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62問 • 9ヶ月前

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is a two-way process of sharing and exchanging messages, information, ideas and feelings for mutual understanding

COMMUNICATION

NATURE OF COMMUNICATION?

Communication is a process. Communication occurs between two or more people. Communication can be expressed through written/spoken

PROCESS OF COMMUNICATION?

sender message channel receiver feedback barrier

is the one who initiates the message that needs to be transmitted

SENDER

It is the content the sender wants to convey to the receiver. Refers to the information intended to be communicated by words as in speech, letters, pictures, or symbols. It can be verbal or non- verbal.

MESSAGE

It refers the medium or passage through which encoded messageis passed to the receiver.

CHANNEL

refers to whom the message is meant for.

RECEIVER

It refers to the response of the receiver to the message sent to him/her by the sender.

FEEDBACK

It is a hindrance to communication.

NOISE

5 Types of Noise in Communication

physical noise physiological noise psychological noise semantic noise cultural noise

Environmental Sounds Ex Raining sounds Thunderstorms Barking Dog

Physical noise

Physical Weakness & Sickness Ex Headaches. Deafness & Blindness. Talking Fast or Slow.

physiological noise

Psychological Factors Ex Belief, Beliefs, Attitudes, Behaviors. Sensitive Issues- Religious, Ethnic & Political. Financial Crisis

Psychological Noise

Different Meaning Syntactical Barriers Jargon Word Mispronunciation Special word Grammatical Wrong Sentence

Semantice noise

Wrong Explanation Posture, Gesture, Eye contact,

Cultural noise

FUNCTIONS OF COMMUNICATION

REGULATION/CONTROL SOCIAL INTERACTION MOTIVATION EMOTIONAL EXPRESSION INFORMATION DISSEMINATION

Communication functions to control behavior. It can be used to regulate the nature and number of activities people engage in EX. “Take your medicine before you go to bed. ” “Finish your work before you go.

REGULATION/CONTROL

Communication allows individuals to interact with others. It also allows individuals to express desires, encouragement, needs, and decision or to give and get information. Ex. “Would you like to go to church with me?” “Come on! You can do it!”

SOCIAL INTERACTION

Communication motivates or encourages people to live better

MOTIVATION

Communication facilitates people’s expression of their feelings and emotions.

EMOTIONAL EXPRESSIO

Communication functions to convey information. It can be used in giving and getting information

INFORMATION DISSEMINATION

What are the models of communication?

ARISTOTLE’S MODEL TRANSACTIONAL MODEL SHANNON - WEAVER'S MODEL SCHRAMM MODEL EUGENE WHITE MODEL BERLO'S MODEL HELICAL MODEL

focused on public speaking than interpersonal communication. To influence or persuade his audience, he must first prepare his speech and analyze the audience before he speaks to them

Aristotle’s Model

Exchange of messages between the sender and the receiver Also called as circular model used for interpersonal communication

TRANSACTIONAL

• Claude Shannon and Warren Weaver introduced the concept of noise. • Also known as the Telephone Model • 1940's wherein the message was hindered by noise.

SHANNON - WEAVER'S MODEL

Who proposed tye shannon weavers model?

Claude Shannon and Warren Weaver

6 inportant feature of shannon weavers model

sender encoder channel noise reception receiver

• Wilbur Schramm is known as the Father of Mass Communication • developed in 1955, communication breakdown is explained. same field of experience.

SCHRAMM MODEL

• Communication is circular and continuous, without a beginning or end. • His 1960 cyclical model, • White was also the one who introduced the concept of feedback

EUGENE WHITE MODEL

What are the 8 stages of eugene’s white model?

thinking, symbolizing, expressing, transmitting, receiving, decoding, feed-backing, monitoring, and thinking.

• The Berlo's model of communication takes into account the emotional aspect of the message. • follows the SMCR model

BERLO'S MODEL

berlos model smcr stand for

S - Source M - Message C - Channel R - Receiver

• Frank Dance in 1967. • Helix is a smooth curve like a spring that goes upwards and downwards. • the older you get the experience and vocabulary increases.

