software that provides a platform for other software to work

manages hardware, users and resources used by software. Manage processors, memory, applications, security

which program will run on the processor and how much time it will get to run

printer out of paper

divide by zero error

data used by the program is copied into main memory the operating system keeps a record of where each program is located the operating system will make sure not to overwrite existing programs and data

web browsers music and video players

operating system provides graphical user interface it copies the program into RAM it is removed from RAM may be responsible for updating and installing applications

the computer and operating system the application programs the user data

usernames and passwords access rights encryption

encryption software defragmentation software data compression

they perform extra functionality and housekeeping tasks that keep computers running efficiently

used to encode text so that it cannot be understood without knowing the key to decode it

defragmenting a large file means the files will be reorganised so that files can be stored together, meaning read times are faster and there is more free space meaning new files wont have to be fragmented

they reduce the amount of storage space needed on a disk meaning less data needs to be sent, meaning quicker transmission times. allows things to be sent on email that may otherwise have to be sent on something else

RAM, ROM and CPU

a washing machine, a microwave

interior lighting remote parking

embedded - slow non-embedded - fast

embedded - new software cannot be installed non-embedded - new software can be installed

embedded - stored in ROM non-embedded - stored on hard drives