問題一覧
1
What is the joint with the following characteristics? -no movements -dense connective tissue holding bones together -bones in close contact -bones in skull, tibia and fibula in leg
Fibrous
2
What is an organelle (specific structure within a cell) that is also called as the "powerhouse of the cell", makes energy from nutrients, have some of their own DNA, and that has two layers (more surface area for making ATP)?
Mitochondria
3
What is the energy currency in cells?
ATP
4
What influences bone growth other than vitamin D, A, C, and K and exposure to sunlight?
Hormonal secretions
5
What is the joint that are made of cartilage that connects bones?
Cartilaginous
6
What is the production of blood cells and platelets, which occurs in the bone marrow?
Hematopoiesis
7
What is also known as the hypodermis or superficial fascia, which is the layer of tissue that underlies the skin?
Subcutaneous layer
8
What are the rings of the extracellular matrix surrounding the central canal?
Lamellae
9
What is a small gland in the skin which secretes a lubricating oily matter (sebum) into the hair follicles to lubricate the skin and hai?
Sebaceous
10
What is the name of a skin condition in which cells of the stratum spinosum divide out of control, and which accumulates in the epidermis?
Squamous cell carcinoma
11
What is the joint with the following characteristics: -most of our joints -more complex -some cartilage
Synovial
12
The process of DNA to protein: 1. ___ and ___ in the nucleus. 2. ___ in the cytosol (internal fluid of the cell, and a part of cell metabolism occurs here)., facilitated by ___ on the rough ER.
Replication, transcription, translation, ribosomes
13
What is a decrease in size of an organ or tissue; wasting?
Atrophy
14
a. b. c. d. e. f. g. h. i. j. k. l. m. n. o. p. q. r. s. t. u. v. w.
a. cranium b. face c. clavicle d. scapula e. sternum f. humerus g. hip bone h. radius i. ulna j. patella k. tibia l. fibula m. tarsals n. metatarsals o. phalanges p. hyoid bone q. vertebral column r. carpals s. metacarpals t. vertebral column u. sacrum v. coccyx w. phalanges
15
What cells absorbs UV radiation from sunlight?
Melanin
16
What determines your skin color besides tanning, diversity, blood cell pigments, and disease?
Oxygen, diet
17
What is the enlargement or increase in the size of an organ or tissue due to the growth and expansion of its constituent cells in response to specific stimuli or conditions?
Hypertrophy
18
What is the tube-like depression with specialized cells that give rise to a hair?
Hair follicle
19
___ -rigid structure. ___ -soft, cushions the joints. ___ -attach bone to bone. ___ -attach muscle to bone.
Bones, cartilage, ligaments, tendons
20
What is the skin condition in which melanocyte cells divide out of control, which originates in a mole or a birthmark, and accumulates in epidermis which causes pigmented tumors?
Malignant melanoma
21
The soft parts of the newborn baby’s skull are known as ___.
Fontanelles
22
___ ___ is a process that forms flat bones.
Intramembranous ossification
23
What is the smooth muscle attached to a hair follicle?
Arrector pili muscle
24
What are the sweat glands that help regulate body temperature and are located on the forehead, neck, and back?
Merocrine sweat glands
25
What are the three accessory structures that derives from the epidermis?
Nails, hair, glands
26
___ ___ occurs in the long bones around the 6th embryonic week.
Endochondral ossification
27
What is a complex organic substance present in living cells, especially DNA or RNA, whose molecules consist of many nucleotides (foundational, building blocks of organisms) linked in a long chain?
Nucleic acids
28
What is the classifying term for skin, hair, nails, and sweat glands called?
Integumentary
29
What is the layer below the epidermis composed of connective tissues?
Dermis
30
What is the stratified squamous epithelium; the superficial layer of the skin called?
Epidermis
31
Bones as a reservoir of ___.
Calcium
32
What is a nucleic acid made of ribose and is single stranded?
RNA
33
What occurs when the balance shifts I. favor of bone loss, especially in women past menopause, due to hormonal changes?
Osteoporosis
34
What are proteins that speed up chemical reactions?
Enzymes
35
a. b. c. d. e. f.
Canaliculus, osteocyte, lacuna, osteon, central canal, trabeculae
36
What is the collection of all chemical reactions that occur in the body?
Metabolism
37
What are the three cells of bone tissue?
Osteocyte, osteoblast, osteoclast
38
What are metabolic pathways (sequence of enzyme-controlled reactions) often controlled by?
Rate-limiting enzyme
39
What are the two types of metabolic reactions?
Anabolism and catabolism
40
What is made of deoxyribose and is double stranded (helix) with hydrogen bonds?
DNA
41
a. b. c. d. e. f. g. h.
Diaphysis, medullary cavity, endosteum, yellow marrow, red marrow, epiphyseal plates, articular cartilage, periosteum
42
What is the "ABCDE" rule that provides a checklist for melanoma?
Asymmetry, border, color, diameter, evolution
43
The outer layer of the skin (epidermis) is stratified squamous epithelium. As the older cells are pushed outward, they accumulate proteins called ___, then harden and die. This "___" produces a covering of dry, tough, protective material that prevents water and other substances from escaping from underlying tissues and blocks chemicals and microorganisms from entering.
Keratins, keratinization
44
Where is the region of progenitor cells (descendants of stem cells that then further differentiate to create specialized cell types)?
Hair root
45
What are the sweat glands that activate during puberty and have ducts that open into hair follicles?
Apocrine sweat glands
46
What are the phagocytes in the epidermis that immunes protection?
Dendritic cells
47
What cells contain organelles called melanosomes and produces melanin in the epidermis?
Melanocytes
48
What cells correspond with a nerve and are responsive to light pressure ?
Tactile cells
49
How do bones grow?
Ossification