cc 2021

cc 2021
98問 • 2年前
  • ARA
  • 通報

    問題一覧

  • 1

    The measurement of this analyte can reflect hyperglycemic states within the previous 2-3 weeks

    fructosamine

  • 2

    hCG-B-Human chorionic gonadotropin is a tumor marker to monitor what condition?

    increase levels are associated with trophoblastic tumors or choriocarcinoma

  • 3

    Which of the following is false about purine and pyrimidine bases?

    At acidic or alkaline pH the bases become charge and their solubility in water decreases

  • 4

    In a spectrophotemetric analysis, what is the purpose of a reagent blank?

    to correct for color contribution of the reagent

  • 5

    Which of the following cell organelles is involved in the process of protein synthesis?

    Ribosomes

  • 6

    Which of the following is a carbohydrate with six carbon atoms and a keto group as the functional group?

    fructose

  • 7

    Which is the chief estrogen in a urine of pregnant women?

    estriol

  • 8

    A70-year-old man arrives at the emergency room with glucose level of 40 mmol/L and a serum of 4+. What is expected of the arterial blood gas of the patient?

    Low pH

  • 9

    Which of the following types of analyzers offers random access capabilities?

    Discrete analyzers

  • 10

    Why is there formation of hematoma on some patients?

    all of these

  • 11

    Which of the following sets of results is consistent with primary hypothyroidism?

    Result D

  • 12

    Which of the following enzymes is common to all enzymatic methods for triglyceride determination

    glycerol kinase

  • 13

    In which of the following pipettes should the liquid or serum be rinsed out completely for the delivery of the correct volume?

    to contain

  • 14

    Which uric acid method is associated with positive bias caused by reducing agents?

    phosphotungstic acid using a protein-free-filtrate

  • 15

    Apolipoprotein B (apo B-100) is the major apolipoprotein found in which lipoprotein?

    LDL

  • 16

    What is estimated when creatinine clearance is performed?

    glomerular filtration rate

  • 17

    Which is the automated method for measuring chloride that generates silver ions in the reaction?

    coulometry

  • 18

    A blood sample is needed from a patient with intravenous (IV) fluid lines running in one arm. Which of the following is an acceptable procedure?

    obtain sample from the other arm

  • 19

    When blood was drown from the wrong patient, what type of error was committed?

    pre-analytical error

  • 20

    One of the following is classified as a physical hazard in the laboratory:

    hazardous allergens

  • 21

    Which of the following electrolytes is that chief cation whose main function is maintaining the osmotic pressure?

    sodium

  • 22

    Which is a cardiac glycoside that is used to treat congenital heart failure and arrhythmias by increasing the force and velocity of myocardial contraction?

    digoxin

  • 23

    During evaluation of adrenal function, a patient had a plasma cortisol determination in the morning after awakening and in the evening. Laboratory results indicate that the morning value was higher than the evening concentration. These results indicate which of the following conditions?

    cushing’s syndrome

  • 24

    Pre-renal AND post-renal azotemia are characterized by the following: 1. congestive heart failure 2. acute glomerulone 3. kidney stones 4. increased protein catabolism 5. tubular necrosis 6. tumor of urinary tract 7. hemorrhage 8. enlarge prostate 9. chronic hepatitis

    1,4,7 and 3,6,8

  • 25

    Mark the incorrect statement about sugar alcohol?

    Terminal –OH group oxidizes

  • 26

    What is the primary clinical utility of measuring CEA?

    Monitoring of recurrence of cancer

  • 27

    This is a collective term for several proteins that participate in the immune reaction and serve as a link to inflammatory response?

    C-reactive proteins

  • 28

    In sample collection, the phlebotomist must be aware of the effects of anticoagulant in the test requested. How will the use of plasma using EDTA as anticoagulant affect alkaline phosphatase levels?

    it will inhibit enzyme activity because Mg will be chelated

  • 29

    How will serum inorganic phosphates be affected if a non fasting specimen is collected?

    increased

  • 30

    What volume is needed to make 500 mL of 0.1 M solution of tris buffer from a solution of a 2 M tris buffer?

