SciTech

100問 • 1年前

問題一覧

From the old notion that suggests science as an organized body of knowledge, wisdom, and experiences concerning the natural and physical world, this conception has evolved to include attitudes, processes, and skills through which science as a body of knowledge is formed

(Pawilen 2006).

science as the "observation, identification, description, experimental investigation, and theoretical explanation of natural phenomena,"

American Heritage Dictionary (2004)

science is "an ongoing theoretical dialogue with nature," focusing on developing reasoning skills to understand nature

Snir et al. (2003)

science is a way of understanding the world and human interactions within it.

Cobern (1993)

"A human endeavor within which people try to make sense of the environment and a worldview that is built around practices that purport to guide the individual towards a personal understanding."

Watters and Diezmann (2003)

"An intellectual as well as a social activity carried out by humans in their pursuit to have a better understanding of the natural world."

Gribbin (2003)

science as a cultural as well as individual process of thoughts

Cajete (1999)

define science in relation to scientific literacy that includes: processes, skills, concepts, and the ability to communicate ideas based on reasons.

Bybee (1997), Thier, and Daviss (2002)

It is a process of finding out and a system for organizing and reporting discoveries

(Lind 1997)

describes science as both a cultural and individual process of thought.

Cajete (1999)

Science can also be viewed as a form of "social language" within the scientific community

(Scott, Asoko, & Leach, 2007).

- The idea of social language was adapted from this person

Bakhtin's (1993

it is a form of conversation curious to a certain stratum of society within a system at a given time.

Bakhtin's (1993

It includes ideas, beliefs, theories, and systematic reasons and observations about the natural and physical world.

· It is an Idea

It involves human activities aimed at acquiring a better understanding of the world.

· It is a Personal and Social Activity

It is a subject in basic education and a discipline in higher education focused on teaching and learning about the natural and physical world, commonly referred to as school science.

It is a Course or Field of Study

It involves a methodical and applied study of the natural and physical world through observation and experimentation.

It is an Intellectual Activity

occurred from the 16th to 18th century in Europe, fueled by the invention of printing machines and a surge in intellectual activities among scholars.

Scientific Revolution

Science is not exclusively a European invention. Ancient civilizations around the world had their own unique and sophisticated traditions in fields like science, technology, medicine, and mathematics.

scientific Revolution

is an era of enlightenment and intellectualization that nurtured the developments in the fields of mathematics, physics, astronomy, biology, and chemistry that changed the observations of society about the environment.

Scientific Revolution

It modernizes the understanding and practices of science and gave birth to the scientific processes and experimentations.

scientific Revolution

is a golden age for the people committed to principles of science.

Scientific Revolution

The opposing views between religion and science, did not hamper the spirit of scientists to pursue their scientific studies.

Scientific Revolution

perfected the conduct of scientific studies, experiments, and observations.

Scientific Revolution

led to the creation of new research fields in science and inspired the formation of strong institutions for modern science.

Scientific Revolution

are inspired by their curiosity, critical thinking, and creativity to explore the physical and natural world. - Their love for science is driven by their deep passion to know and to discover. - are ordinary people doing extraordinary things for humankind.

Scientists

idea and model of the universe was completed. He later shared a summary of his work with a few close friends in a manuscript called Commentariolus (Little Commentary).

Copernicus

often cited as the start of the Scientific Revolution. In 1543

De Revolutionibus Orbium Coelestium (On the Revolutions of the Heavenly Spheres)

Recognized as one of the prominent figures of the Renaissance in science.

Nicolaus Copernicus

astronomical knowledge had remained largely unchanged for about 1500 years

Gribbin, 2003

resembled ancient Greek philosophers in that he did not engage in extensive observation or invite validation for his ideas. His scientific ideas can be considered early examples of what is known today as a thought experiment.

Nicolaus Copernicus

After earning his doctorate, he was appointed as a canon at Frombork Cathedral in Poland.

Copernicus

Copernicus was influenced by what book?

Epitome, published by Johannes Müller (Regiomontanus) in 1546, which contained observations of the heavens and commentary on earlier works, particularly that of Ptolemy.

Copernicus outlined two kinds of planetary motion

• The paths of Venus and Mercury are inside the Earth's path, so they are closer to the Sun. • The paths of Mars, Saturn, and Jupiter are outside the Earth's path, making them farther from the Sun.

Who banned Copernicus idea for the whole 16th century?

