問題一覧
1
which of these is the key characteristics of science?
it involves formal and systematic observation
2
which of these is a goal of science?
description
3
the goals of science include description, explanation, control and:
prediction
4
the goal of science that involves the manipulation of antecedent conditions to affect behavior is called
control
5
the goal of science that involves the accurate portrayal of a certain phenomenon is known as
description
6
the goal of science that involves learning about how and why a phenomenon exists is known as
explanation
7
a scientist who believes that behavior is orderly and systematic and dows not happen by chance holds that basic assumption of science known as
determinism
8
dr. leo believes that humans behave in orderly ways, and it is possible to detect this orderliness. dr. leo appears to believe in an assumption of science known as
discoverability
9
Jill develops the theory that students learn better from lectures than from reading. Sam believes that this theory is not very good because it is unclear what jill means by "better" in other words, jill's theory lacks
precision
10
which of these is a criterion of a good theory?
usefulness
11
professor fisk has developed a theory that contains statements that are verifiable by experimentation. the professor's theory has met the criterion for a good theory that is known as
testability
12
ting believes that if you die in a dream, you will also die in real life. karen points out that if someone dies in his or her sleep we could never find out what happened in the dream. thus, there is no way to demonstrate support for ting's theory. his theory lacks
testability
13
the scientific philosopher karl popper stated that science is really about
ruling out alternative explanations until one explanation or theory fits the data
14
this criterion of a good theory states that it should be practical and help to describe, explain and predict an important phenomenon. thus, a good theory must be
useful
15
professor sandhurst collects data from employees before developing a theory of job satisfaction. this approach is known as
induction
16
the approach to scienxe that involves starting with a theory and propositions and then collecting data to test those propositions is
deduction
17
researchers are using _________ when they start with data and create a theory to explain it; and they are using ________ when they start with a theory and collect data to support or refute that theory.
induction; deduction
18
sofia has heard about a theory that suggests that when people are in a group, they tend to put forth less effort than when they work alone. she decides to collete some data to see if they support this theory. sofua is using
induction
19
when considering whether to begin scientific research with data or with theory, it is important to know that the approach taken by most distinguished scientists is one that
combines both inductive and deductive processes
20
professor sanchez has data from an experiment that indicate that beinf treated rudely by a boss lead to employees missing work more often. with such data the professor can draw a (n):
casual inference
21
whicb research design is the only design in which we can assert that one variable is causing another variable?
experimental research
22
in an experiment, a researcher is investigating the effects of two types of rewards on employees motivation. the independent variable in this experiment is
the type of rewards
23
dr. applesmith conducts a study in which he manipulates the light in a room while assessing participants performance on a counting task. in this example, the light is the ______ and the performance on the countinf task is the _______
independent variable; dependent variable
24
in an experiment, the variable of interest that is, that varies the experiment is designed to assess--- is known as the
dependent variable
25
the type of variable that can contaminate the result of an experiment and may be an alternative to a causal relationship is known as a (n)
extraneous variable
26
dr. wickersham wants to examine how light affects participants performance on a counting task. so she has two group, one that works under dim light and one that works under bright lights. she finds that those in the dim light condition perform better. however, one of her research assistants admints that he gabe those in the dim light condition extra time to complete the task. now dr. wickershman is not sure whether those in the dim light condition did better because of the lightning or because of the extra time they received. the extra time on the teat is an example of a (n)
extraneous variable
27
independent variable are frequently referred to as
predictors
28
"predictors" "precursors" and "antecedents" are all words we might use to describe
independent variables
29
"criteria" "outcome" and "consequences" are all words we might use to describe
dependent variables
30
dr. xiong conducts a study examining whether people feel more motivated when music is playing versus when there is silence. at first, his findings appear to indicate that those in the music condition do better. however he learns that his research assistant encouraged their participants in the music condition but did not encourage those in the silent condition. now. dr. xiong doesn't know whether the better performance was due to the music or the encouragement. dr. xiong's study has poor
internal validity
31
_____ is the extent to which we can draw causal inferences about the variable in an experiment
external validity
32
