CC 2024
問題一覧
1
Which of the following Westgard rules detects random error?
1:3s
2
Hazards in the laboratory may either be electrical, radiation, hazards from working with cryogenic materials and ergonomics. One of the items listed below can cause an ergonomic hazard:
Repetitive pounding actions
3
What should be done if a pair of used gloves is accidentally thrown into a garbage Bin containing non-infectious wastes?
Treat the whole garbage/waste as infectious and should be handled accordingly
4
Which among the Westgard multirule is considered a systematic error
4:1s
5
What do we call the straw-colored fluid that is observed after sometime when the sample is collected using sodium oxalate.
plasma
6
Which of the following is commonly encountered xanthine that could potentially interfere with the determination of theophylline?
caffeine
7
What type of error in levy jenning day 19-28 what error
shift
8
Which of the following compounds is NOT a precursor of estrogen?
aldosterone
9
Blood glucose was performed on a patient with the data below.What will be the glucose concentration in SI units?
Concentration of the standard= 100mg/dL
Absorbance of the unknown= 0.52
Absorbance of the standard= 0.32
8.93 mmol/L
10
When theJaffe reaction is employed as a kinetic assay to quantify serum creatinine, which of the following is used in the analysis?
serum sample used directly
11
When plasma is used for determination of sodium,what anticoagulant can give a positive interference to the test?
versene
12
What will increase if there’s
repetitive fist clenching?
potassium
13
It is important to know
before collection if a patient has
excessive muscle exertion.
What would be the effect of
exercise
subsequent fall and increase of fatty acid
14
What non-invasive method
is used to monitor the blood gas
levels in newborns?
transcutaneous monitoring
15
A 26 year old woman in her
26 weeks of pregnancy came to
the lab to undergo 50g OGTT.
Glucose = 150 mg/dl in 1st hour
What will be the possible
diagnosis when the following
results are obtained?
confirmed Dm, should be tested for 3hrs OGTT
16
The following statements
DOES NOT describe insulin
C-peptide is the active form
17
What is the effect of
epinephrine that can affect
physical and emotional stress
Increased glucose leve
18
Which of the following is
measured to correlate glucose
concentration in hexokinase
method?
NAD/NADH
19
Which of the following
should be strictly following when
performing venipuncture?
1. Always be aware that blood
borne infections are acquired
from needle stick
2.
3. Enter the skin w/ the needle
at approx 15° angle with the
bevel of the needle up
4. It is acceptable to withdraw
the needle without removing the
tourniquet
1,3
20
What compound is crucial
intermediate to metabolism of
TAGs to form energy?
Acetyl-CoA
21
Lipid substance most
associated with membrane
structure of nerve tissues
Sphingolipids
22
Lipoprotein that travels with
B-globulins during
electrophoresis
LDL
23
Lipoprotein that transport
cholesterol to other tissues for
membrane and steroid synthesis
LDL
24
Lipoprotein that possess
Apo b 48
Chylomicrons
25
Compute for LDL cholesterol
Total Cholesterol 7,85
Triglycerides 5,25
HDL Cholesterol 1,45
4.55
26
What is the basis of Kjeldahl
technique for determination of
serum total protein
Quantification of nitrogen content of protein
27
Lipids found in neuron
Sphingolipids
28
At ph 8.6 proteins are
negatively charged and migrate
towards
Anode
29
A 3 week pregnant female
was used to the hospital with a
diagnosis of possible liver
disease. Which of the following
enzyme determination would be least useful in confirming the
diagnosis?
ALP
30
Protein spike
Monoclonal
31
Which of the following is an
example of a long-acting
barbitruate?
Phenobarbital
32
What is the indirect method
of measuring urea nitrogen?
Amount of ammonium ions liberated
33
Which of the electrode
below is current producing
(amperometric) rather than
voltage producing
(potentiometric) electrode and
used to measure pO2?
Clark
34
For the determination of
serum bilirubin concentration,
quantitative
is
obtained
by
measuring the green color of:
Azobilirubin
35
True about mohr pipet
Calibration marks do not extend up to the tip of the pipet
36
Increased: Total bilirubin,
Indirect bilirubin, ALT, AST, ALP
Decreased: Urine urobilinogen
Biliary obstruction
37
Not the exact question:
Patient with chronic alcoholism.
