describe the process of communication, visually show the relationship among variables, and help find and correct communication problems.

Three Standard Models of the Communication Process:

is one-way, focusing on the transmission of a message to a RECEIVER WHO NEVER RESPONDS or has no way of responding to the information conveyed.

- A competition organizer presenting the contest mechanics

- The president giving his State of the Nation Address on national television

- A student reading a poem or telling a story in front of an audience in a school program

- Sending an email, reading a blog, or sending traditional letters

**A. Aristotle’s Model of Communication - Consists of three elements:

- Whether the communication happens or not depends on the — , who establishes the point of the message (Oyero, 2010)

-—expanded on Shannon and Weaver’s (1949) linear model and created the — Model

- The — separates the model into clear parts and has been expanded upon by other scholars

**C. Lasswell’s Formula** - Consists of:

Laswell's Formula

Example: CNN NEWS - A water leak from Japan’s tsunami-crippled nuclear power station resulted in about 100 times the permitted level of radioactive material flowing into the sea, operator Tokyo Electric Power Co said on Saturday.

- — was an American Mathematician and — was an American Scientist

- Known as the mother of all communication models,

depicts communication as a linear or one-way process consisting of five elements

Shannon-Weaver Model 5 elements

– producer of the message

– encoder of the message into signals

– signals ADAPTED FOR TRANSMISSION

– decoder of the message from the signal

- Criticized for missing —, an essential element in the communication process,

w/o —, doesn't allow the speaker to know whether the receiver understands the message or not.

is a two-way communication process where a response if is given AFTER A MESSAGE IS SENT.

The — of the action intentionally or unintentionally gives feedback associated with the information received.

Interactive Communication Also known as the —

**Schramm Model of Communication** - Postulated by —

- Emphasizes the coding and decoding elements of the process, FOCUSING ON MESSAGE EXCHANGES between the sender and receiver and vice versa.

Communication is a two-way street, with a

of Communication illustrates how the sender and receiver TAKE TURNS in conveying and receiving messages and are called “—.”

Transactional Model** - Proposed by -

Unlike the Shannon-Weaver Model, the — is a two-way process with the inclusion of feedback as one element.

- Shows that communicators often send and receive messages SIMULTANEOUSLY, with a collaborative exchange of messages aimed at understanding each other.

- Indicates that a single discrete communication act is affected by — that come before or after it.

- Illustrates that barriers, such as noise, may interfere with the flow of communication