chapter 6.3 study

chapter 6.3 study
18問 • 1年前
  • Ishil Arsalan
  • 通報

    問題一覧

  • 1

    What is cancer?

    A collective name for many different diseases caused by a common mechanism: uncontrolled cell division

  • 2

    Why do errors occur in cell division despite the redundancy and overlapping levels of cell-cycle control?

    Because the cell-cycle controls are fully functional but errors still occur

  • 3

    What is one of the critical processes monitored by the cell-cycle checkpoint surveillance mechanism?

    The proper replication of DNA during the S phase

  • 4

    What happens even when all of the cell-cycle controls are fully functional?

    A small percentage of replication errors will be passed on to the daughter cells

  • 5

    What results when a change to the DNA nucleotide sequence occurs within a gene?

    A gene mutation

  • 6

    What are the genes that code for the positive cell-cycle regulators called?

    Proto-oncogenes

  • 7

    What happens to proto-oncogenes when they are mutated?

    They become oncogenes—genes that cause a cell to become cancerous

  • 8

    What might happen to the cell cycle in a cell with a recently acquired oncogene?

    The alteration of the DNA sequence will result in a less functional protein

  • 9

    What is the result of the alteration of the DNA sequence in a cell with a recently acquired oncogene?

    A less functional (or non-functional) protein

  • 10

    What happens to a cell that cannot reproduce due to a mutation?

    The mutation is not propagated and the damage is minimal

  • 11

    What can occasionally happen as a result of a gene mutation?

    An increase in the activity of a positive regulator

  • 12

    What is an example of how a mutation can affect cell-cycle regulation?

    A mutation that allows Cdk to be activated before it should be

  • 13

    What could happen if Cdk is activated before it should be?

    The cell cycle would pass a checkpoint before all required conditions are met

  • 14

    What happens if the resulting daughter cells are too damaged to undertake further cell divisions?

    The mutation is not propagated and no harm comes to the organism

  • 15

    What is likely to happen to the subsequent generation of cells if the atypical daughter cells are able to divide further?

    An increase in the activity of a positive regulator

  • 16

    What category of genes does the Cdk example belong to?

    Proto-oncogenes

  • 17

    What types of proteins can be altered to override cell-cycle checkpoints?

    Any protein that influences the cell cycle

  • 18

    What happens to a proto-oncogene when it is altered to increase the rate of the cell cycle?

    It becomes an oncogene

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    問題一覧

  • 1

    What is cancer?

    A collective name for many different diseases caused by a common mechanism: uncontrolled cell division

  • 2

    Why do errors occur in cell division despite the redundancy and overlapping levels of cell-cycle control?

    Because the cell-cycle controls are fully functional but errors still occur

  • 3

    What is one of the critical processes monitored by the cell-cycle checkpoint surveillance mechanism?

    The proper replication of DNA during the S phase

  • 4

    What happens even when all of the cell-cycle controls are fully functional?

    A small percentage of replication errors will be passed on to the daughter cells

  • 5

    What results when a change to the DNA nucleotide sequence occurs within a gene?

    A gene mutation

  • 6

    What are the genes that code for the positive cell-cycle regulators called?

    Proto-oncogenes

  • 7

    What happens to proto-oncogenes when they are mutated?

    They become oncogenes—genes that cause a cell to become cancerous

  • 8

    What might happen to the cell cycle in a cell with a recently acquired oncogene?

    The alteration of the DNA sequence will result in a less functional protein

  • 9

    What is the result of the alteration of the DNA sequence in a cell with a recently acquired oncogene?

    A less functional (or non-functional) protein

  • 10

    What happens to a cell that cannot reproduce due to a mutation?

    The mutation is not propagated and the damage is minimal

  • 11

    What can occasionally happen as a result of a gene mutation?

    An increase in the activity of a positive regulator

  • 12

    What is an example of how a mutation can affect cell-cycle regulation?

    A mutation that allows Cdk to be activated before it should be

  • 13

    What could happen if Cdk is activated before it should be?

    The cell cycle would pass a checkpoint before all required conditions are met

  • 14

    What happens if the resulting daughter cells are too damaged to undertake further cell divisions?

    The mutation is not propagated and no harm comes to the organism

  • 15

    What is likely to happen to the subsequent generation of cells if the atypical daughter cells are able to divide further?

    An increase in the activity of a positive regulator

  • 16

    What category of genes does the Cdk example belong to?

    Proto-oncogenes

  • 17

    What types of proteins can be altered to override cell-cycle checkpoints?

    Any protein that influences the cell cycle

  • 18

    What happens to a proto-oncogene when it is altered to increase the rate of the cell cycle?

    It becomes an oncogene