問題一覧
1
is relating to or involving conscious intellectual activity
Cognitive
2
is relating to or arising from feelings influenced by emotions.
Affective
3
sees the “self” as a product of social interactions, developed overtime through social activities and experiences.
Sociology
4
sees the “self’ as having characteristics or properties that can be used to describe it.
Psychology
5
_____ views the “self” as a culturally shaped constructor idea.
_____ assert that it is an autonomous participant in the society as much as it is submerged in the community.
Anthropology
6
known for his method of inquiry in testing an idea.
“I Know That I Don’t Know”
“Know thyself”
“The unexamined life is not worth living”.
Socrates
7
“When the soul and body are together, nature assigns our body to be a slave and to be ruled and the soul to be ruler and master”
Socrates
8
“Balance between mind and body”.
Plato
9
"The soul is immortal."
Plato
10
Described soul into 3 parts
1. rational soul is reasons and intellect, 2.spirited soul is emotions,
3. appetitive soul desires
Plato
11
"The soul is immortal."
Followed the body and soul perspective.
Plato
12
"All knowledge leads to God."
St. Augustine
13
Infused the body and soul perspective with the doctrine of Christianity.
The body is bound to die and the soul is anticipated to live eternally in a spiritual bliss with God. (the soul stays after death while the body can only thrive in the physical world)
Augustine
14
"I think therefore I am."
Descartes
15
The thinking about what is self is the proof itself that there is a self.
Rene Descartes
16
"There is no self."
David Hume
17
Self is just an impression and the idea of self is merely fictitious.
David Hume
18
was a philosopher and physician and was one of the most influential enlightenment thinkers.
John Locke
19
“Human mind at birth is a tabula rasa, which means that knowledge is derived from experience”.
John Locke
20
“All knowledge is derived from human senses”.
David Hume
21
_____ along with John Locke and Bishop George Berkeley, was one of the three main figure heads of the influential British Empiricism movement.
David Hume
22
the most strong, enter the senses with most force, directly experience, and they result from inward and outward sentiments.
Impressions
23
less forcible and less lively, mechanisms that copy and reproduce sense data formulated based upon previously perceived impressions.
Ideas
24
Two kinds of consciousness of self (rationality):
1. Consciousness of oneself and one’s psychological states in
inner sense, and
2. Consciousness of oneself and one’s states by performing acts
of apperception.
TRUE
25
is the mental process by which a person makes sense of an idea by assimilating it to the body of ideas he or she already possesses.
Apperception
26
the self is not in the body, the self is outside the body.
Immanuel Kant
27
REASON is the final authority of morality. Morality is achieved only when there is absence of war because of the result of enlightenment.
Immanuel Kant
28
Which component of the self is aware of alterations in your own state. Includes your rational intellect and your psychological state; such as moods, feelings and sensations, pleasure and
pain.
Inner Self
29
Which component of the self includes your senses and the physical world.
It gathers information from the external world through the senses, which the inner self interprets and coherently expresses.
Outer Self
30
Kant proposes that the “self” organizes information in three ways:
1. Raw perpetual input
2. Recognizing the concept, and
3. Reproducing in the imagination.
TRUE
31
“Father of the Modern Western Philosophy”.
▪ Proposed that doubt was a principal tool of disciplined inquiry.
Rene Descartes
32
Philosopher, physiologist, and psychologist,
______ was one of the most influential thinkers of the 20th century.
Simund Freud
33
His most important contribution, particularly in psychology, was Psychoanalysis, a practice devised to treat those who are mentally ill through dialogue.
Sigmund Freud
34
deals with awareness of present perceptions, feelings, thoughts, memories, and fantasies at any particular moment
Conscious
35
related to data that can readily be brought to consciousness
Pre-conscious/subconscious
36
refers to data retained but not easily
available to the individual’s conscious awareness or scrutiny.
Unconscious
37
“Wish fulfillment is the road to the unconsciousness”
Sigmund Freud
38
is the totality of the human mind both conscious and unconscious.
Psyche
39
operates on the pleasure principle.
*Every wishful impulse should be satisfied immediately, regardless of the consequences.
*When the __ achieves its demands, you experience pleasure; when denied you experience “unpleasure” or tension
Id
40
it operates according to the reality principle.
*Works out realistic ways of satisfying the id’s demands (often compromising or postponing satisfaction to avoid
negative consequences of society).
*Considers social realities and norms, etiquette, and rules in deciding how to behave.
*If the ___ fails to use the reality principle, anxiety is experienced, and unconscious defend mechanisms are employed to help ward off unpleasant feelings.
Ego
41
incorporates the values and morals of society.
