Introduction to Computing

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It is a “programmable electronic device

computer

Types of computers

mainframes, desktops, laptops, tablets, smartphones

In chronological order what is the Computing Cycle

input, process, output, storage

An individual inputs information via mouse and keyboard

input

Input information is processed by the computer

prcoess

Information is output on computers monitor

output

Processed information is stored on the computers hard drive

storage

Are high performing, extremely fast and often cost millions of dollars. They are often used more for calculations and problem solving.

supercomputer

Are like supercomputers in that they are high-performance very fast computers. They are often used for high volume and intense processing such as credit card transactions and scientific research. One of the biggest differences between a mainframe and a supercomputer is their hardware and the types of tasks they perform. Many mainframes cost hundreds of thousands of dollars.

mainframe

Often called "laptops" are small and very portable. However, laptops are more like portable PCs that weigh somewhere between 2-8 lbs. whereas notebooks are smaller, lighter in weight and generally have less processing power than a laptop.

notebook computers

Personal computers (PC) are designed for personal and home use. Sometimes these computers are known as "desktop computers" but they can also be referred to as a server, microcomputer or laptop. Most of these computers use a keyboard, mouse, monitor and of course the system unit itself.

microcomputers

Even smaller and lighter than a laptop or notebook. They are used primarily for inputting information. Many tablets do not have a keyboard and rely solely on a touchscreen that reacts to either a finger or special pen called a “stylus”. Almost all tablets come with a camera, speakers and microphone making them ideal for video conferences or chatting with friends.

tablet computers

Examples of this include, smartphones, GPS devices, Nintendo DS, iPod and Sony PSP. Smartphones are like tablets except that they are also a phone. Many people use their smartphone as a Personal Information Manager (PIM) and even synchronize their device with their computer. They will use their smartphone to check e-mail, make phone calls, keep their list of contacts, connect with social media, browse the Internet and play games.

handheld computers

A sequence of steps

processes

•A detailed and systematic description of a sequence of steps designed to accomplish a specific task or solve a particular problem. • Serves as a set of instructions that outline exactly what needs to be done at each stage of a process. • Crucial for ensuring that tasks are carried out consistently and accurately.

procedures

• A well-defined, step-by-step procedure designed to perform a specific task or solve a particular problem. • Consists of a finite sequence of instructions that, when executed in order, produce a desired outcome or result. • Crucial in programming and problem-solving

algorithm

Raw or unprocessed material that have no specific meaning on their own.

data

Types of data

quantitative, qualitative

The result of combining, comparing, analyzing or performing calculations on data in a way that adds meaning and context

information

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