White part of the eyes are
slightly yellow.
Test for?
1 - ALT (or ALP, nalipat ko)
2 - SGPT and SGOT
3 - GGT
4 - Total and Direct Bilirubin
123
38
Nalipat ko sorry, about
serum enzymes ni siya.
a. ALP is elevated in bone disease
39
Test Results:
ALP - increased
Creatinine - Increased
CK-MB - normal
Crush injury to the thigh
40
What is the reason for the
addition of an accelerator in
bilirubin determination?
Accelerates combination by dissolving albumin from bilirubin
41
Which of the following sets
of results would be consistent
with macroamylasemia?
Increased serum AMS & Normal urine AMS
42
Which of the following
describes why a hemolyzed
sample gives falsely increased
CK activity?
Adenylate Kinase on the serum produce more ATP or ADP
43
Which instrument requires a
primary and secondary
monochromator?
Fluorometer
44
When measuring K+ with an
ion-selective electrode by
means of liquid ion-exchange
membrane, what antibiotic will
be incorporated into the
membrane?
Valinomycin
45
In colorimetric titration:
The end product is measured by amperometry
46
Fluorometers are designed
so that the path of the exciting
light is at right angle to the path
of the emitted light. What is the
purpose of this design?
Prevent excitation light from reaching the detector
47
Nephelometry is based on
the measurement of light that
is?
Scattered by particles in suspension
48
The conditions below are all
causes
of
alkalosis. Which
condition is associated with
respiratory alkalosis?
Anxiety
49
What electrolyte
measurement is least affected
by hemolysis?
Calcium
50
Which of the following values
is the threshold critical value for
low potassium level?
2.5 mmol/L
51
Which of the following is the
primary mechanism for
vasopressin/ADH release?
Hyperosmolar plasma
52
Which of the following is
NOT associated with
potassium?
Major anion of the intracellular fluid
53
A patient presents with
Addison’s disease. Serum Na
and K analysis are performed.
What would the results reveal?
Low sodium, high potassium levels
54
A patient comes to the
laboratory for his follow-up
check-up and presents to the
receptionist his Doctor's request.
The receptionist makes a list of
the tests requested in a lab
request form. When the results
were released, it was found out
that a very important test was
not included in the list previously
made by the receptionist. What
type of error was committed?
Pre-analytical
55
When do the highest levels
of gonadotropins occur?
At the midpoint of the menstrual cycle
56
Which of the following
contributes the most to total
serum CO2?
HCO3-
57
Which statement below
about adrenal cortical
dysfunction is true?
Cushing's syndrome is associated with glucose intolerance.
58
What enzyme exists chiefly
in skeletal muscle, heart, and
brain; is grossly elevated in
active muscular dystrophy; and
rises early in myocardial
infarction?
Creatinine kinase
59
A patient’s blood gas results
are as follows: pH = 7.31; dCO2
= 2 mmol/L; HCO3 = 20 mmol/L.
These results would be
classified as:
Respiratory alkalosis
60
What enzyme may show
decreased activity or absent
which results to Maple syrup
urine disease?
Alpha keto acid decarboxylase
61
What do we call the ability of
the procedure to measure only
the component it claims to
measure?
Specificity
62
What condition is suggested
given the following laboratory
data?
ALP: extremely high
Direct bilirubin: normal
GGT: normal
Alanine aminotransferase:
normal
Paget's disease
63
Which plasma protein
determines the risk of
cardiovascular disease and is
also an acute phase reactant?
hsCRP
64
Which of the following the
medical technologist must follow
in doing quality control in all
analysis?
1. Analyze something…
2. Always us sound quality
equipment
3. Follow the instructions
excessively
4. Fix the machine before
the instructor finds out
123
65
Secretion of hormones by
the anterior pituitary may be
controlled by the circulating
levels of hormones from the
respective target glands, as well
as hormones secreted by what
organ?
Hypothalamus
66
Which of the following
tissues does NOT secrete
steroid hormones?
