ログイン

microbiology lecture two
92問 • 10ヶ月前
  • ユーザ名非公開
  • 通報

    問題一覧

  • 1

    What is the main purpose of metabolism in cells?

    B) To produce ATP for cellular functions

  • 2

    Which of the following is NOT a macromolecule that cells acquire for energy production?

    C) Nucleic acids

  • 3

    How do autotrophs obtain carbon for energy storage?

    B) By absorbing CO₂ from the environment

  • 4

    Which organisms use light as their energy source and CO₂ as their carbon source?

    A) Photoautotrophs

  • 5

    What do chemoautotrophs use as their energy source?

    C) Inorganic chemicals like iron and sulfur

  • 6

    Which type of organism must consume other organisms to obtain carbon?

    B) Heterotroph

  • 7

    Which group of organisms includes humans?

    D) Chemoheterotrophs

  • 8

    Photoheterotrophs obtain their energy from __ and their carbon from __.

    B) Light; organic molecules

  • 9

    Which type of bacteria can use light as an energy source but still require organic carbon sources?

    A) Purple non-sulfur bacteria

  • 10

    What is the function of ATP in a cell?

    C) To provide energy for cellular processes

  • 11

    Where is energy stored in glucose?

    B) In the bonds between its atoms

  • 12

    What process breaks down glucose to release energy?

    B) Glycolysis

  • 13

    What does ATP stand for?

    A) Adenosine triphosphate

  • 14

    What type of reaction is responsible for charging ATP?

    C) Dehydration synthesis

  • 15

    In a redox reaction, what happens when a molecule is oxidized?

    B) It loses an electron

  • 16

    What happens when a molecule is reduced in a redox reaction?

    B) It gains an electron

  • 17

    Which molecule acts like a fully charged battery for the cell?

    B) ATP

  • 18

    Which process involves thousands of chemical reactions happening throughout a cell?

    A) Metabolism

  • 19

    Which term describes the reshuffling of atoms in three-dimensional space to make new products?

    B) Chemical reaction

  • 20

    Why is it important to focus on the big picture of metabolism rather than every individual reaction?

    B) Because it’s impossible to memorize every reaction

  • 21

    What is an enzyme?

    A protein that speeds up chemical reactions

  • 22

    What is the role of the enzyme’s active site?

    It is where the enzyme bonds with the substrate

  • 23

    What happens if the enzyme’s shape changes?

    The enzyme will no longer be able to fit the substrate

  • 24

    What is the apoenzyme?

    The protein part of the enzyme

  • 25

    What is a coenzyme?

    A small organic molecule, often from vitamins, that helps the enzyme function

  • 26

    What is the holoenzyme?

    The complete enzyme with all parts (apoenzyme, coenzyme/cofactor, and substrate)

  • 27

    Why do cells break down molecules like glucose in many small steps?

    To store energy in the form of ATP

  • 28

    What happens if an enzyme is not functioning properly in a metabolic process?

    The cell will not be able to complete the process and make ATP

  • 29

    What factor can regulate enzyme activity?

    Temperature

  • 30

    What happens to most enzymes if the temperature becomes too high?

    The enzyme will become denatured and break down

  • 31

    What happens to the DNA of the bacterial cell during binary fission?

    The DNA is copied and doubled

  • 32

    What occurs after the DNA is copied and doubled in binary fission?

    The cell splits into two daughter cells

  • 33

    How are the daughter cells produced by binary fission related to the parent cell?

    They are genetically identical

  • 34

    What type of reproduction is binary fission?

    Asexual reproduction

  • 35

    Which microorganism performs a similar process to binary fission called budding?

    Yeast

  • 36

    How is budding different from binary fission?

    The new cell develops from the surface of the existing cell

  • 37

    What happens during the budding process?

    A new cell develops from the surface of the existing cell

  • 38

    Which of the following organisms undergo binary fission?

    Bacteria

  • 39

    Is binary fission an asexual or sexual process?

    Asexual

  • 40

    What is the main characteristic of daughter cells produced by binary fission?

    They are genetically identical to the parent cell

  • 41

    What occurs during the lag phase of bacterial growth?

    Cells prepare for rapid division by making ATP and other macromolecules

  • 42

    What characterizes the log phase of bacterial growth?

    Exponential growth of bacteria

  • 43

    During the stationary phase of bacterial growth, what happens to the bacteria population?