Roman Catholic Church

known for his theory of evolution, which changed how we understand the creation and development of life on Earth.

Charles Darwin

"A genius who came from a line of intellectually gifted and wealthy family." (Johnson, 2012)

Charles Darwin

His interest in natural history began while he was a student at Shrewsbury School, where he spent time observing nature, collecting specimens, and reading in his father’s library (Gribbin, 2003).

Charles Darwin

Darwin's life changed when one of his professors encouraged him to join a five-year expedition on the

HMS Beagle to the Galapagos Islands.

considered one of the most important works in science.

The Origin of Species (1859)

introduced the idea that all living beings, including humans, are part of evolutionary processes.

The Descent of Man

Darwin made significant contributions to

evolutionary biology and the philosophy of science

famous in the field of psychology.

Sigmund Freud

described by Rosenfels (1980) as "a towering literary figure and a talented communicator" who raised awareness about psychological issues.

Sigmund Freud

He developed a significant method called psychoanalysis, which is used to gather reliable data about human behavior. Freud believed this method was an excellent way to study the human mind and neurotic illnesses scientifically.

Sigmund Freud

He was not a conventional thinker. According to Weiner (2016), his psychoanalytic method successfully understood neurological conditions that were previously unknown in medicine. His approach was unorthodox, emphasizing the darker aspects of human nature and sexuality, which challenged both scholars and the general public. Many found his ideas, especially regarding human sexuality, difficult to accept.

Sigmund Freud

was born after the scientific revolution, yet his influence extends across many areas, including art, literature, philosophy, politics, and psychotherapy.

Sigmund Freud

primary contribution of Nicolaus Copernicus to the scientific revolution

Heliocentric model of the universe

Mesoamerica covers

Central America, from southern Mexico to the border of South America.

Before European colonizers, the Mesoamerican region is known for its

rich culture and indigenous knowledge system.

The Mayan civilization lasted for approximately

2000 years

Mayans are known for

Astronomy

Example of Mayan Astronomical Observation

the pyramid at Chichén Itzá aligns with the sun during the spring and fall equinoxes.

Mayan Astronomical Observation

predict eclipses and use astrological cycles in agriculture.

Hydraulic Systems

Mayans

looms for weaving cloth and made glittery paints from mica. They may be the first to produce rubber products.

The Mayans

They are the most scientifically advanced people in Mesoamerica.

The Mayans

Writing System

Mayan hieroglyphics

Created a number system based on the numeral 20 and developed the concept of zero and positional value

Mayans

The Incan civilization is renowned for:

1. Building roads covered with stones. 2. Constructing stone structures that could survive earthquakes. 3. Developing quipu, a system of knotted ropes for records. 4. Inventing a calendar with 12 months for religious festivals and planting seasons. 5. Developing irrigation systems for crops. 6. Building the first suspension bridge. 7. Creating Inca textiles.

Aztec civilization Contributions

1. Mandatory Education 2. Antispasmodic Medication 3. Chinampa 4. Invention of the canoe 5. Chocolates 6. Aztec Calendar

the largest continent, is home to diverse cultural, economic, scientific, and political activities. Civilizations like India, China, and those in the Middle East made significant contributions to science, technology, and mathematics.

Asia

a peninsula bordered by vast bodies of water and fortified by northern mountains. They developed useful ideas and technologies, known for their metallurgical works and manufacturing of high-quality iron.

India

a system of traditional medicine originated in ancient India before 2500 BC, utilizing medicinal properties of plants for various illnesses.

Ayurveda

Ancient texts, like -- describe surgical and medical procedures of the time.

Susruta Samhita

Ancient Indians developed theories on the universe's configuration,

the spherical self-supporting Earth, and a year of 360 days divided into 12 parts of 30 days each.

The Siddhanta Shiromani, written in the 12th century, covers topics like:

o Mean longitudes of the planets o True longitudes of the planets o Diurnal rotation o Lunar and solar eclipses o Planetary risings and settings

The Indus Valley civilization standardized measurement of length and designed the

Mohenjo-Daro Ruler

introduced trigonometric functions and algorithms(of trigonometric functions trigonometric tables, and techniques and algorithms of algebra) in his Aryabhatiya.

Aryabhata (476-550)

In 628 AD, he suggested that "gravity was a force of attraction" and explained the use of zero as both a placeholder and a decimal digit, contributing to the Hindu-Arabic numeral system used worldwide.

