Micro ch. 3
Question list
1
The standard unit of measure of length used in the metric system is the liter.
True/False
False
2
The objectives of a compound microscope are a part of the illuminator system.
True/False
False
3
The part of the microscope that controls the amount of light is the...
A. Objective
B. Ocular
C. Condenser
D. Stage
C
4
Auramine O is a fluorescent dye used to visualize Mycobacterium tuberculosis.
True/False
True
5
Which of the following microscopes forms a halo around the specimens?
A. Dark field
B. TEM
C. SEM
D. Phase contrast
D
6
Gentian violet can be used as a counterstain for acid-fast staining.
True/False
False
7
Some bacteria can form a protective barrier against harsh conditions known as a ....
A. Flagellum
B. Cilia
C. Plaque
D. Spore
D
8
Woese and Hesse are credited with the discovery of using agar in the lab.
True/False
False
9
Which of the following structures allows the motility of the microbes and requires the use of Mordant to view?
A. Cilia
B. Capsule
C. Flagella
D. None of the above
C
10
Why is a capsule difficult to stain?
A. Capsules are water soluble
B. Capsules become gelatinous in media
C. They are not difficult to stain
D. None of the above
A
11
Reducing media is used to support the growth of aerobic microbes.
True/False
False
12
Staphylococcus aureus ferments mannitol salt and turns the agar what color?
A. Blue
B. Red
C. Pink
D. Yellow
D
13
Blood agar is a combination of nutrients and the erythrocytes from what animal?
A. Cat
B. Cow
C. Sheep
D. Horse
C
14
Catalase positive results are marked by the appearance of what?
A. CO2
B. Steam
C. Bubbles
D. Salt
C
15
When performing a coagulase test, if plasma clumps together it is most likely indicative of what microbe?
A. E. Coli
B. S. aureus
C. S. cocci
D. None of the above
B
16
Which term best describes an organism that can grow without oxygen but uses it if available?
A. Aerotolerant anaerobe
B. Microaerophile
C. Facultative anaerobe
D. Obligate aerobe
C
17
Which process enables genetic diversity in bacteria through transfer of genetic material between cells?
A. Transduction
B. Transformation
C. Binary fission
D. Conjugation (plasmid transfer)
D
18
Horizontal gene transfer in bacteria results in what type of genetic outcome?
A. Prophage integration only
B. Decreased mutation rates
C. Loss of plasmids
D. Increased genetic diversity within a population
D
19
Which pathogen type is most commonly associated with candidiasis in humans?
A. Bacteria
B. Viruses
C. Protozoa
D. Fungi (candida species
D
20
Which antibiotic target is most closely associated with inhibiting bacterial cell wall synthesis?
A.Beta-lactams (penicillins)
B. Aminoglycosides
C. Quinolones
D. Tetracyclines
A
21
Which immune response involves antibodies produced by B cells?
A. Innate immunity
B. Humoral immunity
C. Passive immunity
D. Cell-mediated immunity
B
22
Which bacterial structure enables survival in harsh environments by entering a dormant state?
A. Endospore
B. Capsule
C. Biofilm
D. Plasmid
A
23
During which bacterial growth phase is the population increasing most rapidly?
A. Lag phase
B. Stationary phase
C. Death phase
D. Log (exponential) phase
D
24
What is the primary function of the bacterial ribosome?
A. Synthesize proteins
B. Copy DNA into RNA
C. Degrade mRNA
D. Transport molecules across the membrane
A
25
Which structure on bacteria primarily mediates attachment to surfaces and host tissues?
A. Cell wall peptidoglycan
B. Fimbriae (pili)
C. Flagella
D. Capsule
B
26
Which chemical is commonly used to disinfect surfaces and antiseptics due to broad antimicrobial action?
A. Hydrogen peroxide
B. Heavy metals
C. Alcohols (e.g., ethanol)
D. Chlorine bleach
C
27
In a closed microbial culture, what event causes growth to slow and cells enter a stationary phase?
A. Increased oxygen diffusion
B. Temperature shift
C. Nutrient depletion and waste accumulation
D. Spontaneous mutation
C
28
What cellular feature largely determines Gram staining outcome in bacteria?
A. Outer membrane composition
B. Capsule presence
C. Ribosome type
D. Peptidoglycan layer structure and thickness
D
29
Which viral component is essential for recognizing and binding to host cells?
A. Viral attachment proteins (glycoproteins)
B. Matrix proteins
C. Nucleic acid core
D. Capsid only
A
30
Which method is most effective for sterilizing heat-sensitive liquids without destroying their essential components?
A. Autoclaving
B. Filtration (sterile filtration)
C. Desiccation
D. Pasteurization
B
31
What term describes the complete set of genetic material within a cell or organism?
A. Genome
B. Proteome
C. Transcriptome
D. Metabolome
A
32
For observing the smallest viral particles, which microscopy technique is most suitable?
A. Light microscopy with oil immersion
B. Electron microscopy
C. Phase-contrast microscope
D. Scanning electron microscopy only
B
33
Viruses require which of the following to carry out replication?
A. Synthetic ribosomes
B. Oxygen-free environment
C. A living host cell’s machinery
D. Their own metabolism
C
34
Which pathway is most directly linked to ATP production in aerobic respiration?
A. Krebs cycle only
B. Glycolysis
C. Fermentation
D. Oxidative phosphorylation (electron transport chain)
D
35
Which bacterial toxin is released when cells lyse, contributing to disease symptoms?
A. Cytotoxin
B. Neurotoxin
C. Endotoxin
D. Exotoxin
C
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Question list
1
The standard unit of measure of length used in the metric system is the liter.
