Derivatives

54問 • 3年前

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Hydrocarbon derivatives are formed from _______, but at least ___ of the hydrogen atoms in a hydrocarbon derivative is substituted with a different atom.

hydrocarbons, one

are used to produce several different products such as fuel, perfumes and flavor extracts.

Hydrocarbon derivatives

Certain substituted atoms in hydrocarbon derivatives are known as a _______

functional group

The functional group of this is a hydroxyl group (OH) bound to a carbon atom.

Alcohol

The functional group of this is an oxygen (O) bound to a carbon atom with a double bond.

Aldehydes

The functional group of this is an oxygen (O) bound to a centrally located carbon and the oxygen is bound to the carbon with a double bond.

Ketones

The functional group of this is an amino group (NH2) bound to a carbon atom. Esters

Amines

The functional group of this is two oxygen (O) bound to a carbon atom.

Esters

One of these oxygens is bound to the oxygen with a double bond while the other is bound with a single bond.

Esters

The functional group of this is an oxygen (O) bound to two carbon atoms.

Ethers

The functional group of this is an oxygen (O) and a hydroxyl group (OH) bound to a carbon atom with single bonds

Carboxylic acids

Alcohol

Hydroxyl

Ethanol

Hydroxyl

Ethers

Hydroxyl

Ketones

Carbonyl

Aldehydes

Carbonyl

Esters

Carboxylic

Amines

Carboxylic

Amide

Carboxylic

is an organic compound commonly used as reagents, solvents and fuels.

Alcohol

It has an OH group attached to a single bond alkyl group, alkane. It is colorless and transparent.

Alcohol

is the most commonly used alcohol.

Ethanol

It is produced through fermentation and consumed by humans through alcoholic beverages.

Ethanol

the simplest alcohol is obtained from distillation of wood and therefore, methanol is extremely toxic.

Methanol

Methanol is also called as

“wood alcohol”

contain 2 alkyl groups joined in one oxygen.

Ethers

Ethers act much like ______. They burn and split apart when boiled in concentrated acids.

alkanes

Ethers are named by first naming the alkyl group attached to oxygen atom followed by the word ether. Different ethers have diverse uses but most are useful as _____.

solvent

functional group consists of a carbonyl bonded to a hydrogen atom and an R group.

Aldehydes

The term aldehyde comes from the word ________.

“alcohol dehydrogenated”

The simplest aldehyde is the _______ or ______

formaldehyde or methanal

To name aldehydes, change the suffix (__) of the parent alkane to –(al).

e, al

contribute to favorable odors of essential oils.

Aldehydes

is a functional group characterized by a carbonyl group (O=C) linked to two other carbon atoms.

Ketone

Ketone is generally represented by the formula ____, where the two Rs are alkyl groups.

RCOR

Ketones differ from aldehydes in the sense that the carbonyl is placed ____ two carbons other than at the ____ of a carbon skeleton.

between, end

is a product formed from the reaction between a carboxylic acid and the alcohol.

Ester

are characterized by having a very sweet fruity smell, where most are found in fruits.

Esters

Esters have a two-word name. The first should be the name of the ____ group. The second should be the stem name of the acid, changing the suffix –oic to –_____.

alkyl, oate

A ______ is a functional group with a carbonyl (C=O) and a hydroxyl group (R-OH) which has the general formula of –COOH.

carboxyl group

Acids having two carboxyl groups are called

dicarboxylic

_____ are characterized by the presence of carboxyl group.

Carboxylic Acids

are organic compounds containing a functional group of basic nitrogen atom.

Amines

They are derivatives of ammonia (NH3) where one or more hydrogen atoms are replaced by an R group.

Amines

contain a functional group consisting of a carbonyl group linked to a nitrogen atom.

Amides

They are formed from the reaction of a carboxylic acid and an amine.

Amides

Most drugs are amides including penicillin, which was discovered in 1928 by Scottish scientist Alexander Fleming

Amides

refers to an atom’s ability or strength to attract electrons which are negatively charged particles.

Electronegativity

is important since it can affect the strength of bonds between two molecules.

Electronegativity

The functional group of hydrocarbon derivatives will cause the molecule to become more ______ compared to regular hydrocarbons.

electronegative

refers to distribution of electrical charges across a molecule.

Polarity

When one side of a molecule has a _____ charge while the other side of the molecule has a _____ charge, the molecule is said to be polar.

negative, positive

Since hydrocarbon derivatives are electronegative molecules, they are also _____.

polar

molecules act very similar to magnets.

Polar

ATTENTIVENESS QUOTES

Butihen Monique Charlene · 6問 · 2年前

ATTENTIVENESS QUOTES