the extent to which result in an experiment generalize to other people, sertings and times is referred to as
external validity
33
when an experiment uses college student as participants, some people may raise concerns that the results are not generalizable to employees in the real world. this represents a concern about
external validity
34
one way to demonstrate the external validity of an experiment is to
replicatw the result with different participants, in different settings and at different times
35
dr. chinua is conducting a lab study. the situation is very artificial and participants may not always behave normally. however, dr. chinua can very carefully control the condition so that he can be certain that the effects that he sees on the dependent variable result from changes in the independent variable. his research is hign in ______ but low in
internal validity; external validity
36
dr. begley is conducting a study in a factory in which she is examining whether having employees wear uniforms affects their job satisfaction. in this study, her sample is very representative of other factory workers; however, because the employees work in an actual workplace, she cannot control other things that might affect their satisfaction. her research is hign in _____ but low in _____
external validity; internal validity
37
the first step in any research project is to
formulate testable hypothesis
38
after designing a study, the next step in the research process involves:
collecting data
39
when research participants have an equally likely chance of being assigned to an experimental condition or the control condition, the experimenter has
employed random assignment
40
a research os conducting an experiment to test the effect of feedback on job performance. the researcher can exercise control over extraneous variables such as intelligence by
randomly assigning participants to feedback conditions
41
laboratory experiments are typically
high in internal validity and low in external validity
42
which of these is a primary characteristic of quasi-experiments?
use of intact groups and manipulation of independent variables
43
what is the key difference between an experiment and a quasi-experiments?
quasi-experiments do not include random assignment
44
Studies using observational methods are sometimes called
correlational design
45
using _____ we can conclude only that results either do or do not indicate a relationship between the variables of interest
observational methods
46
which of these is the least common method of collecting data in I/O psychology research?
surveys
47
amy, using an archival data set for her research, noticed that the data were collected on March 1, 1999 from a group of army leaders. this data set is
cross-sectional
48
meena, using and archival data set for her research, notices that the data were collected from
the same group of children when they were in first, second, and third grade. this data set is
longitudinal
49
which method of data collection is most frequently used in I/O psychology?
surveys
50
what is one drawback of using self-administered mail surveys in research?
response rates can be low
問題一覧
1
which of these is the key characteristics of science?
it involves formal and systematic observation
2
which of these is a goal of science?
description
3
the goals of science include description, explanation, control and:
prediction
4
the goal of science that involves the manipulation of antecedent conditions to affect behavior is called
control
5
the goal of science that involves the accurate portrayal of a certain phenomenon is known as
description
6
the goal of science that involves learning about how and why a phenomenon exists is known as
explanation
7
a scientist who believes that behavior is orderly and systematic and dows not happen by chance holds that basic assumption of science known as
determinism
8
dr. leo believes that humans behave in orderly ways, and it is possible to detect this orderliness. dr. leo appears to believe in an assumption of science known as
discoverability
9
Jill develops the theory that students learn better from lectures than from reading. Sam believes that this theory is not very good because it is unclear what jill means by "better" in other words, jill's theory lacks
precision
10
which of these is a criterion of a good theory?
usefulness
11
professor fisk has developed a theory that contains statements that are verifiable by experimentation. the professor's theory has met the criterion for a good theory that is known as
testability
12
ting believes that if you die in a dream, you will also die in real life. karen points out that if someone dies in his or her sleep we could never find out what happened in the dream. thus, there is no way to demonstrate support for ting's theory. his theory lacks
testability
13
the scientific philosopher karl popper stated that science is really about
ruling out alternative explanations until one explanation or theory fits the data
14
this criterion of a good theory states that it should be practical and help to describe, explain and predict an important phenomenon. thus, a good theory must be
useful
15
professor sandhurst collects data from employees before developing a theory of job satisfaction. this approach is known as
induction
16
the approach to scienxe that involves starting with a theory and propositions and then collecting data to test those propositions is
deduction
17
researchers are using _________ when they start with data and create a theory to explain it; and they are using ________ when they start with a theory and collect data to support or refute that theory.
