is the research plan or scheme to be implemented in answering the research problems.

consists of sets of rules and procedures that require consistent applications. It determines the tools and techniques by which you can systematically arrive at the solution of your problem.

is used to develop indefinite problems or hypotheses that require further research. It is loosely structured and described as informal.

is definite in nature. It begins with carefully structured research problems that are clear and specific.

data can be collected by observing individuals, events and activities .

this is conducted through interviews or the use of wellprepared questionnaire.

basically aims to make inferences about a population based on results of a sample.

are more inclined to analyzing a limited number of individuals.

give answers to question like who, what, where, when, and how much.

answers the why and how one variable or many variables affect others

a research design that is conducted at only one point in time

If conducted over an extended period of time then it is what?

If the researcher has no control over variables in the study, then the research design is considered as what?

If he is in control of the variables, then the research design is considered as what?

the data gathered came from a representative sample where any of the accepted sampling techniques were used.

the data gathered came from the totality of the sample units.

the unit about which information is collected and which provides the basis for analysis. They are the members of the population – types of people, families, social clubs, etc.

the theoretically specific aggregation of the elements. This is also called the universe. Ex. all nursing students.

the aggregation of the elements from which the sample is actually selected. Ex. only first-courser nursing students.

these are the elements (people) who are actually selected to participate or to be the subject of the study.

the element or set of elements considered for selection in some state of sampling.

the actual list of sampling units from which the sample is selected. Ex. if a sample of nursing students is selected from a student roster, the roster in the sampling frame.

a set of exclusive attribute. Ex. sex, age, employment status.

the summary description of a given variable in a population. The mean income, the mean age are parameters. The age distribution of all people is a parameter.

the degree of error of a sample statistic when compared with the sample parameter. The maximum sampling error is 5%.

the sample is a proportion (a certain percentage) of the population and such sample is selected from the population by means of some systematic way in which every element of the population has a chance of being included in the sample.

the sample is not a proportion of the population and there is no system in selecting the sample. The selection depends upon the situation.

uses the most readily available or most convenient group of people or objects as study respondents.

divides the population into homogeneous strata or sub-population to ensure representative proportions of the various strata in the sample.

subjects are handpicked to be included in the sampling frame based on certain qualities for purposes of the study. Subjects as viewed as “typical cases” or “experts” that provide enough data to answer the research questions.

consists of the identification of a few persons who meet the requisite characteristics of the study and who in turn refer other individuals who may be interviewed until the desired number of respondents is reached.

this type of sampling is one in which everyone in the population has an equal chance of being selected or included in the sample. This type of sampling is commonly known as lottery or raffle type of sampling.

in this technique, every nth name in a list may be selected to be included in the sample. This is used when the respondents are arranged in some systematic or logical manner such as alphabetical arrangement, residential arrangement, geographical placement.

it is the process of selecting randomly, samples from the strata of the population used in the study. This technique is used when the respondents of the study has class stratification or grouping.

used when the population is so big or the geographical area of the research is so large. The procedure usually involves dividing the population into clusters or groups and within the final cluster apply any of the methods of selecting sample.

divides the population into homogeneous strata or sub-population to ensure representative proportions of the various strata in the sample.

subjects are handpicked to be included in the sampling frame based on certain qualities for purposes of the study. Subjects as viewed as “typical cases” or “experts” that provide enough data to answer the research questions.