*its function is to control the id’s impulses.
*persuades the ego to choose moralistic goals and to strive for perfection rather than simply realistic ones
Superego
42
The superego consists of two systems:
1. Conscience
2. Ideal self
TRUE
43
if the ego gives in to the id’s demands, the
superego may make the person feel bad through guilt.
Conscience
44
– an imaginary picture of how you ought to be.
* represents career aspirations; how to treat other people; and how to behave as a member of the society.
Ideal self
45
____ is unaffected by reality, logic, or the everyday world as it operates within the unconscious part of the mind.
Id
46
idea that the mind is distinct from the body.
Descartes
47
"The self is the way people behave."
Gilbert Ryle
48
For _____, what truly matters is the behavior that a person manifests in his day-to-day life.
Ryle
49
____ suggests that the "self" is not an entity one can locate and analyze but simply the convenient name that people use to refer to all the behaviors that people make.
Ryle
50
The body acts what the mind perceives as a unified one.
Merleau Ponty
51
is a verb that means to give a body to (usually an immaterial substance like a soul).
Embodied
52
is the state of being a subject-an entity that possesses conscious experiences, such as perspectives, feelings, beliefs, and desires.
Subjectivity
53
*A phenomenologist who asserts that the mind-body bifurcation is invalid problem
*Mind and body are inseparable.
*Once body is his opening toward his existence to the world The living body, his thoughts, emotions, and experiences are ALL ONE.
Maurice Merleau-Ponty
54
“Physical body is an important part of the self”.
Maurice Merleau-Ponty
55
*American philosopher advocated the idea of eliminative materialism or the idea that the self is inseparable from the brain and the physiology of the body.
*All a person has is the brain and so, if the brain is gone, there is no self For him. The physical brain and not the imaginary mind, gives people the sense of self.
The self is the brain.
Paul Churchland
56
“The physical brain and NOT the imaginary mind gives us our sense of self”
Paul Churchland
57
posits that socially formed norms, beliefs, and values come to exist within the person to a degree where these become natural and normal, thus developing the person’s self-identity.
Sociology
58
In modern societies, ______ is dominant, and developing one’s self-identity is central (Giddens, 199
Individualism
59
the social relations implied in the extensive use of material power and machinery in all processes of production
Industrialism
60
a production system involving both competitive product markets and the commodification (putting a price tag) of labor power.
Capitalism
61
the massive increase of power and reach by institutions, especially in government;
Institutions of Surveillance
62
the most evident characteristics of modern
society. Characterized as having a vigorous activity and progress
Dynamism
63
is described as having two or more people interacting with one another, sharing similar characteristics, and whose members identify themselves as part of the group.
Example:
Family, barkada/friends, classmates etc.
Social group
64
refers to the ties or connections that link you to your social group (Khan Academy, WEB).
- the connection you have with your family is your blood relation; your barkada is your friendship; and your classmates is the common interest to learn.
Social Network
65
is naturally occurring and highly influenced by your family.
- This is usually formed in traditional societies because there is little diversity in these communities.
Organic Group
66
Sociologist George Simmel stated that you join these groups because your family is also part of it, in the first place, he called it organic motivation.
- Simmel noted that the positive effect of organic groups is rootedness
TRUE
67
are made up of different people
coming from different places, here the family is not the main motivation when joining rational social groups.
Modern Societies
68
imply greater freedom, especially the freedom of movement, relationship based on self- interest are not as embedded as organic relationship.
Ratonal Group
69
was a sociologist from the late 1800s.
- known for his “Theory of the Self”
- focused on how the “self” is developed
* His theory is based on the perspective that the self is a product of social interactions and internalizing the external (i.e., other people’s) views along with one’s personal view about oneself.
George Herbert Mead
70
He believed, the “self” is not present at birth; rather it develops over time through social experiences and activities.
George Herbert Mead
71
“A multiple personality is in a certain sense normal”.
George Herbert Mead
72
• sets the stage for self-development.
• through shared understanding of symbols, gestures, and sound
• self-development and ____\ are intimately tied.
Language
73
at this level, individuals role-play or assume the perspective of others.
- Role-playing enables the person to internalize some other people’s perspective, thus develops an understanding of other people’s feelings
Play
74
stage is where the individual not only internalizes other people’s perspectives, he or she is also able to take into account societal rules and adheres it.
Game
75
According to Mead, the self is developed by understanding the rule, and abide by it to win the game or be successful at an activity.
TRUE
76
He proposed two interactive facets of the self: the “I” and “me”
- the two have a didactic relationship, which is like a system of checks and balances.