True/False
False
2
The objectives of a compound microscope are a part of the illuminator system.
True/False
False
3
The part of the microscope that controls the amount of light is the...
A. Objective
B. Ocular
C. Condenser
D. Stage
C
4
Auramine O is a fluorescent dye used to visualize Mycobacterium tuberculosis.
True/False
True
5
Which of the following microscopes forms a halo around the specimens?
A. Dark field
B. TEM
C. SEM
D. Phase contrast
D
6
Gentian violet can be used as a counterstain for acid-fast staining.
True/False
False
7
Some bacteria can form a protective barrier against harsh conditions known as a ....
A. Flagellum
B. Cilia
C. Plaque
D. Spore
D
8
Woese and Hesse are credited with the discovery of using agar in the lab.
True/False
False
9
Which of the following structures allows the motility of the microbes and requires the use of Mordant to view?
A. Cilia
B. Capsule
C. Flagella
D. None of the above
C
10
Why is a capsule difficult to stain?
A. Capsules are water soluble
B. Capsules become gelatinous in media
C. They are not difficult to stain
D. None of the above
A
11
Reducing media is used to support the growth of aerobic microbes.
True/False
False
12
Staphylococcus aureus ferments mannitol salt and turns the agar what color?
A. Blue
B. Red
C. Pink
D. Yellow
D
13
Blood agar is a combination of nutrients and the erythrocytes from what animal?
A. Cat
B. Cow
C. Sheep
D. Horse
C
14
Catalase positive results are marked by the appearance of what?
A. CO2
B. Steam
C. Bubbles
D. Salt
C
15
When performing a coagulase test, if plasma clumps together it is most likely indicative of what microbe?
A. E. Coli
B. S. aureus
C. S. cocci
D. None of the above
B
16
Which term best describes an organism that can grow without oxygen but uses it if available?
A. Aerotolerant anaerobe
B. Microaerophile
C. Facultative anaerobe
D. Obligate aerobe
C
17
Which process enables genetic diversity in bacteria through transfer of genetic material between cells?
A. Transduction
B. Transformation
C. Binary fission
D. Conjugation (plasmid transfer)
D
18
Horizontal gene transfer in bacteria results in what type of genetic outcome?
A. Prophage integration only
B. Decreased mutation rates
C. Loss of plasmids
D. Increased genetic diversity within a population
D
19
Which pathogen type is most commonly associated with candidiasis in humans?
A. Bacteria
B. Viruses
C. Protozoa
D. Fungi (candida species
D
20
Which antibiotic target is most closely associated with inhibiting bacterial cell wall synthesis?
A.Beta-lactams (penicillins)
B. Aminoglycosides
C. Quinolones
D. Tetracyclines
A
21
Which immune response involves antibodies produced by B cells?
A. Innate immunity
B. Humoral immunity
C. Passive immunity
D. Cell-mediated immunity
B
22
Which bacterial structure enables survival in harsh environments by entering a dormant state?
A. Endospore
B. Capsule
C. Biofilm
D. Plasmid
A
23
During which bacterial growth phase is the population increasing most rapidly?
A. Lag phase
B. Stationary phase
C. Death phase
D. Log (exponential) phase
D
24
What is the primary function of the bacterial ribosome?
A. Synthesize proteins
B. Copy DNA into RNA
C. Degrade mRNA
D. Transport molecules across the membrane
A
25
Which structure on bacteria primarily mediates attachment to surfaces and host tissues?
A. Cell wall peptidoglycan
B. Fimbriae (pili)
C. Flagella
D. Capsule
B
26
Which chemical is commonly used to disinfect surfaces and antiseptics due to broad antimicrobial action?
A. Hydrogen peroxide
B. Heavy metals
C. Alcohols (e.g., ethanol)
D. Chlorine bleach
C
27
In a closed microbial culture, what event causes growth to slow and cells enter a stationary phase?
A. Increased oxygen diffusion
B. Temperature shift
C. Nutrient depletion and waste accumulation
D. Spontaneous mutation
C
28
What cellular feature largely determines Gram staining outcome in bacteria?
A. Outer membrane composition
B. Capsule presence
C. Ribosome type
D. Peptidoglycan layer structure and thickness
D
29
Which viral component is essential for recognizing and binding to host cells?
A. Viral attachment proteins (glycoproteins)
B. Matrix proteins
C. Nucleic acid core
D. Capsid only
A
30
Which method is most effective for sterilizing heat-sensitive liquids without destroying their essential components?
A. Autoclaving
B. Filtration (sterile filtration)
C. Desiccation
D. Pasteurization
B
31
What term describes the complete set of genetic material within a cell or organism?
A. Genome
B. Proteome
C. Transcriptome
D. Metabolome
A
32
For observing the smallest viral particles, which microscopy technique is most suitable?
A. Light microscopy with oil immersion
B. Electron microscopy
C. Phase-contrast microscope
D. Scanning electron microscopy only
B
33
Viruses require which of the following to carry out replication?
A. Synthetic ribosomes
B. Oxygen-free environment
C. A living host cell’s machinery
D. Their own metabolism
C
34
Which pathway is most directly linked to ATP production in aerobic respiration?
A. Krebs cycle only
B. Glycolysis
C. Fermentation
D. Oxidative phosphorylation (electron transport chain)
D
35
Which bacterial toxin is released when cells lyse, contributing to disease symptoms?
A. Cytotoxin
B. Neurotoxin
C. Endotoxin
D. Exotoxin
C