    25mL

  • 31

    Which of the following is considered a lipid?

    cholesterol

  • 32

    How will increase physical activity AND prolonged fasting affect assay results? 1. increased alanine and lactate 2. increased bilirubin level 3. increased CK activity 4. no change in cholesterol level 5. immediate fall and subsequent rise in fatty acids 6. decreased glucose level

    1,3,5, and 2,4,6

  • 33

    Which of the following hormones initiates its response by binding to cytoplasmic receptors?

    estrogen

  • 34

    Which of the following is the best analyte to monitor for recurrence of pancreatic cancer?

    CA 19-9

  • 35

    A potassium of 7 mmol/L is obtained. before reporting the result, what would be the first step that a medical technologist should do?

    Check serum for hemolysis

  • 36

    With what alkaline phosphatase isoenzyme does Regan isoenzyme share the same properties?

    placenta

  • 37

    Which of the following hormone is responsible for increasing plasma glucose, glycogenolysis and lipolysis while inhibiting insulin seretion?

    growth hormone

  • 38

    The cause of hyper triglyceridemia in IDDM patients is due to one of the following:

    depression of LPL activity

  • 39

    To prevent getting infected, the health worker should observe the proper “doffing” of the personal protective equipment. One of the following is correct order of taking of the PPE

    gloves, googles, gown, mask

  • 40

    Which of the following statements about fluorometry is true?

    A compound is said to fluoresce when it absorbs light at one wavelength and emits light at a second wavelength

  • 41

    Given the following information, calculate the blood pH. How would you classify the state of the patient if he has this test result? pCO2= 44 mmHG Total CO2= 29 mmol/L

    Alkalosis

  • 42

    Which of the following disease states corresponds with elevated total bilirubin and conjugated bilirubin?

    biliary obstruction

  • 43

    Which of the following target tissues is incapable of producing steroid hormones?

    Placenta

  • 44

    One of the following describe a standard solution

    it is highly purified substance of known composition

  • 45

    Which of the following conditions will invalidate the determination of glycosylated haemoglobin.

    Hemolytic anemia

  • 46

    Which of the following functions as a coenzyme in transaminase reaction?

    Pyridoxal phosphate

  • 47

    Given the following information, calculate the blood pH. pCO2= 44 mmHg Total C02= 29 mmol/L

    6.28

  • 48

    How is primary hypocortisolism differentiated from

    ACTH is elevated in primary and decreased in secondary

  • 49

    Which electrolyte is exchange for sodium in the kidneys through the action of aldosterone?

    Chloride

  • 50

    Which of the following techniques is more commonly used to measure vitamins?

    HPLC

  • 51

    When the coagulation of fresh whole blood is prevented through the use of an anticoagulant, what do we call the straw colored fluid that can be separated from the cellular elements?

    plasma

  • 52

    Which is the most important buffer pair in the plasma

    Bicarbonate/carbonic acid pair

  • 53

    Given the data below, what will be the calculated creatinine clearance? Analyte Result Serum creatinine 1.2 mg/dL Urine creatinine 120mg/dL Urine volume 1.75 L/day Surface area 1.80 m2

    16 ml/min

  • 54

    Acidosis and alkalosis are best defined as fluctuations in blood pH and CO2 due to changes in which of the following?

    Bicarbonate buffer

  • 55

    What condition is suggestive given the following laboratory data? Alkaline phosphatase – extremely high Direct bilirubin – normal Gamma glutamyl transferase – normal Alanine aminotransferase - normal

    paget’s disease

  • 56

    When the enzyme galactose-1-phosphate uridyl transferase is deficient, it will result to one of the following condition:

    maple syrup urine disease

  • 57

    A patient presents with Addison’s disease. What would be the expected results for serum sodium and potassium?

    Low sodium, High potassium

  • 58

    In laboratory safety, good personal behaviour/habits include all of the following EXCEPT:

    pipetting by mouth

  • 59

    All of the following are interactions that stabilize the tertiary structure of a protein except which one?

    Vander Waal’s

  • 60

    Which uric acid method is associated with positive bias caused by reducing agents?

    phosphotungstic acid using protein free filtrate

  • 61

    Which of the following cases DOES NOT suggest random error?

    4:1

  • 62

    Which percentage of total serum calcium is non-diffusable protein bound?

    50-60%

  • 63

    Micelles of fatty acids in water are organized such that the_____ faces the solvent and the _____ are directed toward the interior

    both A and B

  • 64

    Which of the following conditions result to increased anion gap?

    metabolic acidosis due to diarrhea

  • 65

    Which of the following is the formula for calculating the molarity of a solution?

    number of moles/L of solution

  • 66

    A patient is admitted to the emergency room in a state of metabolic alkalosis. Which of the following would be consistent with this diagnosis?