Mead
77
___ is the product of what the person has learned while interacting with others and with environment.
- learned behaviors, attitudes, and even expectations
___ exercises social control over the self. - it sees to it that the rules are not broken.
Me
78
is the part of the self that is unsocialized and spontaneous.
- it is the individual’s response to the community’s attitude toward the person.
- impulses and drives.
- it enables him/her to express individualism and creativity.
- it does not blindly follow rules.
I
79
is the study of people, past, and present.
- it focuses on understanding the human condition in its cultural aspect.
- in general, it is concerned with understanding how humans evolved and how they differ from one another.
Anthropology
80
Anthropologist and professor, __________(1990), described the “self” as encompassing the “physical organism, possessing psychological functioning and social attributes”.
Katherine Ewing
81
Neuroscientist _________ (2002) conceptualized the implicit and explicit aspects of the self.
Joseph LeDoux
82
is the aspect of the self that you are consciously aware of (known)
Explicit
83
is the one that is not immediately available to the consciousness
Implicit
84
the self is not static; it is added to and subtracted from by genetic maturation, learning, forgetting, stress, ageing, and disease”.
LeDoux
85
____ (1989) asserted that a “self” is illusory.
Ewing
86
such as in North America and Europe.
_______ culture represents the self as separate, distinct, with emphasis on internal attributes or traits, skills, and values.
individualistic
87
in East Asia stressing the essential connection between the individual to other people.
Collectivist
88
is an interpretation of the meaning of something, in these sense, the meaning of “self”.
Construal
89
_______ maybe seen as voluntary or as duty-based. In Western societies, it is essential for a person to choose whom to marry, while some Eastern societies still practice arranged marriage.
Relationship
90
Culture influences whether (and how) you value traits like humility, self-esteem, politeness, assertiveness, and so on, as well as how you perceive hardship or how you feel about relying on others.
Personality traits
91
Culture influences how you define success and whether you value certain types of individual and group ____
Achievement
92
Culture influences what will affect you emotionally, as well as how you express yourself, such as showing your feelings in public or keeping it private.
Expressing Emotions
93
is the scientific study of how people behave, think, and feel.
- It includes topics such as how the brain works, how our
memory is organized, how people interact in groups, and how
children learn about the world.
- In fact, everything that concerns the human being is a concern of
_____.
Psychology
問題一覧
1
is relating to or involving conscious intellectual activity
Cognitive
2
is relating to or arising from feelings influenced by emotions.
Affective
3
sees the “self” as a product of social interactions, developed overtime through social activities and experiences.
Sociology
4
sees the “self’ as having characteristics or properties that can be used to describe it.
Psychology
5
_____ views the “self” as a culturally shaped constructor idea.
_____ assert that it is an autonomous participant in the society as much as it is submerged in the community.
Anthropology
6
known for his method of inquiry in testing an idea.
“I Know That I Don’t Know”
“Know thyself”
“The unexamined life is not worth living”.
Socrates
7
“When the soul and body are together, nature assigns our body to be a slave and to be ruled and the soul to be ruler and master”
Socrates
8
“Balance between mind and body”.
Plato
9
"The soul is immortal."
Plato
10
Described soul into 3 parts
1. rational soul is reasons and intellect, 2.spirited soul is emotions,
3. appetitive soul desires
Plato
11
"The soul is immortal."
Followed the body and soul perspective.
Plato
12
"All knowledge leads to God."
St. Augustine
13
Infused the body and soul perspective with the doctrine of Christianity.
The body is bound to die and the soul is anticipated to live eternally in a spiritual bliss with God. (the soul stays after death while the body can only thrive in the physical world)
Augustine
14
"I think therefore I am."
Descartes
15
The thinking about what is self is the proof itself that there is a self.
Rene Descartes
16
"There is no self."
David Hume
17
Self is just an impression and the idea of self is merely fictitious.
David Hume
18
was a philosopher and physician and was one of the most influential enlightenment thinkers.
John Locke
19
“Human mind at birth is a tabula rasa, which means that knowledge is derived from experience”.
John Locke
20
“All knowledge is derived from human senses”.
David Hume
21
_____ along with John Locke and Bishop George Berkeley, was one of the three main figure heads of the influential British Empiricism movement.
David Hume
22
the most strong, enter the senses with most force, directly experience, and they result from inward and outward sentiments.
Impressions
23
less forcible and less lively, mechanisms that copy and reproduce sense data formulated based upon previously perceived impressions.
Ideas
24
Two kinds of consciousness of self (rationality):
1. Consciousness of oneself and one’s psychological states in
inner sense, and
2. Consciousness of oneself and one’s states by performing acts
of apperception.
