Macro Perspective of Tourism (exam)

81問 • 2年前

問題一覧

Person who, visits a country other than that in which he usually resides for a period of at least 24 hours”. This was held to include persons traveling for pleasure, domestic reasons or health, person traveling, to meeting or on business and persons visiting a country on a cruise vessel even if for less than 24 hours.

Tourist

Temporary visitors staying less than 24 hours in the destination visited and not making an overnight stay, including cruise travelers but excluding travelers in transit.

Excursionists

What are the elements of Travel

Distance, Length of Stay at Destination, Residence of the Traveler, Purpose of travel,

Is the difference between local travel or traveling within a person’s home community and non – local travel or travelling away from home. It excludes commuting to and from work and change in residence.

Distance

is defined as “each time a person goes to a place at least 100 miles away from home and returns.” This definition may be applied in measuring travel by the residents of a country.

Trip

The second basic element of travel used as a criteria for defining travelers.Tourists are temporary visitors who make at least one overnight in the country that they visit

Length of stay

the third basic element of travel. For business and research purposes, it is important to know where people live.

Residence of the traveler

The fourth basic elements can be divided into seven: 1. Visiting friends and relatives 2. Conventions, seminars, and meetings 3. Business 4. Outdoor recreation – hunting, fishing, boating and camping 5. Entertainment – sightseeing, theater, sports 6. Personal – family, medical, funeral, wedding 7. Others

Purpose of Travel

refers to travel taken exclusively within the national boundaries of the traveler’s country. People find it easy to do so because there are no language, currency, nor documentation barriers.

Domestic Tourism

involves the movement of people across international boundaries. It is more difficult to travel outside one’s own country because the country visited has a different language, a different currency and documentation requirements such as passports, visas and other conditions of entry to be met by tourists.

International Tourism

sometimes called inclusive tour is an arrangement in which transport and accommodation is bought by tourist at an all – inclusive price of the individual elements cannot be determined by the purchaser himself. The tour operator who organizes the package tour purchases transport and hotel accommodation in advance, usually obtaining these at a lower price because he is buying them in bulk. He then sells the tours individually to tourists direct or through travel agents. On the other

PAckage tour

s one in which the tourist buys these facilities separately, either making reservations in advance through a travel agent or route during his tour.

Independent tour

one in which the tourist travels to his destination individually

Independent inclusive tour

he travels in the company of other tourists.

Group inclusive tour (GIT)

These are the Nature of a Tour

Domestic Tourism INternational Tourism Inclusive tour INdependent Tour INdependent inclusive tour Group Inclusivce tour

(First characteristics of Tourist Product) It is an intangible item. It cannot be inspected by prospective purchasers before they buy as they can with a washing machine, a stereo or other consumer goods. The purchase of a package tour involves a high degree of trust on the part of the buyer.

Service

(Second characteristics of the tourist product) It is more than a collection of services such as an aircraft seat and a hotel room. It is the temporary use of a strange environment plus the culture and heritage of the region and other intangible benefits such as atmosphere and hospitality.

Psychological Attraction

(third characteristics of Tourist Product) A package tour cannot be consistently of equal standard. A bumpy flight can change an enjoyable experience into a nightmare; a good room in a hotel may be spoiled by poor food and a holiday at the seaside can be destroyed by a prolonged rainy spell.

Standard and quality over time

(4th characterstics of tourist product) The number of hotel rooms available at a particular resort cannot be varied to meet the changing demands of tourists during a particular season. The unsold hotel room or aircraft seat cannot be stored for rarer sale as is the case with tangible products. Thus, great efforts are made to fill hotel rooms and aircraft by discounting the prices of these products at the last minute.

supply of the product is fixed.

Consists of what the tourist buys. In a wider sense, it is a combination of what the tourist does at the destination and the services he uses during his stay

Tourist product

Is a geographical unit which the tourist visits and where he stays. It may be a village, a town, a city, a district, a region, an island, a country or a continent.