    Low TCO2, decreased H2CO3

  • 67

    Which is this reason for the toxicity of carbon monoxide?

    It has 200 times the affinity of oxygen for hemoglobin binding sites

  • 68

    Which of these transport protein will be increased in iron deficiency anemia?

    transferring

  • 69

    What type of Pipet is also known as “Rinseout” pipet?

    To Contain Pipet

  • 70

    Which of the following westgard rule detects random error

    1:3s

  • 71

    The first category of steps in performing venipuncture includes one of the following activity:

    identify the patient, check test requisition, assembly equipment, wash hands, wear gloves

  • 72

    How will increased physical activity AND prolonged fasting affect assay results? 1. increased alanine and lactate 2. increased bilirubin level 3. increased CK activity 4. no change in cholesterol level 5. immediate fall and subsequent rise in fatty acids 6. decreased glucose level

    1,3,5 and 2,4,6

  • 73

    Which of the following glycosidic linkage is found in maltose?

    Glucose (α1-4) Glucose

  • 74

    Hepatocellular damage may be best assessed by which of the following parameters?

    serum AST and ALT levels

  • 75

    From the types of pipets below, identity which is calibrated to contain one specified volume only?

    either serologic or volumetric

  • 76

    Which of the following factors is not responsible for the denaturation of proteins?

    charge

  • 77

    Which of the following sets of laboratory results best describe respiratory acidosis?

    Increased in CO2 and PCO2 with decreased pH

  • 78

    What is measured when an accelerator is NOT present in the determination of bilirubin?

    delta bilirubin

  • 79

    Which of the following is a tropic hormone?

    growth hormone

  • 80

    When there is reduced activity of the enzyme alpha-keto decarboxylase, this will results to what condition?

    maple syrup disease

  • 81

    This alkaline phosphatase isoenzyme is used to differentiate intrahepatic from extrahepatic obstruction because it is negative in extrahepatic obstruction:

    placental isoenzyme

  • 82

    This is the largest non-immunoglobulin which rises tenfold or more in nephritic syndrome

    alpha-2-macroglobulin

  • 83

    What is the primary product of methanol metabolism by the alcohol-aldehyde dehydrogenase system?

    Formic acid

  • 84

    What is the characteristics of sphingolipids?

    They all contain ceramide joined to a polar group

  • 85

    Using the following data: Na= 143 mmol/L; K= 4.9 mmol/L; Cl=105 mmol/L and HCO3= 25mmol/L, which of the following statements is correct?

    Anion gap is not used in detecting some disease states.

  • 86

    Which of the following sets of values is indicative of diabetes mellitus as diagnosed by the NDDG?

    FBS->140 mg/dl 1 h ->200 mg/dl 2hPP- 200 mg/dl

  • 87

    The growth promoting actions of growth hormone are brought about by several liver produced substances called:

    Insulin-like growth factor

  • 88

    What is the molarity of a 2.5N HCL solution?

    2.5 M

  • 89

    Which of the following parametes are directly measured by automated blood gas analyzers?

    pH, PCO2 and PO2

  • 90

    Which of the following statements about the structure of nucleotides is correct?

    The bases in nucleotides are attached to the pentose sugar moieties by a glycosidic bonds.

  • 91

    Which of the following sets of laboratory best describe metabolic acidosis?

    Decreased CO2 and PCO2 with decreased pH

  • 92

    During exercise, the body needs a lot of energy. This requirement is met by the process of gluconeogenesis. What metabolite is being used for this purpose?

    lactate

  • 93

    A fire caused y flammable liquid should be extinguished by using one of the following types of extinguisher:

    Class B

  • 94

    The following tests are included in the newborn screening except

    alpha-1-fetoprotein

  • 95

    Which process converts glucose to lactate and pyruvate?

    glycolysis

  • 96

    Which of the following best describe the bioavailability of drug?

    availability for therapeutic administration

  • 97

    Tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) is the principal active component of what drug?

    Marijuana

  • 98

    Which of the following is the formula for calculating the dilution of a solution? (V= volume; C= concentration)?

