Chapter 2. Basics of Pharmacology

15問 • 1年前

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The nurse is preparing to apply valacyclovir (Valtrex) ointment to the shingles lesions located across a client’s left side and lower back. Which of the following actions should the nurse take first?

Ensure that the skin is clean and dry.

The nurse is providing care for a client at 32 weeks’ gestation who started low-molecular heparin injections after developing a deep vein thrombosis. The client asks the nurse, “Why do I have to take a shot? Why can’t I take the blood clot medicine that my dad takes orally?” Which of the following responses by the nurse is best?

“Anything that is fat-soluble, including warfarin (Coumadin), is able to cross the placental barrier. Heparin is not fat-soluble so it doesn’t cross the barrier well.”

The nurse is providing care to a client with HIV who has been prescribed fosamprenavir (Lexiva). Which of the following statements by the client indicates that further teaching is necessary?

“I’m glad my kidneys work so well; otherwise the medication wouldn’t work.”

The nurse is working with a client who was recently started on insulin therapy. The client’s young daughter asks, “Why do you have to give her a shot? Why can’t you just give her a pill?” Which of the following responses by the nurse is best?

“The acid in your mother’s stomach would destroy this medication, so it can’t be swallowed.”

The nurse is providing care for a 48-year-old male on the surgical unit. Gentamicin (Garamycin) 2 mg/kg every 8 hours has been started. The nurse would be most concerned by which of the following findings?

The patient’s EGFR = 40 mL/min

A 16-year-old client comes to the urgent care clinic with symptoms of tonsillitis. The client tells the nurse she takes tetracycline (Doxycycline) daily for the treatment of acne. The nurse would be most concerned if the health care provider prescribed which of the following?

Amoxicillin clavulanate (Augmentin)

The nurse is providing care for a client experiencing muscle spasms. The physician has ordered cyclobenzaprine (Flexeril). The nurse would inform the client to anticipate which of the following side effects?

Dizziness and drowsiness

While caring for clients on the medical unit, the nurse would see which of the following clients first?

A 61-year-old patient who takes ibuprofen for arthritis complaining of severe stomach pain

While preparing to provide a patient admitted to the hospital for a laparoscopic hysterectomy the prescribed dose of ibuprofen (Motrin) 800 mg orally, which of the following actions would take highest priority?

Evaluate the client’s most recent renal panel labs

The nurse is providing care for clients on the orthopedic unit. Which of the following assessment findings is most concerning to the nurse?

A client with a fractured pelvis who takes warfarin sodium (Coumadin) and reports having a black tarry stool during the night

While working in the neonatal intensive care unit, the nurse notes an infant’s oxygen saturation has been 98% for the past 4 hours. The infant has been receiving oxygen at 4 L. Which of the following actions by the nurse is best?

Turn the oxygen level down to 3 L and monitor closely to reduce the risk of eye damage.

While providing oral medications, the nurse recognizes which of the following is true regarding the absorption rate of a medication? (Select all that apply.)

The drug’s level of fat solubility should be high to ensure absorption., A drug will be more readily absorbed if it is acidic in nature., Absorption will be more rapid if it is provided in liquid form., Absorption is slower in the presence of food.

While caring for multiple clients on the medical/surgical unit, the nurse would monitor which of the following individuals for potential liver toxicity? (Select all that apply.)

A 44-year-old patient admitted for pneumonia who has been taking acetaminophen (Tylenol), A 19-year-old patient with a history of alcohol abuse admitted for a tonsillectomy, A 71-year-old patient with a history of tuberculosis who took isoniazid (Laniazid), A 15-year-old patient who took multiple aspirin as part of a suicide attempt

While working in the gastrointestinal diagnostic clinic, the nurse identifies which of the following individuals as at high risk for developing a gastric ulcer? (Select all that apply.)

A 54-year-old patient who reports smoking 1.5 packs of cigarettes/day for the past 40 years, A 44-year-old patient who reports taking ibuprofen (Advil) daily for low back pain

While providing medications to clients in the long-term care facility, which of the following actions would the nurse use to prevent gastrointestinal side effects? (Select all that apply.)

Give clients yogurt to prevent diarrhea., Provide milk or food with some medications to reduce the occurrence of nausea., Prevent constipation by providing fiber laxatives.

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