Stratified random sampling

This is similar to stratified randomly sampling, but instead of grouping them based on criteria set by the researchers the individuals are randomly selected from naturally occurring groups (e.g. sections in a school).

Cluster sampling

-This type of sampling is a combination of stratified random and cluster sampling. It consists of multiple stages of grouping: first from naturally occurring groups and then groups based on criteria set by the researcher.

Multistage sampling

This method of sampling is the easiest since it only requires the researcher to set a fixed interval to determine the sample.

Systematic sampling

4 types of non-probability sampling -

-purposive sampling -convenience sampling -snowball sampling -quota sampling

are targeted and selected based on a criterion set by the researcher

Purposive sampling

The sampling group is identified by the convenience of the researcher jeg, nearby, sirsady familiar)

Convenience sampling

The identification of the sample group is accumulative and can come from populations not initially known by the researcher.

Snowball sampling

Very similar to purposive sampling wherein the population is filtered based on a criterion set by a researcher.

Quota sampling

Participants self-select themselves.

Voluntary sampling

5 types of observation

-participant -non participant -systematic / structured -unstructured -simple/contribed observation

This is similar to participant observation except that the researcher is NOT immersed in the setting or the participants are not aware of the researcher's presence.

Non-participant observation

The researcher is immersed for prolonged periods of time in the setting where the participants/phenomenon is to be observed.

Participant observation

It is when the researcher establishes specific rules for the observation and schedule (e.g. they will be observed for two (2) hours inside the school).

Structured / systematic observation

It is the complete opposite of structured observation where there are no rules or guidelines set for the observation. This allows a more freeform or narrative means data collection.

Unstructured observation

In both methods, the participant is unaware of the researcher and the researcher does interact or involve themselves with the setting.

Simple and contrived observation

It is a method that is used when a participant can be observed directly.

Interviews

3 types of interviews

-structured interviews - semi structured interviews -unstructured interviews

These are "oral questionnaires". The researcher asks a list of predefined questions that only permits limited participant responses.

Structured interview

This is the opposite of structured interviews. Participants will be asked one (1) general question and can explain their responses in depth.

Unstructured interview

This step is focused on identifying which data is relevant and usable.

Data cleaning or preparation

is meant to transform your data into manageable formats.

Data cleaning or preparation

4 data exploration

-chunking -clustering -memoing -coding

the act of breaking down your cleaned data and determining which parts are for what purpose (e.g., is this about participant information, background, examples provided, etc.).

Chunking

the act of taking these chunks and classifying them according to labels or basic codes.

Clustering

focused on creating labels and categories that represent the data accurately.

Coding

three (3) patterns or levels of coding

-Descriptive to Interpretative to Pattern -First to the second cycle -Open to Axial to Selective

move from summary to meaning

Descriptive to Interpretative to Pattern

moves from initial theory to developing relationships between codes for the emerging theory

Open to Axial to Selective

moves from describing the data units to inferring meaning

First to the second cycle

the act of taking these codes and clusters and then adding notes that help explain or define them.

Memoing

Used in qualitative research to verify or check if the data collected from the procedures performed by the researcher is accurate and can support the proposed discussions

Validity

4 types of validity

-Triangulation -Construct validity -Criterion-based validity -Content validity

It is the extent to which the questions on the instrument and the scores from these questions represent all possible questions that could be asked about the content or skill

Content validity

this is the minimum index of content validity. This tests the degree by which the results or instrument measures the concept being measured.

Face Validity

It is used to predict current or future performances by correlating results with another criterion of interest

Criterion based validity

relates the results to an already established/validated set of scores.

Concurrent Validity

relates the results to a future criterion to predict some form of behavior.

Predictive Validity

is used when the goal of the study is to construct theories to understand better and predict behavior

Construct validity

relates the results to a future criterion to predict some form of behavior.

Predictive Validity

determines the lack of relationship among certain variables according to theory and empirical evidence

Discriminant Validity

Relies on multiple validation methods to verify the results of a study.

Triangulation

PLATE TECTONICS

Kathlyn Pascua · 80問 · 1年前

PLATE TECTONICS

80問 • 1年前

Kathlyn Pascua

geologic time

Kathlyn Pascua · 38問 · 1年前

geologic time

38問 • 1年前

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MGA SITWASYONG PANGWIKA SA LIPUNAN