    V1 x C1 = V2 x C2

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    ARA · 100問 · 2年前

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    100問 • 2年前
    ARA

    問題一覧

  • 1

    The measurement of this analyte can reflect hyperglycemic states within the previous 2-3 weeks

    fructosamine

  • 2

    hCG-B-Human chorionic gonadotropin is a tumor marker to monitor what condition?

    increase levels are associated with trophoblastic tumors or choriocarcinoma

  • 3

    Which of the following is false about purine and pyrimidine bases?

    At acidic or alkaline pH the bases become charge and their solubility in water decreases

  • 4

    In a spectrophotemetric analysis, what is the purpose of a reagent blank?

    to correct for color contribution of the reagent

  • 5

    Which of the following cell organelles is involved in the process of protein synthesis?

    Ribosomes

  • 6

    Which of the following is a carbohydrate with six carbon atoms and a keto group as the functional group?

    fructose

  • 7

    Which is the chief estrogen in a urine of pregnant women?

    estriol

  • 8

    A70-year-old man arrives at the emergency room with glucose level of 40 mmol/L and a serum of 4+. What is expected of the arterial blood gas of the patient?

    Low pH

  • 9

    Which of the following types of analyzers offers random access capabilities?

    Discrete analyzers

  • 10

    Why is there formation of hematoma on some patients?

    all of these

  • 11

    Which of the following sets of results is consistent with primary hypothyroidism?

    Result D

  • 12

    Which of the following enzymes is common to all enzymatic methods for triglyceride determination

    glycerol kinase

  • 13

    In which of the following pipettes should the liquid or serum be rinsed out completely for the delivery of the correct volume?

    to contain

  • 14

    Which uric acid method is associated with positive bias caused by reducing agents?

    phosphotungstic acid using a protein-free-filtrate

  • 15

    Apolipoprotein B (apo B-100) is the major apolipoprotein found in which lipoprotein?

    LDL

  • 16

    What is estimated when creatinine clearance is performed?

    glomerular filtration rate

  • 17

    Which is the automated method for measuring chloride that generates silver ions in the reaction?

    coulometry

  • 18

    A blood sample is needed from a patient with intravenous (IV) fluid lines running in one arm. Which of the following is an acceptable procedure?

    obtain sample from the other arm

  • 19

    When blood was drown from the wrong patient, what type of error was committed?

    pre-analytical error

  • 20

    One of the following is classified as a physical hazard in the laboratory:

    hazardous allergens

  • 21

    Which of the following electrolytes is that chief cation whose main function is maintaining the osmotic pressure?

    sodium

  • 22

    Which is a cardiac glycoside that is used to treat congenital heart failure and arrhythmias by increasing the force and velocity of myocardial contraction?

    digoxin

  • 23

    During evaluation of adrenal function, a patient had a plasma cortisol determination in the morning after awakening and in the evening. Laboratory results indicate that the morning value was higher than the evening concentration. These results indicate which of the following conditions?

    cushing’s syndrome

  • 24

    Pre-renal AND post-renal azotemia are characterized by the following: 1. congestive heart failure 2. acute glomerulone 3. kidney stones 4. increased protein catabolism 5. tubular necrosis 6. tumor of urinary tract 7. hemorrhage 8. enlarge prostate 9. chronic hepatitis

    1,4,7 and 3,6,8

  • 25

    Mark the incorrect statement about sugar alcohol?

    Terminal –OH group oxidizes

  • 26

    What is the primary clinical utility of measuring CEA?

    Monitoring of recurrence of cancer

  • 27

    This is a collective term for several proteins that participate in the immune reaction and serve as a link to inflammatory response?

    C-reactive proteins

  • 28

    In sample collection, the phlebotomist must be aware of the effects of anticoagulant in the test requested. How will the use of plasma using EDTA as anticoagulant affect alkaline phosphatase levels?

    it will inhibit enzyme activity because Mg will be chelated

  • 29

    How will serum inorganic phosphates be affected if a non fasting specimen is collected?

    increased

  • 30

    What volume is needed to make 500 mL of 0.1 M solution of tris buffer from a solution of a 2 M tris buffer?