Pituitary gland
67
As a screening test for
Cushing's syndrome, the
physician wishes to see whether
a patient exhibits normal diurnal
rhythm in his or her cortisol
secretion. At what time should
the specimen be drawn for
plasma concentration?
8 am, 4pm
68
Urinary HVA is most often
assayed to detect:
Neuroblastoma
69
Because of infertility
problems, a physician would like
to determine when a woman
ovulates. The physician orders
serial assays of plasma
progesterone. From these
assays, how can the physician
recognize when ovulation
occurs?
After ovulation, progesterone rapidly increases
70
A patient has an elevated T3
and free T4 and very low TSH. What is the most likely cause of
these results?
Primary hyperthyroidism
71
Which of the following
compounds is NOT a precursor
of estrogen?
Aldosterone
72
What would be an example of
ectopic hormone production?
Growth hormone production by lung tumors
73
Which formula is most
accurate in predicting plasma
osmolality?
2(Na) + (glucose/18) + (BUN/2.8)
74
Progesterone is synthesized
and secreted by the
Corpus luteum and placenta
75
Which of the following
hormones initiates its response
by binding to cytoplasmic
receptors?
Estradiol
76
What is the primary product
of methanol metabolism by the
alcohol- aldehyde
dehydrogenase system?
Formic acid
77
The term pharmacokinetics
refers to the
Relationship between drug dose and drug blood level
78
An automated CK assay
gives a reading that is above the
limits of linearity. A dilution of
the serum ample is made by
adding 0.1 ml serum and 0.9 ml
normal saline solution. A repeat
assay was done using the
diluted sample and the results
was 350U/L. What should be the
correct report of the undiluted
serum be?
3500
79
Which electrolyte
measurement is least affected
by hemolysis?
Calcium
80
The term "lipid"
encompasses a wide variety of
compounds characterized as being insoluble in nonpolar
solvents. Which of the following
vitamins IS NOT classified as fat
soluble?
Vitamin C
81
Increased trough levels of
aminoglycosides in the serum
are often associated with toxic
effects to which organ?
Kidney
82
In general, in which of the
following situations is the
analysis of a tumor marker most
useful?
Testing for recurrence
83
Which of the following is the
best analyte for breast cancer?
CA 15-3
84
THC (tetrahydrocannabinol)
is the principle active
component of what drug?
Marijuana
85
What is the normality of a
500 ml solution with 7g
H2SO4? (H2SO4 mol wt=98)
0.285
86
What is being measured by
the Para Amino Hippurate test
or the Diodrast test?
Renal blood flow
87
Which amino acid has sulfur
on the R group
Methionine
88
Primary aldosteronism
results from a tumor of the
adrenal cortex. How would the
extracellular fluid be affected?
Increased sodium, decreased potassium levels
89
Which of the following is the
smallest breakdown product of
protein?
Amino acid
90
What reaction involved in
the formation of NAD from
NADH?
Reduction
91
Carbohydrate that has 3
carbon atoms
Glyceraldehyde
92
What is the Structure?
Unsaturated Fatty acids
93
What are products of
Glucose Oxidation?
1. CO2
2. H2O
3. ATP
4. Lactic acid
123
94
Which of the following are
the complete oxidation products
of glucose metabolism?
Carbon dioxide, water, ATP
95
Which of these describes
the chemical bonds formed
when the carboxyl group of one
amino acid is joined to the
amino group of another amino
acid?
Peptide bond
96
Which of the following should be strictly followed when performing venipuncture?
1. Always be aware that blood borne infections are acquired from needle stick
2. above the IV line chuchu
3. Enter the skin w/ the needle at approx 15° angle with the bevel of the needle up
4. It is acceptable to withdraw the needle without removing the tourniquet
13
97
Which of the following proteins has low weight and is found on the surface of nucleated cells
B2- Microglobulin
98
An OB was concerned about a pregnant woman who was at risk of preterm delivery. What is the
best marker for this situation?
Fibronectin
99
The density of a lipoprotein particle is determined mostly by its protein and triglyceride content.
The higher the lipid content, the less dense the lipoprotein particle; therefore, the closer they
migrate to the top of the tube during the ultracentrifugation process.
Both statements are correct
100
Pipettes that needs to be rinsed out for complete delivery of volume
To contain
問題一覧
1
Which of the following Westgard rules detects random error?