Kathlyn Pascua · 45問 · 1年前

MGA SITWASYONG PANGWIKA SA LIPUNAN

45問 • 1年前

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VOLLEYBALL

Kathlyn Pascua · 35問 · 1年前

VOLLEYBALL

35問 • 1年前

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THEORY OF EVOLUTION

Kathlyn Pascua · 28問 · 1年前

THEORY OF EVOLUTION

28問 • 1年前

Kathlyn Pascua

cultural, social and political institutions

Kathlyn Pascua · 100問 · 1年前

cultural, social and political institutions

100問 • 1年前

Kathlyn Pascua

economic and nonstate institutions

Kathlyn Pascua · 86問 · 1年前

economic and nonstate institutions

86問 • 1年前

Kathlyn Pascua

relative age dating

Kathlyn Pascua · 28問 · 1年前

relative age dating

28問 • 1年前

Kathlyn Pascua

absolute age dating

Kathlyn Pascua · 10問 · 1年前

absolute age dating

10問 • 1年前

Kathlyn Pascua

education and health system

Kathlyn Pascua · 41問 · 1年前

education and health system

41問 • 1年前

Kathlyn Pascua

religion and belief system

Kathlyn Pascua · 32問 · 1年前

religion and belief system

32問 • 1年前

Kathlyn Pascua

QUIZ BEE

Kathlyn Pascua · 59問 · 1年前

QUIZ BEE

59問 • 1年前

Kathlyn Pascua

問題一覧

The process by which a researcher identifies the representative of a population to be used in his/her study

Sampling

2 types of sampling method

-probability / statistical sampling - non probability sampling

This is used when an accurate representation of the entire population is needed in the sample.

Probability / statistical sampling

This is used when the population cannot/does not need to be sampled to represent the target population and so individuals do not have an equal chance of being sampled

Non - probability sampling

5 kinds of probability /statistical sampling

-simple random sampling -stratified random sampling -cluster sampling -multistage sampling -systematic sampling

are identified randomly with the help of statistical and mathematical computations.

Simple random sampling

population is divided into different groups/strata based on criteria set by the researcher.

Stratified random sampling

Cluster sampling

Multistage sampling

This method of sampling is the easiest since it only requires the researcher to set a fixed interval to determine the sample.

Systematic sampling

4 types of non-probability sampling -

-purposive sampling -convenience sampling -snowball sampling -quota sampling

are targeted and selected based on a criterion set by the researcher

Purposive sampling

The sampling group is identified by the convenience of the researcher jeg, nearby, sirsady familiar)

Convenience sampling

The identification of the sample group is accumulative and can come from populations not initially known by the researcher.

Snowball sampling

Very similar to purposive sampling wherein the population is filtered based on a criterion set by a researcher.

Quota sampling

Participants self-select themselves.

Voluntary sampling

5 types of observation

-participant -non participant -systematic / structured -unstructured -simple/contribed observation

This is similar to participant observation except that the researcher is NOT immersed in the setting or the participants are not aware of the researcher's presence.

Non-participant observation

The researcher is immersed for prolonged periods of time in the setting where the participants/phenomenon is to be observed.

Participant observation

It is when the researcher establishes specific rules for the observation and schedule (e.g. they will be observed for two (2) hours inside the school).

Structured / systematic observation

It is the complete opposite of structured observation where there are no rules or guidelines set for the observation. This allows a more freeform or narrative means data collection.

Unstructured observation

In both methods, the participant is unaware of the researcher and the researcher does interact or involve themselves with the setting.

Simple and contrived observation

It is a method that is used when a participant can be observed directly.

Interviews

3 types of interviews

-structured interviews - semi structured interviews -unstructured interviews

These are "oral questionnaires". The researcher asks a list of predefined questions that only permits limited participant responses.

Structured interview

This is the opposite of structured interviews. Participants will be asked one (1) general question and can explain their responses in depth.

Unstructured interview

This step is focused on identifying which data is relevant and usable.

Data cleaning or preparation

is meant to transform your data into manageable formats.

Data cleaning or preparation

4 data exploration

-chunking -clustering -memoing -coding

the act of breaking down your cleaned data and determining which parts are for what purpose (e.g., is this about participant information, background, examples provided, etc.).

Chunking

the act of taking these chunks and classifying them according to labels or basic codes.

Clustering

focused on creating labels and categories that represent the data accurately.

Coding

three (3) patterns or levels of coding

-Descriptive to Interpretative to Pattern -First to the second cycle -Open to Axial to Selective

move from summary to meaning

Descriptive to Interpretative to Pattern

moves from initial theory to developing relationships between codes for the emerging theory

Open to Axial to Selective

moves from describing the data units to inferring meaning

First to the second cycle

the act of taking these codes and clusters and then adding notes that help explain or define them.

Memoing

Used in qualitative research to verify or check if the data collected from the procedures performed by the researcher is accurate and can support the proposed discussions

Validity

4 types of validity

-Triangulation -Construct validity -Criterion-based validity -Content validity

It is the extent to which the questions on the instrument and the scores from these questions represent all possible questions that could be asked about the content or skill

Content validity

this is the minimum index of content validity. This tests the degree by which the results or instrument measures the concept being measured.

Face Validity

It is used to predict current or future performances by correlating results with another criterion of interest

Criterion based validity

relates the results to an already established/validated set of scores.

Concurrent Validity

relates the results to a future criterion to predict some form of behavior.

Predictive Validity

is used when the goal of the study is to construct theories to understand better and predict behavior

Construct validity

relates the results to a future criterion to predict some form of behavior.

Predictive Validity

determines the lack of relationship among certain variables according to theory and empirical evidence

Discriminant Validity

Relies on multiple validation methods to verify the results of a study.

Triangulation