    The growth rate slows and levels off due to limited nutrients and toxins

  • 44

    What happens during the death or decline phase of bacterial growth?

    Waste accumulation and nutrient depletion lead to an exponential decrease in the population

  • 45

    What is the primary reason for the slowdown in bacterial growth during the stationary phase?

    Limited nutrients and accumulation of toxins

  • 46

    Which type of bacteria prefer cold environments, usually from below freezing to around 20°C?

    Psychrophiles

  • 47

    What temperature range do mesophiles prefer?

    20-37°C

  • 48

    Which bacteria can grow in temperatures as high as 70-80°C?

    Extreme thermophiles

  • 49

    What is the optimal temperature for E. coli, a common mesophile?

    37°C

  • 50

    What type of bacteria thrive in temperatures between 45-60°C?

    Thermophiles

  • 51

    What is the role of moisture in bacterial growth?

    It allows bacteria to form spores and survive in dry conditions

  • 52

    Which of the following bacteria are adapted to high-pressure environments, like those deep under the ocean?

    Barophiles

  • 53

    What is the primary challenge to bacteria in a hypertonic solution?

    High solute concentration

  • 54

    Which type of bacteria thrives in high-salt environments?

    Halophiles

  • 55

    What type of bacteria require oxygen for their metabolic pathways and cannot survive without it?

    Obligate aerobes

  • 56

    Which of the following bacteria can survive in environments with a low amount of oxygen, but they prefer more oxygen?

    Microaerophiles

  • 57

    What is the main difference between obligate anaerobes and facultative anaerobes?

    Facultative anaerobes can switch between aerobic and anaerobic environments

  • 58

    Where would you expect to find growth in a thioglycolate tube for an obligate anaerobe?

    At the bottom, where oxygen is absent

  • 59

    Which type of bacteria are able to tolerate oxygen but do not use it in their metabolic pathways?

    Aerotolerant anaerobes

  • 60

    What distinguishes organic sources of nutrients from inorganic sources for bacteria?

    Organic sources contain carbon skeletons, while inorganic sources do not.

  • 61

    Which of the following is an example of an inorganic source of nutrients for bacteria?

    Carbon dioxide

  • 62

    Why are carbon, nitrogen, sulfur, and phosphorus essential for bacterial growth?

    They are necessary for the synthesis of key macromolecules and cellular processes.

  • 63

    What is the primary role of carbon for bacteria?

    To provide energy by breaking down glucose

  • 64

    Which of the following is a source of nitrogen that bacteria can use for growth?

    Nitrate

  • 65

    How do bacteria use sulfur in their cellular processes?

    To make amino acids and coenzymes

  • 66

    What is the role of phosphorus in bacteria?

    It is used to make ATP and nucleic acids

  • 67

    Which element is essential for bacteria to synthesize amino acids?

    Sulfur

  • 68

    What is the purpose of selective media?

    To prevent the growth of certain organisms while promoting others

  • 69

    How does differential media help in identifying bacteria?

    It changes color to indicate the presence of certain bacteria

  • 70

    What is an example of a medium that is both selective and differential?

    Mannitol salt agar (MSA)

  • 71

    What does mannitol fermentation on a MSA plate indicate?

    The bacteria produce acid, turning the plate yellow

  • 72

    Why is mannitol salt agar (MSA) selective for certain bacteria?

    It contains high salt concentrations that only some bacteria can survive in

  • 73

    What is enrichment media used for?

    To increase the growth of specific bacteria by providing extra nutrients

  • 74

    How does blood agar act as enrichment media?

    It provides extra nutrients for some bacteria to grow better

  • 75

    What is the function of a shaking incubator in microbiology?

    To introduce oxygen to aerobic bacteria

  • 76

    What method is used to grow anaerobic bacteria in a candle jar?

    Lighting a candle to consume the oxygen in the jar

  • 77

    How do gas packs and campy packs help in the growth of anaerobic bacteria?

    They create an environment with low oxygen by removing oxygen from the jar

  • 78

    What is the main function of DNA in a cell?

    To provide instructions on how to make proteins

  • 79

    Which of the following is NOT a component of a nucleotide?

    A protein

  • 80

    What type of sugar is found in the nucleotides of DNA?

    Deoxyribose

  • 81

    Which nitrogenous base is found in RNA but not DNA?

    Uracil

  • 82

    What is the shape of a DNA molecule?