1:3s
2
Hazards in the laboratory may either be electrical, radiation, hazards from working with cryogenic materials and ergonomics. One of the items listed below can cause an ergonomic hazard:
Repetitive pounding actions
3
What should be done if a pair of used gloves is accidentally thrown into a garbage Bin containing non-infectious wastes?
Treat the whole garbage/waste as infectious and should be handled accordingly
4
Which among the Westgard multirule is considered a systematic error
4:1s
5
What do we call the straw-colored fluid that is observed after sometime when the sample is collected using sodium oxalate.
plasma
6
Which of the following is commonly encountered xanthine that could potentially interfere with the determination of theophylline?
caffeine
7
What type of error in levy jenning day 19-28 what error
shift
8
Which of the following compounds is NOT a precursor of estrogen?
aldosterone
9
Blood glucose was performed on a patient with the data below.What will be the glucose concentration in SI units?
Concentration of the standard= 100mg/dL
Absorbance of the unknown= 0.52
Absorbance of the standard= 0.32
8.93 mmol/L
10
When theJaffe reaction is employed as a kinetic assay to quantify serum creatinine, which of the following is used in the analysis?
serum sample used directly
11
When plasma is used for determination of sodium,what anticoagulant can give a positive interference to the test?
versene
12
What will increase if there’s
repetitive fist clenching?
potassium
13
It is important to know
before collection if a patient has
excessive muscle exertion.
What would be the effect of
exercise
subsequent fall and increase of fatty acid
14
What non-invasive method
is used to monitor the blood gas
levels in newborns?
transcutaneous monitoring
15
A 26 year old woman in her
26 weeks of pregnancy came to
the lab to undergo 50g OGTT.
Glucose = 150 mg/dl in 1st hour
What will be the possible
diagnosis when the following
results are obtained?
confirmed Dm, should be tested for 3hrs OGTT
16
The following statements
DOES NOT describe insulin
C-peptide is the active form
17
What is the effect of
epinephrine that can affect
physical and emotional stress
Increased glucose leve
18
Which of the following is
measured to correlate glucose
concentration in hexokinase
method?
NAD/NADH
19
Which of the following
should be strictly following when
performing venipuncture?
1. Always be aware that blood
borne infections are acquired
from needle stick
2.
3. Enter the skin w/ the needle
at approx 15° angle with the
bevel of the needle up
4. It is acceptable to withdraw
the needle without removing the
tourniquet
1,3
20
What compound is crucial
intermediate to metabolism of
TAGs to form energy?
Acetyl-CoA
21
Lipid substance most
associated with membrane
structure of nerve tissues
Sphingolipids
22
Lipoprotein that travels with
B-globulins during
electrophoresis
LDL
23
Lipoprotein that transport
cholesterol to other tissues for
membrane and steroid synthesis
LDL
24
Lipoprotein that possess
Apo b 48
Chylomicrons
25
Compute for LDL cholesterol
Total Cholesterol 7,85
Triglycerides 5,25
HDL Cholesterol 1,45
4.55
26
What is the basis of Kjeldahl
technique for determination of
serum total protein
Quantification of nitrogen content of protein
27
Lipids found in neuron
Sphingolipids
28
At ph 8.6 proteins are
negatively charged and migrate
towards
Anode
29
A 3 week pregnant female
was used to the hospital with a
diagnosis of possible liver
disease. Which of the following
enzyme determination would be least useful in confirming the
diagnosis?
ALP
30
Protein spike
Monoclonal
31
Which of the following is an
example of a long-acting
barbitruate?
Phenobarbital
32
What is the indirect method
of measuring urea nitrogen?
Amount of ammonium ions liberated
33
Which of the electrode
below is current producing
(amperometric) rather than
voltage producing
(potentiometric) electrode and
used to measure pO2?
Clark
34
For the determination of
serum bilirubin concentration,
quantitative
is
obtained
by
measuring the green color of:
Azobilirubin
35
True about mohr pipet
Calibration marks do not extend up to the tip of the pipet
36
Increased: Total bilirubin,
Indirect bilirubin, ALT, AST, ALP
Decreased: Urine urobilinogen
Biliary obstruction
37
Not the exact question:
Patient with chronic alcoholism.