TRUE
25
is the mental process by which a person makes sense of an idea by assimilating it to the body of ideas he or she already possesses.
Apperception
26
the self is not in the body, the self is outside the body.
Immanuel Kant
27
REASON is the final authority of morality. Morality is achieved only when there is absence of war because of the result of enlightenment.
Immanuel Kant
28
Which component of the self is aware of alterations in your own state. Includes your rational intellect and your psychological state; such as moods, feelings and sensations, pleasure and
pain.
Inner Self
29
Which component of the self includes your senses and the physical world.
It gathers information from the external world through the senses, which the inner self interprets and coherently expresses.
Outer Self
30
Kant proposes that the “self” organizes information in three ways:
1. Raw perpetual input
2. Recognizing the concept, and
3. Reproducing in the imagination.
TRUE
31
“Father of the Modern Western Philosophy”.
▪ Proposed that doubt was a principal tool of disciplined inquiry.
Rene Descartes
32
Philosopher, physiologist, and psychologist,
______ was one of the most influential thinkers of the 20th century.
Simund Freud
33
His most important contribution, particularly in psychology, was Psychoanalysis, a practice devised to treat those who are mentally ill through dialogue.
Sigmund Freud
34
deals with awareness of present perceptions, feelings, thoughts, memories, and fantasies at any particular moment
Conscious
35
related to data that can readily be brought to consciousness
Pre-conscious/subconscious
36
refers to data retained but not easily
available to the individual’s conscious awareness or scrutiny.
Unconscious
37
“Wish fulfillment is the road to the unconsciousness”
Sigmund Freud
38
is the totality of the human mind both conscious and unconscious.
Psyche
39
operates on the pleasure principle.
*Every wishful impulse should be satisfied immediately, regardless of the consequences.
*When the __ achieves its demands, you experience pleasure; when denied you experience “unpleasure” or tension
Id
40
it operates according to the reality principle.
*Works out realistic ways of satisfying the id’s demands (often compromising or postponing satisfaction to avoid
negative consequences of society).
*Considers social realities and norms, etiquette, and rules in deciding how to behave.
*If the ___ fails to use the reality principle, anxiety is experienced, and unconscious defend mechanisms are employed to help ward off unpleasant feelings.
Ego
41
incorporates the values and morals of society.
*its function is to control the id’s impulses.
*persuades the ego to choose moralistic goals and to strive for perfection rather than simply realistic ones
Superego
42
The superego consists of two systems:
1. Conscience
2. Ideal self
TRUE
43
if the ego gives in to the id’s demands, the
superego may make the person feel bad through guilt.
Conscience
44
– an imaginary picture of how you ought to be.
* represents career aspirations; how to treat other people; and how to behave as a member of the society.
Ideal self
45
____ is unaffected by reality, logic, or the everyday world as it operates within the unconscious part of the mind.
Id
46
idea that the mind is distinct from the body.
Descartes
47
"The self is the way people behave."
Gilbert Ryle
48
For _____, what truly matters is the behavior that a person manifests in his day-to-day life.
Ryle
49
____ suggests that the "self" is not an entity one can locate and analyze but simply the convenient name that people use to refer to all the behaviors that people make.
Ryle
50
The body acts what the mind perceives as a unified one.
Merleau Ponty
51
is a verb that means to give a body to (usually an immaterial substance like a soul).
Embodied
52
is the state of being a subject-an entity that possesses conscious experiences, such as perspectives, feelings, beliefs, and desires.
Subjectivity
53
*A phenomenologist who asserts that the mind-body bifurcation is invalid problem
*Mind and body are inseparable.
*Once body is his opening toward his existence to the world The living body, his thoughts, emotions, and experiences are ALL ONE.
Maurice Merleau-Ponty
54
“Physical body is an important part of the self”.
Maurice Merleau-Ponty
55
*American philosopher advocated the idea of eliminative materialism or the idea that the self is inseparable from the brain and the physiology of the body.
*All a person has is the brain and so, if the brain is gone, there is no self For him. The physical brain and not the imaginary mind, gives people the sense of self.
The self is the brain.
Paul Churchland
56
“The physical brain and NOT the imaginary mind gives us our sense of self”
Paul Churchland
57
posits that socially formed norms, beliefs, and values come to exist within the person to a degree where these become natural and normal, thus developing the person’s self-identity.
Sociology
58
In modern societies, ______ is dominant, and developing one’s self-identity is central (Giddens, 199
Individualism
59
the social relations implied in the extensive use of material power and machinery in all processes of production
Industrialism
60
a production system involving both competitive product markets and the commodification (putting a price tag) of labor power.