Brahmagupta: In 628 AD

Considered the founder of mathematical analysis.

Madhava of Sangamagrama

one of the ancient civilizations that made significant contributions to philosophy, music, art, science, mathematics, medicine, and astronomy

China

one of the acknowledged Chinese medical techniques.

Acupuncture

well-known discoveries attributed to the Chinese.

Compass, papermaking, gunpowder, and printing equipment

Chinese Contribution to Astronomy

• Recorded data on supernovas, lunar and solar eclipses, and comets to understand heavenly bodies and their effects on Earth (Maya 1939). • Observed celestial bodies to predict weather changes and seasons. • Developed knowledge in seismology for preparedness during natural calamities.

The spread of Islam in the 7th and 8th centuries brought a period of scholarship known as the

Golden Age of Islam until the 13th century.

Contributing factors to the intellectualization of Muslims

• Common Arabic language. • Access to Greek writings during the Byzantine Empire. • Proximity to India.

regarded as the "Father of Optics" for his empirical proof of the intromission theory of light.

Ibn al-Haytham

The concept of an algorithm is named after

Muhammad ibn Musa al-Khwarizmi.

• The word "algebra" comes from

"al-jabr,"

Muslim mathematicians improved the Arabic numeral system, including

Decimal Point Notation

considered the "Father of Chemistry."

Jäbir ibn Hayyan

founded experimental medicine and conducted clinical trials.

Ibn Sina

Ibn Sina contribution to medicine

Book of Healing and The Canon of Medicine. Contributions include detecting the contagious nature of diseases and establishing clinical pharmacology.

The Golden Age of Muslim science declined in the 11th to 13th century due to

the Mongol destruction of libraries and learning institutions.

has abundant natural resources and minerals; science developed before European arrival.

Africa

were knowledge creators in science and mathematics.

Early African civilizations

Contributions of ancient Egyptian culture:

• Astronomy, mathematics, and medicine benefited greatly. • Geometry arose to preserve land ownership and design. • Rectilinear constructions in Egyptian architecture used geometric principles. • enormous pyramids of Egypt, the ancient Egyptian towns, and the earliest dams constructed to redirect water from the Nile River.

recognized as a hub for alchemy, the precursor to chemistry.

Egypt

used empirical methods to understand human anatomy and pharmacology.

Egyptians

African Astronomy practiced

lunar, solar, and stellar calendars to predict seasons and climates.

dated from 35,000 BCE, may have been a tool for multiplication, division, and simple calculations or a six-month lunar calendar; it is the oldest known mathematical artifact.

Lebombo Bone

Indigenous technology was used in:

o Building homes o Planting various crops o Fishing and hunting for food o Constructing irrigation systems

 Subjects in schools allowed limited students to advance their knowledge in various topics, including:

o Human body o Nonliving things o Plants and animals o Heavenly bodies

Spaniards introduced engineering works, including:

o Bridges o Highways o Waterways o Boats o Railway systems

 Spaniards constructed buildings and introduced:

o Gas lamps o House tools o Musical instruments o Farming tools

the first modern research university,

The University of the Philippines

 World War II weakened the country's economic growth

o Institutions and public facilities were destroyed. o Houses were burned. o Many lives were lost.

 Rebuilding the country was prioritized.  Explored overseas development aid (ODA) from the US and Japan to:

o Develop human resources. o Improve scientific productivity. o Enhance technological capability.

100

 New research was conducted in:

o Nutrition o Medicine o Basic sciences o Agriculture

art app pt. 1

Mampusti Marlojayke · 100問 · 1年前

art app pt. 1

100問 • 1年前

Mampusti Marlojayke

Art App pt. 2

Mampusti Marlojayke · 72問 · 1年前

Art App pt. 2

72問 • 1年前

Mampusti Marlojayke

問題一覧

(Pawilen 2006).

science as the "observation, identification, description, experimental investigation, and theoretical explanation of natural phenomena,"

American Heritage Dictionary (2004)

science is "an ongoing theoretical dialogue with nature," focusing on developing reasoning skills to understand nature

Snir et al. (2003)

science is a way of understanding the world and human interactions within it.

Cobern (1993)

"A human endeavor within which people try to make sense of the environment and a worldview that is built around practices that purport to guide the individual towards a personal understanding."