    Double helix

  • 83

    Which nitrogenous bases pair together in DNA?

    Adenine and Thymine, Guanine and Cytosine

  • 84

    What is the function of mRNA in the cell?

    To carry genetic information from DNA to the ribosome for protein synthesis

  • 85

    What is a plasmid in bacteria?

    A small circular DNA molecule

  • 86

    How many base pairs does the human genome contain?

    3 billion

  • 87

    Which of the following is a key difference between DNA and RNA?

    DNA has thymine, while RNA has uracil

  • 88

    What shape does tRNA form?

    T-shape

  • 89

    What is the purpose of base pairing in DNA?

    To hold the two strands of the double helix together

  • 90

    In prokaryotic cells, what form does DNA typically take?

    Circular chromosomes and plasmids

  • 91

    Which of the following types of RNA is responsible for carrying genetic information from the DNA to the ribosome?

    mRNA

  • 92

    Which of the following is the correct pairing for a base pair in DNA?

    Adenine and Thymine

  • test 1

    test 1

    ユーザ名非公開 · 100問 · 1年前

    test 1

    test 1

    100問 • 1年前
    ユーザ名非公開

    lab practical

    lab practical

    ユーザ名非公開 · 26問 · 1年前

    lab practical

    lab practical

    26問 • 1年前
    ユーザ名非公開

    FINAL TEST!

    FINAL TEST!

    ユーザ名非公開 · 49問 · 1年前

    FINAL TEST!

    FINAL TEST!

    49問 • 1年前
    ユーザ名非公開

    lecture test #1 🥲

    lecture test #1 🥲

    ユーザ名非公開 · 16問 · 11ヶ月前

    lecture test #1 🥲

    lecture test #1 🥲

    16問 • 11ヶ月前
    ユーザ名非公開

    lecture test #1 🥲new

    lecture test #1 🥲new

    ユーザ名非公開 · 24問 · 11ヶ月前

    lecture test #1 🥲new

    lecture test #1 🥲new

    24問 • 11ヶ月前
    ユーザ名非公開

    physiology testtt

    physiology testtt

    ユーザ名非公開 · 53問 · 11ヶ月前

    physiology testtt

    physiology testtt

    53問 • 11ヶ月前
    ユーザ名非公開

    microbiology test

    microbiology test

    ユーザ名非公開 · 39問 · 11ヶ月前

    microbiology test

    microbiology test

    39問 • 11ヶ月前
    ユーザ名非公開

    lab practical again

    lab practical again

    ユーザ名非公開 · 24問 · 11ヶ月前

    lab practical again

    lab practical again

    24問 • 11ヶ月前
    ユーザ名非公開

    microbiology

    microbiology

    ユーザ名非公開 · 12問 · 10ヶ月前

    microbiology

    microbiology

    12問 • 10ヶ月前
    ユーザ名非公開

    new

    new

    ユーザ名非公開 · 37問 · 10ヶ月前

    new

    new

    37問 • 10ヶ月前
    ユーザ名非公開

    ethics test 1

    ethics test 1

    ユーザ名非公開 · 41問 · 10ヶ月前

    ethics test 1

    ethics test 1

    41問 • 10ヶ月前
    ユーザ名非公開

    lab practical!!!

    lab practical!!!

    ユーザ名非公開 · 99問 · 9ヶ月前

    lab practical!!!

    lab practical!!!

    99問 • 9ヶ月前
    ユーザ名非公開

    問題一覧

  • 1

    What is the main purpose of metabolism in cells?

    B) To produce ATP for cellular functions

  • 2

    Which of the following is NOT a macromolecule that cells acquire for energy production?

    C) Nucleic acids

  • 3

    How do autotrophs obtain carbon for energy storage?

    B) By absorbing CO₂ from the environment

  • 4

    Which organisms use light as their energy source and CO₂ as their carbon source?

    A) Photoautotrophs

  • 5

    What do chemoautotrophs use as their energy source?

    C) Inorganic chemicals like iron and sulfur

  • 6

    Which type of organism must consume other organisms to obtain carbon?

    B) Heterotroph

  • 7

    Which group of organisms includes humans?

    D) Chemoheterotrophs

  • 8

    Photoheterotrophs obtain their energy from __ and their carbon from __.

    B) Light; organic molecules

  • 9

    Which type of bacteria can use light as an energy source but still require organic carbon sources?