Capitalism
61
the massive increase of power and reach by institutions, especially in government;
Institutions of Surveillance
62
the most evident characteristics of modern
society. Characterized as having a vigorous activity and progress
Dynamism
63
is described as having two or more people interacting with one another, sharing similar characteristics, and whose members identify themselves as part of the group.
Example:
Family, barkada/friends, classmates etc.
Social group
64
refers to the ties or connections that link you to your social group (Khan Academy, WEB).
- the connection you have with your family is your blood relation; your barkada is your friendship; and your classmates is the common interest to learn.
Social Network
65
is naturally occurring and highly influenced by your family.
- This is usually formed in traditional societies because there is little diversity in these communities.
Organic Group
66
Sociologist George Simmel stated that you join these groups because your family is also part of it, in the first place, he called it organic motivation.
- Simmel noted that the positive effect of organic groups is rootedness
TRUE
67
are made up of different people
coming from different places, here the family is not the main motivation when joining rational social groups.
Modern Societies
68
imply greater freedom, especially the freedom of movement, relationship based on self- interest are not as embedded as organic relationship.
Ratonal Group
69
was a sociologist from the late 1800s.
- known for his “Theory of the Self”
- focused on how the “self” is developed
* His theory is based on the perspective that the self is a product of social interactions and internalizing the external (i.e., other people’s) views along with one’s personal view about oneself.
George Herbert Mead
70
He believed, the “self” is not present at birth; rather it develops over time through social experiences and activities.
George Herbert Mead
71
“A multiple personality is in a certain sense normal”.
George Herbert Mead
72
• sets the stage for self-development.
• through shared understanding of symbols, gestures, and sound
• self-development and ____\ are intimately tied.
Language
73
at this level, individuals role-play or assume the perspective of others.
- Role-playing enables the person to internalize some other people’s perspective, thus develops an understanding of other people’s feelings
Play
74
stage is where the individual not only internalizes other people’s perspectives, he or she is also able to take into account societal rules and adheres it.
Game
75
According to Mead, the self is developed by understanding the rule, and abide by it to win the game or be successful at an activity.
TRUE
76
He proposed two interactive facets of the self: the “I” and “me”
- the two have a didactic relationship, which is like a system of checks and balances.
Mead
77
___ is the product of what the person has learned while interacting with others and with environment.
- learned behaviors, attitudes, and even expectations
___ exercises social control over the self. - it sees to it that the rules are not broken.
Me
78
is the part of the self that is unsocialized and spontaneous.
- it is the individual’s response to the community’s attitude toward the person.
- impulses and drives.
- it enables him/her to express individualism and creativity.
- it does not blindly follow rules.
I
79
is the study of people, past, and present.
- it focuses on understanding the human condition in its cultural aspect.
- in general, it is concerned with understanding how humans evolved and how they differ from one another.
Anthropology
80
Anthropologist and professor, __________(1990), described the “self” as encompassing the “physical organism, possessing psychological functioning and social attributes”.
Katherine Ewing
81
Neuroscientist _________ (2002) conceptualized the implicit and explicit aspects of the self.
Joseph LeDoux
82
is the aspect of the self that you are consciously aware of (known)
Explicit
83
is the one that is not immediately available to the consciousness
Implicit
84
the self is not static; it is added to and subtracted from by genetic maturation, learning, forgetting, stress, ageing, and disease”.
LeDoux
85
____ (1989) asserted that a “self” is illusory.
Ewing
86
such as in North America and Europe.
_______ culture represents the self as separate, distinct, with emphasis on internal attributes or traits, skills, and values.
individualistic
87
in East Asia stressing the essential connection between the individual to other people.
Collectivist
88
is an interpretation of the meaning of something, in these sense, the meaning of “self”.
Construal
89
_______ maybe seen as voluntary or as duty-based. In Western societies, it is essential for a person to choose whom to marry, while some Eastern societies still practice arranged marriage.
Relationship
90
Culture influences whether (and how) you value traits like humility, self-esteem, politeness, assertiveness, and so on, as well as how you perceive hardship or how you feel about relying on others.
Personality traits
91
Culture influences how you define success and whether you value certain types of individual and group ____
Achievement
92
Culture influences what will affect you emotionally, as well as how you express yourself, such as showing your feelings in public or keeping it private.
Expressing Emotions
93
is the scientific study of how people behave, think, and feel.
- It includes topics such as how the brain works, how our
memory is organized, how people interact in groups, and how
children learn about the world.
- In fact, everything that concerns the human being is a concern of
_____.
Psychology