    25mL

  • 31

    Which of the following is considered a lipid?

    cholesterol

  • 32

    How will increase physical activity AND prolonged fasting affect assay results? 1. increased alanine and lactate 2. increased bilirubin level 3. increased CK activity 4. no change in cholesterol level 5. immediate fall and subsequent rise in fatty acids 6. decreased glucose level

    1,3,5, and 2,4,6

  • 33

    Which of the following hormones initiates its response by binding to cytoplasmic receptors?

    estrogen

  • 34

    Which of the following is the best analyte to monitor for recurrence of pancreatic cancer?

    CA 19-9

  • 35

    A potassium of 7 mmol/L is obtained. before reporting the result, what would be the first step that a medical technologist should do?

    Check serum for hemolysis

  • 36

    With what alkaline phosphatase isoenzyme does Regan isoenzyme share the same properties?

    placenta

  • 37

    Which of the following hormone is responsible for increasing plasma glucose, glycogenolysis and lipolysis while inhibiting insulin seretion?

    growth hormone

  • 38

    The cause of hyper triglyceridemia in IDDM patients is due to one of the following:

    depression of LPL activity

  • 39

    To prevent getting infected, the health worker should observe the proper “doffing” of the personal protective equipment. One of the following is correct order of taking of the PPE

    gloves, googles, gown, mask

  • 40

    Which of the following statements about fluorometry is true?

    A compound is said to fluoresce when it absorbs light at one wavelength and emits light at a second wavelength

  • 41

    Given the following information, calculate the blood pH. How would you classify the state of the patient if he has this test result? pCO2= 44 mmHG Total CO2= 29 mmol/L

    Alkalosis

  • 42

    Which of the following disease states corresponds with elevated total bilirubin and conjugated bilirubin?

    biliary obstruction

  • 43

    Which of the following target tissues is incapable of producing steroid hormones?

    Placenta

  • 44

    One of the following describe a standard solution

    it is highly purified substance of known composition

  • 45

    Which of the following conditions will invalidate the determination of glycosylated haemoglobin.

    Hemolytic anemia

  • 46

    Which of the following functions as a coenzyme in transaminase reaction?

    Pyridoxal phosphate

  • 47

    Given the following information, calculate the blood pH. pCO2= 44 mmHg Total C02= 29 mmol/L

    6.28

  • 48

    How is primary hypocortisolism differentiated from

    ACTH is elevated in primary and decreased in secondary

  • 49

    Which electrolyte is exchange for sodium in the kidneys through the action of aldosterone?

    Chloride

  • 50

    Which of the following techniques is more commonly used to measure vitamins?

    HPLC

  • 51

    When the coagulation of fresh whole blood is prevented through the use of an anticoagulant, what do we call the straw colored fluid that can be separated from the cellular elements?

    plasma

  • 52

    Which is the most important buffer pair in the plasma

    Bicarbonate/carbonic acid pair

  • 53

    Given the data below, what will be the calculated creatinine clearance? Analyte Result Serum creatinine 1.2 mg/dL Urine creatinine 120mg/dL Urine volume 1.75 L/day Surface area 1.80 m2

    16 ml/min

  • 54

    Acidosis and alkalosis are best defined as fluctuations in blood pH and CO2 due to changes in which of the following?

    Bicarbonate buffer

  • 55

    What condition is suggestive given the following laboratory data? Alkaline phosphatase – extremely high Direct bilirubin – normal Gamma glutamyl transferase – normal Alanine aminotransferase - normal

    paget’s disease

  • 56

    When the enzyme galactose-1-phosphate uridyl transferase is deficient, it will result to one of the following condition:

    maple syrup urine disease

  • 57

    A patient presents with Addison’s disease. What would be the expected results for serum sodium and potassium?

    Low sodium, High potassium

  • 58

    In laboratory safety, good personal behaviour/habits include all of the following EXCEPT:

    pipetting by mouth

  • 59

    All of the following are interactions that stabilize the tertiary structure of a protein except which one?

    Vander Waal’s

  • 60

    Which uric acid method is associated with positive bias caused by reducing agents?

    phosphotungstic acid using protein free filtrate

  • 61

    Which of the following cases DOES NOT suggest random error?

    4:1

  • 62

    Which percentage of total serum calcium is non-diffusable protein bound?

    50-60%

  • 63

    Micelles of fatty acids in water are organized such that the_____ faces the solvent and the _____ are directed toward the interior

    both A and B

  • 64

    Which of the following conditions result to increased anion gap?

    metabolic acidosis due to diarrhea

  • 65

    Which of the following is the formula for calculating the molarity of a solution?

    number of moles/L of solution

  • 66

    A patient is admitted to the emergency room in a state of metabolic alkalosis. Which of the following would be consistent with this diagnosis?

