Models of Communication

37問 • 1年前

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describe the process of communication, visually show the relationship among variables, and help find and correct communication problems.

Communication models

Three Standard Models of the Communication Process:

1. Linear 2. Interactive 3. Transactional

is one-way, focusing on the transmission of a message to a RECEIVER WHO NEVER RESPONDS or has no way of responding to the information conveyed.

1. Linear Communication

- A competition organizer presenting the contest mechanics

1. Linear Communication

- The president giving his State of the Nation Address on national television

1. Linear Communication

- A student reading a poem or telling a story in front of an audience in a school program

1. Linear Communication

- Sending an email, reading a blog, or sending traditional letters

1. Linear Communication

**A. Aristotle’s Model of Communication - Consists of three elements:

the speaker, the subject/message, and the listener

- Whether the communication happens or not depends on the — , who establishes the point of the message (Oyero, 2010)

**A. Aristotle’s Model of Communication** LISTENER

-—expanded on Shannon and Weaver’s (1949) linear model and created the — Model

David Berlo B. Berlo’s SMCR Model of Communication SMCR

- The — separates the model into clear parts and has been expanded upon by other scholars

Sender-Message-Channel-Receiver Model of Communication

**C. Lasswell’s Formula** - Consists of:

- Control analysis (Who) - Content analysis (says what) - Media or channel analysis (In which channel) - Audience or receiver analysis (To whom) - Consequences of the message on the audience (With what effect)

Laswell's Formula

- Harold D. Lasswell (1902-1978)

Example: CNN NEWS - A water leak from Japan’s tsunami-crippled nuclear power station resulted in about 100 times the permitted level of radioactive material flowing into the sea, operator Tokyo Electric Power Co said on Saturday.

- Who: TEPC Operator - What: Radioactive material flowing into the sea - Channel: CNN NEWS (Television medium) - Whom: Public - Effect: Alert the people of Japan about the radiation

- — was an American Mathematician and — was an American Scientist

Claude Shannon, Warren Weaver

- Known as the mother of all communication models,

D. Shannon-Weaver Model**

depicts communication as a linear or one-way process consisting of five elements

D. Shannon-Weaver Model**

Shannon-Weaver Model 5 elements

STCRD Source Transmitter Channel Receiver Desination

– producer of the message

Source

– encoder of the message into signals

- Transmitter

– signals ADAPTED FOR TRANSMISSION

Channel

– decoder of the message from the signal

Receiver

- Criticized for missing —, an essential element in the communication process,

feedback Shannon-Weaver

w/o —, doesn't allow the speaker to know whether the receiver understands the message or not.

feedback

is a two-way communication process where a response if is given AFTER A MESSAGE IS SENT.

2. Interactive Communication

The — of the action intentionally or unintentionally gives feedback associated with the information received.

recipient

Interactive Communication Also known as the —

convergence model or the Schramm Model of Communication

**Schramm Model of Communication** - Postulated by —

Wilbur Schramm in 1954

- Emphasizes the coding and decoding elements of the process, FOCUSING ON MESSAGE EXCHANGES between the sender and receiver and vice versa.

Schramm Model of Communication

Communication is a two-way street, with a

sender and a receiver.

of Communication illustrates how the sender and receiver TAKE TURNS in conveying and receiving messages and are called “—.”

. Transactional Communication communicators

Transactional Model** - Proposed by -

Dean Barnlund in 1970

Unlike the Shannon-Weaver Model, the — is a two-way process with the inclusion of feedback as one element.

Transactional Model

- Shows that communicators often send and receive messages SIMULTANEOUSLY, with a collaborative exchange of messages aimed at understanding each other.

Transactional Model

- Indicates that a single discrete communication act is affected by — that come before or after it.

communication incidents Transactional Model

- Illustrates that barriers, such as noise, may interfere with the flow of communication

Transactional Model

ALERTNESS

Trix Soriano · 24問 · 2年前

ALERTNESS