also referred to as science and technology studies, is the study of how social, political, and cultural values affect scientific research and technological innovation, and how these, in turn, affect society.

refers to the interaction between science and technology and social cultural, political and economic contexts which shape and are shaped by them; specific examples throughout human history of scientific and technological developmentsrefers to the interaction between science and technology and social cultural, political and economic contexts which shape and are shaped by them; specific examples throughout human history of scientific and technological developments

systematized body of knowledge

results of scientific inquiry; hardware produced by a scientist

Technology is a complex system of knowledge, skills, people, methods, tools, materials and resources applied and allocated to the development, operation and production of a new or improved product, process or services.

is all about everything around us. It means that it includes scientific ideas, research, experiments and computations that can create technologies.

the concept of inventing it came during 3500 B.C. Humans were severely limited in how much stuff they could transport over land, and how far.

The Chinese invented the first it sometime between the 9th and 11th century;. It enabled mariners to navigate safely far from land, increasing sea trade and contributing to the Age of Discovery Made of lodestone , a naturally-magnetized iron ore,

A german who invented____ in 1440 .He was the first to have created a mechanized process that transferred the ink (which he made from linseed oil and soot) from the movable type to paper.

In these engines, the combustion of fuel releases a high-temperature gas, which, as it expands applies force to a piston, moving it. The engine steered in the Industrial Age. - convert chemical energy to mechanical work

was the first to be awarded a patent for the electric telephone in 1876.

Though several inventors did pioneering work on electronic voice transmission, the invention quickly took off, and revolutionized global business and communication.

in 1962, Scottish scientist, noticed a bacteria-filled Petri dish in his laboratory and the sample had contaminated with a mold.

And that antibiotic mold turned out to be the fungus

is the global system of interconnected computer networks used by billions of people worldwide.

In the 1960s, a team of computer scientist working for the U.S. Defense Department’s ARPA (Advanced Research Projects Agency) built a communication network to connect the computers in the agency,

It used a method of data transmission called “packet switching”. It was the predecessor of the Internet that eventually emerged to become the “Information Superhighway”

These are sustainable technologies. This technology utilizes resources from the environment without causing negative effects to it

use of solar panels to provide electricity

wind mills as source of energy

were able to discover and invent tools and methods as science developed and progressed.

existed long before the written word, there was no historical evidences of how people lived then because written records of any kind dated only in about 5,000 BC.

Discovery of_____ that led to pottery and mud brick houses; first known pottery was in ____ around 10,000 B.С.

recognition and observation of new objects

mental process wherein man’s various discoveries, observation and experience are put together to produce new ways (operation) and means (tools) of obtaining things (usefu

pebble tool traditions, bi-facial tool, or hand axe-traditions, flake tool traditions , and blade tool traditions

making of oldest stone tools (Oldowan toolkit) consists of a. hammer stones b. stone cores c. sharp stone flakes

large cutting tools like hand-axes

includes points(pointed) to make spears -Stone awls to perforate hides and scrapers needles and threads, skin clothing, harpoon, -fishing equipment

was characterized primarily by herding societies, as well as bronze smelting, adoption of agriculture, the shift from food gathering to food producing development of pottery using sediments and clay.

This period is marked with the beginning of mining and metallurgy. ____ denotes the first period in which metal was used, man began smelting copper and alloying with tin or arsenic to make bronze tools and weapons.

2.5 million to 10,000 years ago -Stone Age people lived as nomads -Sheltered under rock overhangs or in caves -Hunter-gatherers

-The cradle of the world’s earliest known civilization -First established in the region in about 3600 BC -“First cities in the world” -Transformed families intro tribes that occupied territories-cities-states

The first writing system

contains the Sumerian historical information and culture. It began as record keeping for trade and evolved into the use of symbols for writing down laws and stories.

actually grew out of a mechanical device that the Sumerians had invented shortly after 3500 B.C. the potter's wheel. The Sumerians simply turn this clay-splattered wheel on its end and hook it to a wagon to make a wheel as a means of practical method for moving heavy objects from one location to another.

was also first invented by Ancient Mesopotamia. Five thousand years ago Mesopotamians started using sailing boats.

The Sumerians were among the_____mapping the movement of stars, planets and moon into sets of constellations, many of which survived in the zodiac and were also recognized by the ancient Greeks

building the foundations of logic, mathematics, engineering, architecture, agriculture, transportation and medicine;

system of counting in units of 60 which served as the basis of 360 degree circle and the 60 minute hour

first capital, commercial and religious center in the Tigris-Euphrates valley

the first leader of the old Babylonian Empire,

New Babylonian Emperor who ordered the “hanging garden of Babylons” and the Isthar Gate

situated in the northeastern part of the African continent

is located along the Nile River which provided a fertile delta.

gave life to the civilization of Egypt.

Egyptian writing wrote with ink and brushes on paper made of Are Reeds which grew in the marshy Nile delta

their writing was in the form of pictorial symbols known as priest-carvings” or “sacred writings”.

Their knowledge of human anatomy, physiology, surgery and medical plants enabled them to master the art and science of _____ their dead.

Created the ____ based on the phases of the moon, consisting of 29 and days.

The first 365-day calendar was devised by _____, early in the Old Kingdom. phases of moon

___still stand today as the monumental evidence of the scientific expertise and technical skills of the ancient Egyptians in geometry, engineering, architecture and labor management.

Pyramid monuments

is the oldest of the ancient wonders and the only one still in existence.

Immense Egyptian structures built to serve as a final resting place for the Pharaohs and their families.(“mountain of God”)

A process of slowly drying a dead body to prevent it from rotting. The process was commonly used in Egypt for Pharaohs and members of the royal family to prepare them for the afterlife.

Located between Turkey, Egypt, and Greece -“the first link to in the European chain”

were a mercantile people engaged in overseas trade-tin, alloyed with copper

one of the largest eruption in human history

used as a writing medium

tall, four-sided, narrow tapering monument which ends in a pyramid-like shape at the top.

shadow clock used by Egyptian, tell time by means of the shadow casted by the object as reflected by the sun

a shadow producing device

is a country in Southern Europe located at the crossroads of Europe, Asia, and Africa. Its mainland is located at the southernmost tip of the Balkan Peninsula

Made of iodstone

THE PERIOD OF PREHISTORY THAT BEGINS WITH THE DEVELOPMENT OF STONE TOOLS

-EARLY HOMINIDS DEVELOPED INTO

Stones chipped to make points *Wood and bone tools *Nets from plant fibers and animal sinew

Polished stones to make points *More specialized tools: -chisels

adoption of iron smelting technology (ferrous metallurgy from carbon steel) -iron were stronger and cheaper to make than bronze equivalents

Mesopotamia () B.Egypt () C.China ( D.India

-They were among the first to extract gold by large-scale mining using fire-setting, and the first recognizable map.

-Located between Turkey, Egypt, and Greece

Literally means wedge shaped

Arpa