HELICAL MODEL

• Happens when individual interact, negotiate, and create meanings while bringing in their varied cultural backgrounds.

INTERCULTURAL COMMUNICATION

the customary beliefs, values, and attitudes of a racial, religious, or social group

culture

an understanding of one's self and place in society

self-awareness

between individuals who have different cultures

intercultural communication communication

Offers a structure that explores how people experience cultural differences. According to Bennett and Bennett

DEVELOPMENT MODEL OF INTERCULTURAL SENSITIVITY (DMIS)

What are the stages of intercultural

STAGE 1: DENIAL STAGE 2: DEFENSE STAGE 3: MINIMIZATION STAGE 4: ACCEPTANCE STAGE 5: ADAPTATION STAGE 6: INTEGRATION

The individual does not recognize cultural differences. The individual in the denial stage might be heard saying: "All cities are the same; they all have tall buildings, fast food chains and coffee shops."

STAGE 1: DENIAL

Starts to recognize cultural differences and is intimidated by them, resulting in either a superior view on their own culture or unjustified high regard for the new one • "This culture does not view life the way we do; our culture is certainly better." • Their ways are better than my own; I wish I were one of them."

STAGE 2: DEFENSE

Individuals see cultural differences, they bank more on the universality of ideas rather than on cultural differences. • "Once we see through the cultural differences, we are really are just the same!"

STAGE 3: MINIMIZATION

Individual begins to appreciate important cultural differences in behaviors and eventually in values. • "These people and I have different values and experiences, and I think we can learn from one another."

STAGE 4: ACCEPTANCE

An individual is very open to world views when accepting new perspectives. • "To address our issue, I have to adjust my approach to consider both my own and my counterpart's background."

STAGE 5: ADAPTATION

Individuals start to go beyond their own cultures and see themselves and their actions based on multifarious cultural viewpoints • "I can look at things from the perspective of various cultures."

STAGE 6: INTEGRATION

Barriers that May Cause Communication Breakdown:

Emotional Barriers Use of Jargons Lack of Confidence Noisy Environment

Speech context is the environment in which the speech takes place. It can be classified into intrapersonal and interpersonal.

Types of Speech Context

Acts both as the sender and the receiver of the message.

INTRAPERSONAL

EXAMPLE: You feel happy while thinking about how your teacher appreciated you for submitting your project before the due date, and you reflect on why you feel this way.

INTRAPERSONAL

This refers to communication between and among people and establishes a personal relationships between and among them.

INTERPERSONAL

Types of Interpersonal Context

DYAD COMMUNICATION SMALL GROUP PUBLIC MASS COMMUNICATION

Occurs between two people Examples: You provide comfort to a friend who is feeling down.

DYAD COMMUNICATION

at least 3 but not more than 10 people engaging in face-to-face interaction, working to achieve the desired goal. Example: You discuss with your group mates how to finish the assigned tasks.

SMALL GROUP

send the message before or in front of a group. The message can be driven by informational or persuasive purposes. PUBLIC Example: • You deliver graduation speech to your batch . • You participate in a declaration, or debate contest watched by a number of people.

PUBLIC

Communication that takes place through television, radio. newspapers, magazines, books, billboards, internet and other types of media. Example: You are a student journalist. You articulate your stand on current issues through the school's newspaper.

MASS COMMUNICATION

Types of Speech Style?

Intimate Casual Consultative formal frozen

refers to the distinctive way of communicating. Speech style refers primarily to the manner one communicates than the meaning of communication.

Speech Style

It is a style among intimate members of a family or friends that do not need a complete language with a clear articulation or may not be shared in public.

Intimate

It is the most common speech style used among friends and coworkers. Jargon, slang, or the vernacular language are used.

Casual

This style is the standard one. It is best used for business and professional relationships.

Consultative

This style is used in formal settings. Unlike the consultative style, this is one-way. Examples are sermons by priests, SONA of the president and formal speeches.

Formal

It is the most formal speech style that is usually used in formal contexts such as speech for state ceremonies, court proceedings, and religious rituals.

Frozen

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