Refer to non textual elements that helps readers understand the content of the text

Also refers to elements that stand-out from the main text such as titles and subtitles, bold, italicized, and underlined texts

Non textual elements

2 main functions of textual aids

Provide initial idea on what the text is all about

Activate prior knowledge to the topic

Represent the key concepts in the paper

Represent tthe supporting ideas in the paper

Layering and positioning of these aids convey the ideas' level of importance

Visual representation of a subject

Facilitates better retention of the information presented

Information (facts and figures) that are organized and arranged in columns and rows

Tables are organized and arranged through

Used to show patterns and relationships that still appeals to the readers' verbal system, meaning they are supposed to be read like a text

"Represent the key concepts (title) and supporting ideas (subtitles) in the paper"

"Used to show patterns and relationships that still appeals to the readers' verbal system, meaning tables are supposed to be read like a text"

3 parts of tables

Found on top of the columns; used to identify the contents of a specific column

Used to define or identify the contents of a specific row

"Used "when a simple table cannot adequately demonstrate important relationships" of and within data" - ?

4 types of a graph

It uses either vertical or horizontal bars to show the data it represents

______ emphasized that the bars in bar graph do not touch each other; height of the bar indicates the value it represents, the shorter the bar, the lower value it represents

It indicates the value of a bar

Used to show how numerical data have changed over time and it is best used to show trends

It shows "how a whole is divided into parts"

It is similar to bar chart but use pictures to symbolize a countable unit of times

Visual representations of selected characteristics of a piece, usually drawn on a flat surface

2 types of maps

It includes labels for features such as mountain ranges and bodies of water

It usually includes labels for features such as cities and major towns, units such as state or provinces, and bodies of water