Toursits Destination

The success of a tourist destination depends upon the interrelationship of three basic factors:

Attractions Ameneties or facilities Accessibilities

It is one in which the destination itself has appeal it may be a, a geographical region such as the Alps, a city, a resort such as Boracay

Site attraction

is one in which tourists are drawn to the destination solely because of what is taking place there. It include congresses, exhibitions, festivals, such as the Ati – atihan Festival and sports events such as the Olympic Game

Event attraction

It is an attraction that include mountains, beaches, climatic features such as sunshine and pure air.

Natural Attraction

It is an acctraction that include buildings of historical or architectural interest such as Fort Santiago, holiday camps or “theme parks” such as Disneyland in Los Angeles, USA.

Man made attraction

include accommodation food, local transport and communications and entertainment at the site.

Ameneties or Facilities

means having regular and convenience of transport in terms of time / distance to the destination from the originating country at a reasonable price. If private transport is to be the means of access, tourism flow will depend upon adequate roads, gasoline stations and the like. Good railways and coach services, airport and seaports are designed to facilitate accessibility.

Accessibility

What are the tourist services

Transport, accomodation, food and beverage and entertainment, food

A third group of tourist services consists of those provided by the travel agent and by the tour operator.

Food

is the distributor of the product and provides an intermediary function between the tourist and the providers of transport and accommodation

Travel Agent

The malnufacturer of the procuct and combines the individual components of a holiday into a product which is then sold directly to the public or through travel agents. Other tourist services include currency, documentation, information, sightseeing, and shopping.

Tour operator

What are the importance of Tourism

Contribution to the balance of payments Dispersion of development Effect on general economic development Employment opportunities Social benefits Cultural enrichment educational significance a vital force for peace

What are the characteristics of tourism

-In tourism, the product is not brought to the consumer; rather, the consumer has to travel and go to the product to purchase it. -The products of tourism are not used up -tourism is a labor intensive industry -Tourism is people oriented -tourism is a multi-dimensional Phenomenon -The tourist industry is seasonal -The industry is dynamic

is a multifaceted discipline and includes many sub fields of study such areas as human development , sports , health , clinical , social behavior and cognitive processes

Psychological

go from one place to another , as by car , train , plane , or ship. take a trip journey to travel for pleasure . to move or go from one place or point to another . proceed or advanced and anyway

Travel

are defined as factors which inhibit either initial or further travel , constrain an individuals ability to maintain or increase the frequency of travel and or negatively affect their quality of travel

Travel Constraints

include those related to physical rest sports, participation , beach recreation , relaxing entertainment and other motivator directly connected with health

Physical Motivators

include the desire to know about other countries their music , art , folklore , dances paintings and religion

Cutlural motivator

pertain to the desire to meet other people , visit friends or relatives , escape from routine , from family and neighbors

Interpersonal motivators

concern ego needs and personal development . included in this group our trips related to business , conventions , study and pursuit of hobbies and education

Status and Prestige motivators

among business travelers , the cost of the trip is shouldered by a company . hence , travel is not influenced by personal income . the volume and rate of growth is not greatly affected by the cost of travel. this means that business travelers will continue even if the price travel services increases.

Regular business travelers

is a special type of business travel . it is a travel given by firms to employees as a reward for some accomplishment or to encourage employees to achieve more than what is required

Incentive travelers

what are the four kinds of conventions

international , continental , national , and regional convention

what are the travel constraints

lack of money lack of time lack of safety and security physical disability family commitments lack of interest in travel fears of travel

is the study of scarcity and its implication for the use of resources , productions of goods and services , growth of production and welfare over time , and a great variety of other complex issues of vital concern to the society.