    A) Purple non-sulfur bacteria

  • 10

    What is the function of ATP in a cell?

    C) To provide energy for cellular processes

  • 11

    Where is energy stored in glucose?

    B) In the bonds between its atoms

  • 12

    What process breaks down glucose to release energy?

    B) Glycolysis

  • 13

    What does ATP stand for?

    A) Adenosine triphosphate

  • 14

    What type of reaction is responsible for charging ATP?

    C) Dehydration synthesis

  • 15

    In a redox reaction, what happens when a molecule is oxidized?

    B) It loses an electron

  • 16

    What happens when a molecule is reduced in a redox reaction?

    B) It gains an electron

  • 17

    Which molecule acts like a fully charged battery for the cell?

    B) ATP

  • 18

    Which process involves thousands of chemical reactions happening throughout a cell?

    A) Metabolism

  • 19

    Which term describes the reshuffling of atoms in three-dimensional space to make new products?

    B) Chemical reaction

  • 20

    Why is it important to focus on the big picture of metabolism rather than every individual reaction?

    B) Because it’s impossible to memorize every reaction

  • 21

    What is an enzyme?

    A protein that speeds up chemical reactions

  • 22

    What is the role of the enzyme’s active site?

    It is where the enzyme bonds with the substrate

  • 23

    What happens if the enzyme’s shape changes?

    The enzyme will no longer be able to fit the substrate

  • 24

    What is the apoenzyme?

    The protein part of the enzyme

  • 25

    What is a coenzyme?

    A small organic molecule, often from vitamins, that helps the enzyme function

  • 26

    What is the holoenzyme?

    The complete enzyme with all parts (apoenzyme, coenzyme/cofactor, and substrate)

  • 27

    Why do cells break down molecules like glucose in many small steps?

    To store energy in the form of ATP

  • 28

    What happens if an enzyme is not functioning properly in a metabolic process?

    The cell will not be able to complete the process and make ATP

  • 29

    What factor can regulate enzyme activity?

    Temperature

  • 30

    What happens to most enzymes if the temperature becomes too high?

    The enzyme will become denatured and break down

  • 31

    What happens to the DNA of the bacterial cell during binary fission?

    The DNA is copied and doubled

  • 32

    What occurs after the DNA is copied and doubled in binary fission?

    The cell splits into two daughter cells

  • 33

    How are the daughter cells produced by binary fission related to the parent cell?

    They are genetically identical

  • 34

    What type of reproduction is binary fission?

    Asexual reproduction

  • 35

    Which microorganism performs a similar process to binary fission called budding?

    Yeast

  • 36

    How is budding different from binary fission?

    The new cell develops from the surface of the existing cell

  • 37

    What happens during the budding process?

    A new cell develops from the surface of the existing cell

  • 38

    Which of the following organisms undergo binary fission?

    Bacteria

  • 39

    Is binary fission an asexual or sexual process?

    Asexual

  • 40

    What is the main characteristic of daughter cells produced by binary fission?

    They are genetically identical to the parent cell

  • 41

    What occurs during the lag phase of bacterial growth?

    Cells prepare for rapid division by making ATP and other macromolecules

  • 42

    What characterizes the log phase of bacterial growth?

    Exponential growth of bacteria

  • 43

    During the stationary phase of bacterial growth, what happens to the bacteria population?

    The growth rate slows and levels off due to limited nutrients and toxins

  • 44

    What happens during the death or decline phase of bacterial growth?

    Waste accumulation and nutrient depletion lead to an exponential decrease in the population

  • 45

    What is the primary reason for the slowdown in bacterial growth during the stationary phase?

    Limited nutrients and accumulation of toxins

  • 46

    Which type of bacteria prefer cold environments, usually from below freezing to around 20°C?

    Psychrophiles

  • 47

    What temperature range do mesophiles prefer?

    20-37°C

  • 48

    Which bacteria can grow in temperatures as high as 70-80°C?

    Extreme thermophiles

  • 49

    What is the optimal temperature for E. coli, a common mesophile?

    37°C

  • 50

    What type of bacteria thrive in temperatures between 45-60°C?

    Thermophiles

  • 51

    What is the role of moisture in bacterial growth?

    It allows bacteria to form spores and survive in dry conditions

  • 52

    Which of the following bacteria are adapted to high-pressure environments, like those deep under the ocean?