Watters and Diezmann (2003)

"An intellectual as well as a social activity carried out by humans in their pursuit to have a better understanding of the natural world."

Gribbin (2003)

science as a cultural as well as individual process of thoughts

Cajete (1999)

define science in relation to scientific literacy that includes: processes, skills, concepts, and the ability to communicate ideas based on reasons.

Bybee (1997), Thier, and Daviss (2002)

It is a process of finding out and a system for organizing and reporting discoveries

(Lind 1997)

describes science as both a cultural and individual process of thought.

Cajete (1999)

Science can also be viewed as a form of "social language" within the scientific community

(Scott, Asoko, & Leach, 2007).

- The idea of social language was adapted from this person

Bakhtin's (1993

it is a form of conversation curious to a certain stratum of society within a system at a given time.

Bakhtin's (1993

It includes ideas, beliefs, theories, and systematic reasons and observations about the natural and physical world.

· It is an Idea

It involves human activities aimed at acquiring a better understanding of the world.

· It is a Personal and Social Activity

It is a subject in basic education and a discipline in higher education focused on teaching and learning about the natural and physical world, commonly referred to as school science.

It is a Course or Field of Study

It involves a methodical and applied study of the natural and physical world through observation and experimentation.

It is an Intellectual Activity

occurred from the 16th to 18th century in Europe, fueled by the invention of printing machines and a surge in intellectual activities among scholars.

Scientific Revolution

scientific Revolution

Scientific Revolution

It modernizes the understanding and practices of science and gave birth to the scientific processes and experimentations.

scientific Revolution

is a golden age for the people committed to principles of science.

Scientific Revolution

The opposing views between religion and science, did not hamper the spirit of scientists to pursue their scientific studies.

Scientific Revolution

perfected the conduct of scientific studies, experiments, and observations.

Scientific Revolution

led to the creation of new research fields in science and inspired the formation of strong institutions for modern science.

Scientific Revolution

Scientists

idea and model of the universe was completed. He later shared a summary of his work with a few close friends in a manuscript called Commentariolus (Little Commentary).

Copernicus

often cited as the start of the Scientific Revolution. In 1543

De Revolutionibus Orbium Coelestium (On the Revolutions of the Heavenly Spheres)

Recognized as one of the prominent figures of the Renaissance in science.

Nicolaus Copernicus

astronomical knowledge had remained largely unchanged for about 1500 years

Gribbin, 2003

Nicolaus Copernicus

After earning his doctorate, he was appointed as a canon at Frombork Cathedral in Poland.

Copernicus

Copernicus was influenced by what book?

Epitome, published by Johannes Müller (Regiomontanus) in 1546, which contained observations of the heavens and commentary on earlier works, particularly that of Ptolemy.

Copernicus outlined two kinds of planetary motion

Who banned Copernicus idea for the whole 16th century?

Roman Catholic Church

known for his theory of evolution, which changed how we understand the creation and development of life on Earth.

Charles Darwin

"A genius who came from a line of intellectually gifted and wealthy family." (Johnson, 2012)

Charles Darwin

His interest in natural history began while he was a student at Shrewsbury School, where he spent time observing nature, collecting specimens, and reading in his father’s library (Gribbin, 2003).

Charles Darwin

Darwin's life changed when one of his professors encouraged him to join a five-year expedition on the

HMS Beagle to the Galapagos Islands.

considered one of the most important works in science.

The Origin of Species (1859)

introduced the idea that all living beings, including humans, are part of evolutionary processes.

The Descent of Man

Darwin made significant contributions to

evolutionary biology and the philosophy of science

famous in the field of psychology.

Sigmund Freud

described by Rosenfels (1980) as "a towering literary figure and a talented communicator" who raised awareness about psychological issues.

Sigmund Freud

was born after the scientific revolution, yet his influence extends across many areas, including art, literature, philosophy, politics, and psychotherapy.

Sigmund Freud

primary contribution of Nicolaus Copernicus to the scientific revolution

Heliocentric model of the universe

Mesoamerica covers

Central America, from southern Mexico to the border of South America.

Before European colonizers, the Mesoamerican region is known for its

rich culture and indigenous knowledge system.

The Mayan civilization lasted for approximately

2000 years

Mayans are known for

Astronomy

Example of Mayan Astronomical Observation

the pyramid at Chichén Itzá aligns with the sun during the spring and fall equinoxes.

Mayan Astronomical Observation

predict eclipses and use astrological cycles in agriculture.