Economic

what are the tourist contribution to the economiy

sales , revenue and income employment fiscal impact taxes & infrastructure costs prices economic base structure

an effect in economics in which an increase in spending produces in national income and consumption greater than the initial amount spent

Tourist and Multiplier effect

hear the truth purchase goods and services either for their own use or for gifts

Direct Revenue

it the tourist have already paid the suppliers or travel contractors , their expenditures still continue to have an economic impact on the destination

Indirect revenue

in search for qualified manpower , local educational institutions are encouraged to setup programs or courses that will answer the issues and manpower development

Employment

as long as there are employment and business activities , money circulates within the area . success from these activities are often hidden as part of the package costs . a business revenue and the corresponding taxes paid should be reported every quarter to the local government revenue office . sss remittance and other local taxes .

financial impact taxes and infrastructure costs

taxes and fees that carries has already paid for prior to departure from its point of origin are:

airport tax airport departure tax for the return trip entry or transit visa entry permit to parks or museum fuel charges on airfare

it refers to the effect on national income and product of an exogenous increase in demand

income multiplier effect

what are the social and cultural impact

if people travel , it open up an opportunity for the traveler to understand other customs and to exchange information and ideas from the people in the destination areas. new ideas are then brought back by the travellers to their respective residences or hometowns and possibly emulated for their own implementation the host community may , at first , enjoy the attention given by the visitors , as tourism provides a community an earning opportunities too the local privacy , customs , or beliefs are likely to be compromised in exchange for the remuneration or fees paid by the visitors the tourist may also bring some distress or influence to the local culture with the items there bring on the trip , or even with the way they behave or dress up while they are in the host destination

what are the environmental impact of tourism

air emissions noise solid waste littering sewage oil and chemicals architectural or visual pollution

global warming as a result of the greenhouse effect , which is caused by the burning of fuels coming from the motor vehicles in various industries examples are flood, drought, forest fire , soil erosion, and many other forms of natural catastrophe

Climate change

it has paved the way for new markets , enhanced rate and investment , and fostered cross-border technology and knowledge transfers. these development have contributed to the greater economic growth , improve productivity , and job creation in numerous areas worldwide.

impact of globalization

what are the factors associated with increased tourism demand

economic factor social factor demographic factors technological factors political factors

while the construction industries still preparing for the establishment of their hotel or resort facilities and other attractions it's already contributing to the local areas economy it. create a demand for food , services , and housing it requires the human power which will have an impact on the area in terms of radius , housing needs , food supplies , and other services . supply to the local economy.

Economic factor: increase income

the sociocultural landscape include factors such as

population structures and distribution values and attitudes education occupation safety and security immigration and emigration community spirit and cohesion demographics

the average family size in the philippine was large . each family had about an average of six children

Early 1900s

the so-called baby boomers were growing up . this generation has smaller families because couples opted to have fever children

Work war 2

suppliers and service providers should consider the market they wish to attract to the destination . they will have to look into the age bracket, lifestyle , income , areas of residence , interest , and hobbies of these market

Demographic factor: reduce family size , population increase , organization

advancement in technology , and faster internet access , new high-tech gadgets , more business to consumer

technological factor

politicians understanding of the value of tourism in their respective areas

political factor

the greatest reason for travel can be summed up in one word escape from the dull daily routine. travel can provide diversity it removes a person from familiar surroundings to something that is new and exciting

The need for escape or change

development in the field of medicine have influenced travel for centuries giving rise to the concept of health tourism the search for health and long life as popularized a spot seasides resorts as well as sun resorts. majority of people think of regaining one's Energies, interest, and enthusiasm for the job.

Travel for health

natural beauty such as the sunset , trees mountains waterfalls flowers beach. people are inspired by the beauty of nature the trips of city dwellers to the rural areas on weekend.

search for natural

a great portion business travel is mixed with pleasure for example tourist may be attending a convention in las vegas but may spent half of his time gambling casino

professional and business motives

factoring international understanding are some of the reasons to know different city about other cultures , lifestyles , and places. it is a primary reason for international travel

Cultural experience

it is the search for spiritual experiences , patriotism , and wholesomeness. (religious site)

Personal Values

travel provide the means for ego or self enhancement. traveling to a poor country can provide the traveller with a feeling of superiority . travel also provide a means of mingling with the wealthy and social elite.