White part of the eyes are
slightly yellow.
Test for?
1 - ALT (or ALP, nalipat ko)
2 - SGPT and SGOT
3 - GGT
4 - Total and Direct Bilirubin
123
38
Nalipat ko sorry, about
serum enzymes ni siya.
a. ALP is elevated in bone disease
39
Test Results:
ALP - increased
Creatinine - Increased
CK-MB - normal
Crush injury to the thigh
40
What is the reason for the
addition of an accelerator in
bilirubin determination?
Accelerates combination by dissolving albumin from bilirubin
41
Which of the following sets
of results would be consistent
with macroamylasemia?
Increased serum AMS & Normal urine AMS
42
Which of the following
describes why a hemolyzed
sample gives falsely increased
CK activity?
Adenylate Kinase on the serum produce more ATP or ADP
43
Which instrument requires a
primary and secondary
monochromator?
Fluorometer
44
When measuring K+ with an
ion-selective electrode by
means of liquid ion-exchange
membrane, what antibiotic will
be incorporated into the
membrane?
Valinomycin
45
In colorimetric titration:
The end product is measured by amperometry
46
Fluorometers are designed
so that the path of the exciting
light is at right angle to the path
of the emitted light. What is the
purpose of this design?
Prevent excitation light from reaching the detector
47
Nephelometry is based on
the measurement of light that
is?
Scattered by particles in suspension
48
The conditions below are all
causes
of
alkalosis. Which
condition is associated with
respiratory alkalosis?
Anxiety
49
What electrolyte
measurement is least affected
by hemolysis?
Calcium
50
Which of the following values
is the threshold critical value for
low potassium level?
2.5 mmol/L
51
Which of the following is the
primary mechanism for
vasopressin/ADH release?
Hyperosmolar plasma
52
Which of the following is
NOT associated with
potassium?
Major anion of the intracellular fluid
53
A patient presents with
Addison’s disease. Serum Na
and K analysis are performed.
What would the results reveal?
Low sodium, high potassium levels
54
A patient comes to the
laboratory for his follow-up
check-up and presents to the
receptionist his Doctor's request.
The receptionist makes a list of
the tests requested in a lab
request form. When the results
were released, it was found out
that a very important test was
not included in the list previously
made by the receptionist. What
type of error was committed?
Pre-analytical
55
When do the highest levels
of gonadotropins occur?
At the midpoint of the menstrual cycle
56
Which of the following
contributes the most to total
serum CO2?
HCO3-
57
Which statement below
about adrenal cortical
dysfunction is true?
Cushing's syndrome is associated with glucose intolerance.
58
What enzyme exists chiefly
in skeletal muscle, heart, and
brain; is grossly elevated in
active muscular dystrophy; and
rises early in myocardial
infarction?
Creatinine kinase
59
A patient’s blood gas results
are as follows: pH = 7.31; dCO2
= 2 mmol/L; HCO3 = 20 mmol/L.
These results would be
classified as:
Respiratory alkalosis
60
What enzyme may show
decreased activity or absent
which results to Maple syrup
urine disease?
Alpha keto acid decarboxylase
61
What do we call the ability of
the procedure to measure only
the component it claims to
measure?
Specificity
62
What condition is suggested
given the following laboratory
data?
ALP: extremely high
Direct bilirubin: normal
GGT: normal
Alanine aminotransferase:
normal
Paget's disease
63
Which plasma protein
determines the risk of
cardiovascular disease and is
also an acute phase reactant?
hsCRP
64
Which of the following the
medical technologist must follow
in doing quality control in all
analysis?
1. Analyze something…
2. Always us sound quality
equipment
3. Follow the instructions
excessively
4. Fix the machine before
the instructor finds out
123
65
Secretion of hormones by
the anterior pituitary may be
controlled by the circulating
levels of hormones from the
respective target glands, as well
as hormones secreted by what
organ?
Hypothalamus
66
Which of the following
tissues does NOT secrete
steroid hormones?