induction; deduction
18
sofia has heard about a theory that suggests that when people are in a group, they tend to put forth less effort than when they work alone. she decides to collete some data to see if they support this theory. sofua is using
induction
19
when considering whether to begin scientific research with data or with theory, it is important to know that the approach taken by most distinguished scientists is one that
combines both inductive and deductive processes
20
professor sanchez has data from an experiment that indicate that beinf treated rudely by a boss lead to employees missing work more often. with such data the professor can draw a (n):
casual inference
21
whicb research design is the only design in which we can assert that one variable is causing another variable?
experimental research
22
in an experiment, a researcher is investigating the effects of two types of rewards on employees motivation. the independent variable in this experiment is
the type of rewards
23
dr. applesmith conducts a study in which he manipulates the light in a room while assessing participants performance on a counting task. in this example, the light is the ______ and the performance on the countinf task is the _______
independent variable; dependent variable
24
in an experiment, the variable of interest that is, that varies the experiment is designed to assess--- is known as the
dependent variable
25
the type of variable that can contaminate the result of an experiment and may be an alternative to a causal relationship is known as a (n)
extraneous variable
26
dr. wickersham wants to examine how light affects participants performance on a counting task. so she has two group, one that works under dim light and one that works under bright lights. she finds that those in the dim light condition perform better. however, one of her research assistants admints that he gabe those in the dim light condition extra time to complete the task. now dr. wickershman is not sure whether those in the dim light condition did better because of the lightning or because of the extra time they received. the extra time on the teat is an example of a (n)
extraneous variable
27
independent variable are frequently referred to as
predictors
28
"predictors" "precursors" and "antecedents" are all words we might use to describe
independent variables
29
"criteria" "outcome" and "consequences" are all words we might use to describe
dependent variables
30
dr. xiong conducts a study examining whether people feel more motivated when music is playing versus when there is silence. at first, his findings appear to indicate that those in the music condition do better. however he learns that his research assistant encouraged their participants in the music condition but did not encourage those in the silent condition. now. dr. xiong doesn't know whether the better performance was due to the music or the encouragement. dr. xiong's study has poor
internal validity
31
_____ is the extent to which we can draw causal inferences about the variable in an experiment
external validity
32
the extent to which result in an experiment generalize to other people, sertings and times is referred to as
external validity
33
when an experiment uses college student as participants, some people may raise concerns that the results are not generalizable to employees in the real world. this represents a concern about
external validity
34
one way to demonstrate the external validity of an experiment is to
replicatw the result with different participants, in different settings and at different times
35
dr. chinua is conducting a lab study. the situation is very artificial and participants may not always behave normally. however, dr. chinua can very carefully control the condition so that he can be certain that the effects that he sees on the dependent variable result from changes in the independent variable. his research is hign in ______ but low in
internal validity; external validity
36
dr. begley is conducting a study in a factory in which she is examining whether having employees wear uniforms affects their job satisfaction. in this study, her sample is very representative of other factory workers; however, because the employees work in an actual workplace, she cannot control other things that might affect their satisfaction. her research is hign in _____ but low in _____
external validity; internal validity
37
the first step in any research project is to
formulate testable hypothesis
38
after designing a study, the next step in the research process involves:
collecting data
39
when research participants have an equally likely chance of being assigned to an experimental condition or the control condition, the experimenter has
employed random assignment
40
a research os conducting an experiment to test the effect of feedback on job performance. the researcher can exercise control over extraneous variables such as intelligence by
randomly assigning participants to feedback conditions
41
laboratory experiments are typically
high in internal validity and low in external validity
42
which of these is a primary characteristic of quasi-experiments?
use of intact groups and manipulation of independent variables
43
what is the key difference between an experiment and a quasi-experiments?
quasi-experiments do not include random assignment
44
Studies using observational methods are sometimes called
correlational design
45
using _____ we can conclude only that results either do or do not indicate a relationship between the variables of interest
observational methods
46
which of these is the least common method of collecting data in I/O psychology research?
surveys
47
amy, using an archival data set for her research, noticed that the data were collected on March 1, 1999 from a group of army leaders. this data set is
cross-sectional
48
meena, using and archival data set for her research, notices that the data were collected from
the same group of children when they were in first, second, and third grade. this data set is
longitudinal
49
which method of data collection is most frequently used in I/O psychology?
surveys
50
what is one drawback of using self-administered mail surveys in research?
response rates can be low