Status and Prestige

human beings are social animals. they need contact & communication with others. they feel comfortable in a tour group and in the group the traveler may develop friendships that me last for years

Social Contact

people here is either as a participating or a spectator is attracting large segments of the population period people demand activity and excitement during their leisure hours to relieve them from the boredom of their work

sports

less money means less travel. the wealthy members of society are the ones who travel most. people with more disposable income will be able to travel more than those who just earn enough to live on

lack of money

areas may acquire the reputation of being dangerous and this become less desirable travel destinations.

Lack of security and safety

elderly who are more susceptible to illness such as heart trouble travel less. at age 70, very few travel because for most of them long trips are tiring, changes in food are upsetting and strange bed may cause sleeplessness

Physical disability

parents with young children find it inconvenient and expensive to go on holiday.it could be because they have young children, taking care of the sick, or looking after all people really affects travel

family commitments

this mainly due to a preference to simply stay at home . this condition may be due to a variety of factors such as dislike of travel, shyness in meeting people, dislike of changing routine and many more

Lack of interest in travel

many travelers are afraid to go to countries where they cannot understand the languages. some potential travelers are afraid of the unfamiliar decisions they will have to make in a strange place such as how much a tip and how to get around a strange city.

fears

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問題一覧

Tourist

Temporary visitors staying less than 24 hours in the destination visited and not making an overnight stay, including cruise travelers but excluding travelers in transit.

Excursionists

What are the elements of Travel

Distance, Length of Stay at Destination, Residence of the Traveler, Purpose of travel,

Distance

is defined as “each time a person goes to a place at least 100 miles away from home and returns.” This definition may be applied in measuring travel by the residents of a country.

Trip

The second basic element of travel used as a criteria for defining travelers.Tourists are temporary visitors who make at least one overnight in the country that they visit

Length of stay

the third basic element of travel. For business and research purposes, it is important to know where people live.

Residence of the traveler

Purpose of Travel

refers to travel taken exclusively within the national boundaries of the traveler’s country. People find it easy to do so because there are no language, currency, nor documentation barriers.

Domestic Tourism

International Tourism

PAckage tour

s one in which the tourist buys these facilities separately, either making reservations in advance through a travel agent or route during his tour.

Independent tour

one in which the tourist travels to his destination individually

Independent inclusive tour

he travels in the company of other tourists.

Group inclusive tour (GIT)

These are the Nature of a Tour

Domestic Tourism INternational Tourism Inclusive tour INdependent Tour INdependent inclusive tour Group Inclusivce tour

Service

Psychological Attraction

Standard and quality over time

supply of the product is fixed.

Consists of what the tourist buys. In a wider sense, it is a combination of what the tourist does at the destination and the services he uses during his stay

Tourist product

Is a geographical unit which the tourist visits and where he stays. It may be a village, a town, a city, a district, a region, an island, a country or a continent.

Toursits Destination

The success of a tourist destination depends upon the interrelationship of three basic factors:

Attractions Ameneties or facilities Accessibilities

It is one in which the destination itself has appeal it may be a, a geographical region such as the Alps, a city, a resort such as Boracay

Site attraction

Event attraction

It is an attraction that include mountains, beaches, climatic features such as sunshine and pure air.

Natural Attraction

It is an acctraction that include buildings of historical or architectural interest such as Fort Santiago, holiday camps or “theme parks” such as Disneyland in Los Angeles, USA.

Man made attraction

include accommodation food, local transport and communications and entertainment at the site.

Ameneties or Facilities

Accessibility

What are the tourist services

Transport, accomodation, food and beverage and entertainment, food

A third group of tourist services consists of those provided by the travel agent and by the tour operator.