    Low TCO2, decreased H2CO3

  • 67

    Which is this reason for the toxicity of carbon monoxide?

    It has 200 times the affinity of oxygen for hemoglobin binding sites

  • 68

    Which of these transport protein will be increased in iron deficiency anemia?

    transferring

  • 69

    What type of Pipet is also known as “Rinseout” pipet?

    To Contain Pipet

  • 70

    Which of the following westgard rule detects random error

    1:3s

  • 71

    The first category of steps in performing venipuncture includes one of the following activity:

    identify the patient, check test requisition, assembly equipment, wash hands, wear gloves

  • 72

    How will increased physical activity AND prolonged fasting affect assay results? 1. increased alanine and lactate 2. increased bilirubin level 3. increased CK activity 4. no change in cholesterol level 5. immediate fall and subsequent rise in fatty acids 6. decreased glucose level

    1,3,5 and 2,4,6

  • 73

    Which of the following glycosidic linkage is found in maltose?

    Glucose (α1-4) Glucose

  • 74

    Hepatocellular damage may be best assessed by which of the following parameters?

    serum AST and ALT levels

  • 75

    From the types of pipets below, identity which is calibrated to contain one specified volume only?

    either serologic or volumetric

  • 76

    Which of the following factors is not responsible for the denaturation of proteins?

    charge

  • 77

    Which of the following sets of laboratory results best describe respiratory acidosis?

    Increased in CO2 and PCO2 with decreased pH

  • 78

    What is measured when an accelerator is NOT present in the determination of bilirubin?

    delta bilirubin

  • 79

    Which of the following is a tropic hormone?

    growth hormone

  • 80

    When there is reduced activity of the enzyme alpha-keto decarboxylase, this will results to what condition?

    maple syrup disease

  • 81

    This alkaline phosphatase isoenzyme is used to differentiate intrahepatic from extrahepatic obstruction because it is negative in extrahepatic obstruction:

    placental isoenzyme

  • 82

    This is the largest non-immunoglobulin which rises tenfold or more in nephritic syndrome

    alpha-2-macroglobulin

  • 83

    What is the primary product of methanol metabolism by the alcohol-aldehyde dehydrogenase system?

    Formic acid

  • 84

    What is the characteristics of sphingolipids?

    They all contain ceramide joined to a polar group

  • 85

    Using the following data: Na= 143 mmol/L; K= 4.9 mmol/L; Cl=105 mmol/L and HCO3= 25mmol/L, which of the following statements is correct?

    Anion gap is not used in detecting some disease states.

  • 86

    Which of the following sets of values is indicative of diabetes mellitus as diagnosed by the NDDG?

    FBS->140 mg/dl 1 h ->200 mg/dl 2hPP- 200 mg/dl

  • 87

    The growth promoting actions of growth hormone are brought about by several liver produced substances called:

    Insulin-like growth factor

  • 88

    What is the molarity of a 2.5N HCL solution?

    2.5 M

  • 89

    Which of the following parametes are directly measured by automated blood gas analyzers?

    pH, PCO2 and PO2

  • 90

    Which of the following statements about the structure of nucleotides is correct?

    The bases in nucleotides are attached to the pentose sugar moieties by a glycosidic bonds.

  • 91

    Which of the following sets of laboratory best describe metabolic acidosis?

    Decreased CO2 and PCO2 with decreased pH

  • 92

    During exercise, the body needs a lot of energy. This requirement is met by the process of gluconeogenesis. What metabolite is being used for this purpose?

    lactate

  • 93

    A fire caused y flammable liquid should be extinguished by using one of the following types of extinguisher:

    Class B

  • 94

    The following tests are included in the newborn screening except

    alpha-1-fetoprotein

  • 95

    Which process converts glucose to lactate and pyruvate?

    glycolysis

  • 96

    Which of the following best describe the bioavailability of drug?

    availability for therapeutic administration

  • 97

    Tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) is the principal active component of what drug?

    Marijuana

  • 98

    Which of the following is the formula for calculating the dilution of a solution? (V= volume; C= concentration)?

    V1 x C1 = V2 x C2