Pituitary gland
67
As a screening test for
Cushing's syndrome, the
physician wishes to see whether
a patient exhibits normal diurnal
rhythm in his or her cortisol
secretion. At what time should
the specimen be drawn for
plasma concentration?
8 am, 4pm
68
Urinary HVA is most often
assayed to detect:
Neuroblastoma
69
Because of infertility
problems, a physician would like
to determine when a woman
ovulates. The physician orders
serial assays of plasma
progesterone. From these
assays, how can the physician
recognize when ovulation
occurs?
After ovulation, progesterone rapidly increases
70
A patient has an elevated T3
and free T4 and very low TSH. What is the most likely cause of
these results?
Primary hyperthyroidism
71
Which of the following
compounds is NOT a precursor
of estrogen?
Aldosterone
72
What would be an example of
ectopic hormone production?
Growth hormone production by lung tumors
73
Which formula is most
accurate in predicting plasma
osmolality?
2(Na) + (glucose/18) + (BUN/2.8)
74
Progesterone is synthesized
and secreted by the
Corpus luteum and placenta
75
Which of the following
hormones initiates its response
by binding to cytoplasmic
receptors?
Estradiol
76
What is the primary product
of methanol metabolism by the
alcohol- aldehyde
dehydrogenase system?
Formic acid
77
The term pharmacokinetics
refers to the
Relationship between drug dose and drug blood level
78
An automated CK assay
gives a reading that is above the
limits of linearity. A dilution of
the serum ample is made by
adding 0.1 ml serum and 0.9 ml
normal saline solution. A repeat
assay was done using the
diluted sample and the results
was 350U/L. What should be the
correct report of the undiluted
serum be?
3500
79
Which electrolyte
measurement is least affected
by hemolysis?
Calcium
80
The term "lipid"
encompasses a wide variety of
compounds characterized as being insoluble in nonpolar
solvents. Which of the following
vitamins IS NOT classified as fat
soluble?
Vitamin C
81
Increased trough levels of
aminoglycosides in the serum
are often associated with toxic
effects to which organ?
Kidney
82
In general, in which of the
following situations is the
analysis of a tumor marker most
useful?
Testing for recurrence
83
Which of the following is the
best analyte for breast cancer?
CA 15-3
84
THC (tetrahydrocannabinol)
is the principle active
component of what drug?
Marijuana
85
What is the normality of a
500 ml solution with 7g
H2SO4? (H2SO4 mol wt=98)
0.285
86
What is being measured by
the Para Amino Hippurate test
or the Diodrast test?
Renal blood flow
87
Which amino acid has sulfur
on the R group
Methionine
88
Primary aldosteronism
results from a tumor of the
adrenal cortex. How would the
extracellular fluid be affected?
Increased sodium, decreased potassium levels
89
Which of the following is the
smallest breakdown product of
protein?
Amino acid
90
What reaction involved in
the formation of NAD from
NADH?
Reduction
91
Carbohydrate that has 3
carbon atoms
Glyceraldehyde
92
What is the Structure?
Unsaturated Fatty acids
93
What are products of
Glucose Oxidation?
1. CO2
2. H2O
3. ATP
4. Lactic acid
123
94
Which of the following are
the complete oxidation products
of glucose metabolism?
Carbon dioxide, water, ATP
95
Which of these describes
the chemical bonds formed
when the carboxyl group of one
amino acid is joined to the
amino group of another amino
acid?
Peptide bond
96
Which of the following should be strictly followed when performing venipuncture?
1. Always be aware that blood borne infections are acquired from needle stick
2. above the IV line chuchu
3. Enter the skin w/ the needle at approx 15° angle with the bevel of the needle up
4. It is acceptable to withdraw the needle without removing the tourniquet
13
97
Which of the following proteins has low weight and is found on the surface of nucleated cells
B2- Microglobulin
98
An OB was concerned about a pregnant woman who was at risk of preterm delivery. What is the
best marker for this situation?
Fibronectin
99
The density of a lipoprotein particle is determined mostly by its protein and triglyceride content.
The higher the lipid content, the less dense the lipoprotein particle; therefore, the closer they
migrate to the top of the tube during the ultracentrifugation process.
Both statements are correct
100
Pipettes that needs to be rinsed out for complete delivery of volume
To contain