Food

is the distributor of the product and provides an intermediary function between the tourist and the providers of transport and accommodation

Travel Agent

Tour operator

What are the importance of Tourism

What are the characteristics of tourism

is a multifaceted discipline and includes many sub fields of study such areas as human development , sports , health , clinical , social behavior and cognitive processes

Psychological

go from one place to another , as by car , train , plane , or ship. take a trip journey to travel for pleasure . to move or go from one place or point to another . proceed or advanced and anyway

Travel

Travel Constraints

include those related to physical rest sports, participation , beach recreation , relaxing entertainment and other motivator directly connected with health

Physical Motivators

include the desire to know about other countries their music , art , folklore , dances paintings and religion

Cutlural motivator

pertain to the desire to meet other people , visit friends or relatives , escape from routine , from family and neighbors

Interpersonal motivators

concern ego needs and personal development . included in this group our trips related to business , conventions , study and pursuit of hobbies and education

Status and Prestige motivators

Regular business travelers

is a special type of business travel . it is a travel given by firms to employees as a reward for some accomplishment or to encourage employees to achieve more than what is required

Incentive travelers

what are the four kinds of conventions

international , continental , national , and regional convention

what are the travel constraints

lack of money lack of time lack of safety and security physical disability family commitments lack of interest in travel fears of travel

Economic

what are the tourist contribution to the economiy

sales , revenue and income employment fiscal impact taxes & infrastructure costs prices economic base structure

an effect in economics in which an increase in spending produces in national income and consumption greater than the initial amount spent

Tourist and Multiplier effect

hear the truth purchase goods and services either for their own use or for gifts

Direct Revenue

it the tourist have already paid the suppliers or travel contractors , their expenditures still continue to have an economic impact on the destination

Indirect revenue

in search for qualified manpower , local educational institutions are encouraged to setup programs or courses that will answer the issues and manpower development

Employment

financial impact taxes and infrastructure costs

taxes and fees that carries has already paid for prior to departure from its point of origin are:

airport tax airport departure tax for the return trip entry or transit visa entry permit to parks or museum fuel charges on airfare

it refers to the effect on national income and product of an exogenous increase in demand

income multiplier effect

what are the social and cultural impact

what are the environmental impact of tourism

air emissions noise solid waste littering sewage oil and chemicals architectural or visual pollution

Climate change

impact of globalization

what are the factors associated with increased tourism demand

economic factor social factor demographic factors technological factors political factors

Economic factor: increase income

the sociocultural landscape include factors such as

population structures and distribution values and attitudes education occupation safety and security immigration and emigration community spirit and cohesion demographics

the average family size in the philippine was large . each family had about an average of six children

Early 1900s

the so-called baby boomers were growing up . this generation has smaller families because couples opted to have fever children

Work war 2

Demographic factor: reduce family size , population increase , organization

advancement in technology , and faster internet access , new high-tech gadgets , more business to consumer

technological factor

politicians understanding of the value of tourism in their respective areas

political factor

The need for escape or change

Travel for health

natural beauty such as the sunset , trees mountains waterfalls flowers beach. people are inspired by the beauty of nature the trips of city dwellers to the rural areas on weekend.

search for natural

a great portion business travel is mixed with pleasure for example tourist may be attending a convention in las vegas but may spent half of his time gambling casino

professional and business motives

factoring international understanding are some of the reasons to know different city about other cultures , lifestyles , and places. it is a primary reason for international travel

Cultural experience

it is the search for spiritual experiences , patriotism , and wholesomeness. (religious site)

Personal Values

Status and Prestige

human beings are social animals. they need contact & communication with others. they feel comfortable in a tour group and in the group the traveler may develop friendships that me last for years

Social Contact

sports

less money means less travel. the wealthy members of society are the ones who travel most. people with more disposable income will be able to travel more than those who just earn enough to live on

lack of money

areas may acquire the reputation of being dangerous and this become less desirable travel destinations.

Lack of security and safety

Physical disability

family commitments

Lack of interest in travel

fears