    Barophiles

  • 53

    What is the primary challenge to bacteria in a hypertonic solution?

    High solute concentration

  • 54

    Which type of bacteria thrives in high-salt environments?

    Halophiles

  • 55

    What type of bacteria require oxygen for their metabolic pathways and cannot survive without it?

    Obligate aerobes

  • 56

    Which of the following bacteria can survive in environments with a low amount of oxygen, but they prefer more oxygen?

    Microaerophiles

  • 57

    What is the main difference between obligate anaerobes and facultative anaerobes?

    Facultative anaerobes can switch between aerobic and anaerobic environments

  • 58

    Where would you expect to find growth in a thioglycolate tube for an obligate anaerobe?

    At the bottom, where oxygen is absent

  • 59

    Which type of bacteria are able to tolerate oxygen but do not use it in their metabolic pathways?

    Aerotolerant anaerobes

  • 60

    What distinguishes organic sources of nutrients from inorganic sources for bacteria?

    Organic sources contain carbon skeletons, while inorganic sources do not.

  • 61

    Which of the following is an example of an inorganic source of nutrients for bacteria?

    Carbon dioxide

  • 62

    Why are carbon, nitrogen, sulfur, and phosphorus essential for bacterial growth?

    They are necessary for the synthesis of key macromolecules and cellular processes.

  • 63

    What is the primary role of carbon for bacteria?

    To provide energy by breaking down glucose

  • 64

    Which of the following is a source of nitrogen that bacteria can use for growth?

    Nitrate

  • 65

    How do bacteria use sulfur in their cellular processes?

    To make amino acids and coenzymes

  • 66

    What is the role of phosphorus in bacteria?

    It is used to make ATP and nucleic acids

  • 67

    Which element is essential for bacteria to synthesize amino acids?

    Sulfur

  • 68

    What is the purpose of selective media?

    To prevent the growth of certain organisms while promoting others

  • 69

    How does differential media help in identifying bacteria?

    It changes color to indicate the presence of certain bacteria

  • 70

    What is an example of a medium that is both selective and differential?

    Mannitol salt agar (MSA)

  • 71

    What does mannitol fermentation on a MSA plate indicate?

    The bacteria produce acid, turning the plate yellow

  • 72

    Why is mannitol salt agar (MSA) selective for certain bacteria?

    It contains high salt concentrations that only some bacteria can survive in

  • 73

    What is enrichment media used for?

    To increase the growth of specific bacteria by providing extra nutrients

  • 74

    How does blood agar act as enrichment media?

    It provides extra nutrients for some bacteria to grow better

  • 75

    What is the function of a shaking incubator in microbiology?

    To introduce oxygen to aerobic bacteria

  • 76

    What method is used to grow anaerobic bacteria in a candle jar?

    Lighting a candle to consume the oxygen in the jar

  • 77

    How do gas packs and campy packs help in the growth of anaerobic bacteria?

    They create an environment with low oxygen by removing oxygen from the jar

  • 78

    What is the main function of DNA in a cell?

    To provide instructions on how to make proteins

  • 79

    Which of the following is NOT a component of a nucleotide?

    A protein

  • 80

    What type of sugar is found in the nucleotides of DNA?

    Deoxyribose

  • 81

    Which nitrogenous base is found in RNA but not DNA?

    Uracil

  • 82

    What is the shape of a DNA molecule?

    Double helix

  • 83

    Which nitrogenous bases pair together in DNA?

    Adenine and Thymine, Guanine and Cytosine

  • 84

    What is the function of mRNA in the cell?

    To carry genetic information from DNA to the ribosome for protein synthesis

  • 85

    What is a plasmid in bacteria?

    A small circular DNA molecule

  • 86

    How many base pairs does the human genome contain?

    3 billion

  • 87

    Which of the following is a key difference between DNA and RNA?

    DNA has thymine, while RNA has uracil

  • 88

    What shape does tRNA form?

    T-shape

  • 89

    What is the purpose of base pairing in DNA?

    To hold the two strands of the double helix together

  • 90

    In prokaryotic cells, what form does DNA typically take?

    Circular chromosomes and plasmids

  • 91

    Which of the following types of RNA is responsible for carrying genetic information from the DNA to the ribosome?

    mRNA

  • 92

    Which of the following is the correct pairing for a base pair in DNA?

    Adenine and Thymine