Hydraulic Systems

Mayans

looms for weaving cloth and made glittery paints from mica. They may be the first to produce rubber products.

The Mayans

They are the most scientifically advanced people in Mesoamerica.

The Mayans

Writing System

Mayan hieroglyphics

Created a number system based on the numeral 20 and developed the concept of zero and positional value

Mayans

The Incan civilization is renowned for:

Aztec civilization Contributions

1. Mandatory Education 2. Antispasmodic Medication 3. Chinampa 4. Invention of the canoe 5. Chocolates 6. Aztec Calendar

Asia

India

a system of traditional medicine originated in ancient India before 2500 BC, utilizing medicinal properties of plants for various illnesses.

Ayurveda

Ancient texts, like -- describe surgical and medical procedures of the time.

Susruta Samhita

Ancient Indians developed theories on the universe's configuration,

the spherical self-supporting Earth, and a year of 360 days divided into 12 parts of 30 days each.

The Siddhanta Shiromani, written in the 12th century, covers topics like:

o Mean longitudes of the planets o True longitudes of the planets o Diurnal rotation o Lunar and solar eclipses o Planetary risings and settings

The Indus Valley civilization standardized measurement of length and designed the

Mohenjo-Daro Ruler

introduced trigonometric functions and algorithms(of trigonometric functions trigonometric tables, and techniques and algorithms of algebra) in his Aryabhatiya.

Aryabhata (476-550)

Brahmagupta: In 628 AD

Considered the founder of mathematical analysis.

Madhava of Sangamagrama

one of the ancient civilizations that made significant contributions to philosophy, music, art, science, mathematics, medicine, and astronomy

China

one of the acknowledged Chinese medical techniques.

Acupuncture

well-known discoveries attributed to the Chinese.

Compass, papermaking, gunpowder, and printing equipment

Chinese Contribution to Astronomy

The spread of Islam in the 7th and 8th centuries brought a period of scholarship known as the

Golden Age of Islam until the 13th century.

Contributing factors to the intellectualization of Muslims

• Common Arabic language. • Access to Greek writings during the Byzantine Empire. • Proximity to India.

regarded as the "Father of Optics" for his empirical proof of the intromission theory of light.

Ibn al-Haytham

The concept of an algorithm is named after

Muhammad ibn Musa al-Khwarizmi.

• The word "algebra" comes from

"al-jabr,"

Muslim mathematicians improved the Arabic numeral system, including

Decimal Point Notation

considered the "Father of Chemistry."

Jäbir ibn Hayyan

founded experimental medicine and conducted clinical trials.

Ibn Sina

Ibn Sina contribution to medicine

Book of Healing and The Canon of Medicine. Contributions include detecting the contagious nature of diseases and establishing clinical pharmacology.

The Golden Age of Muslim science declined in the 11th to 13th century due to

the Mongol destruction of libraries and learning institutions.

has abundant natural resources and minerals; science developed before European arrival.

Africa

were knowledge creators in science and mathematics.

Early African civilizations

Contributions of ancient Egyptian culture:

recognized as a hub for alchemy, the precursor to chemistry.

Egypt

used empirical methods to understand human anatomy and pharmacology.

Egyptians

African Astronomy practiced

lunar, solar, and stellar calendars to predict seasons and climates.

dated from 35,000 BCE, may have been a tool for multiplication, division, and simple calculations or a six-month lunar calendar; it is the oldest known mathematical artifact.

Lebombo Bone

Indigenous technology was used in:

o Building homes o Planting various crops o Fishing and hunting for food o Constructing irrigation systems

 Subjects in schools allowed limited students to advance their knowledge in various topics, including:

o Human body o Nonliving things o Plants and animals o Heavenly bodies

Spaniards introduced engineering works, including:

o Bridges o Highways o Waterways o Boats o Railway systems

 Spaniards constructed buildings and introduced:

o Gas lamps o House tools o Musical instruments o Farming tools

the first modern research university,

The University of the Philippines

 World War II weakened the country's economic growth

o Institutions and public facilities were destroyed. o Houses were burned. o Many lives were lost.

 Rebuilding the country was prioritized.  Explored overseas development aid (ODA) from the US and Japan to:

o Develop human resources. o Improve scientific productivity. o Enhance technological capability.

100

 New research was conducted in:

o Nutrition o Medicine o Basic sciences o Agriculture