問題一覧
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Strategic Capacity Planning for Products and Services
Lecture 5
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The upper limit or ceiling on the load that an operating unit can handle
Capacity
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To achieve a match between the long-term supply capabilities of an organization and the predicted level of long-term demand
Goal
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The maximum output rate or service capacity an operation, process, or facility is designed for
Design Capacity
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Design capacity minus allowances such as personal time and maintenance
Effective Capacity
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Extra capacity used to offset demand uncertainty
Capacity Cushion
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Strategies used to offset capacity limitations and that are intended to achieve a closer match between supply and demand
Demand Management Strategies
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An operation in a sequence of operations whose capacity is lower than that of the other operations
Bottleneck Operation
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If output rate is less than the optimal level, increasing the output rate results in decreasing average per unit costs
Economies of Scale
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If the output rate is more than the optimal level, increasing the output rate results in increasing average per unit costs
Diseconomies of Scale
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Something that limits the performance of a process or system in achieving its goals
Constraint
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Focuses on the relationship between cost, revenue, and volume of output
Cost Volume Analysis
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BEP
Break Even Point
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Lecture 6
Process Selection and Facility Layout
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Facilitate a smooth flow of work, material, and information through the system
Basic Objective
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Layout that uses standardized processing operations to achieve smooth, rapid, high-volume flow
Product Layout
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Layout in which the product or project remains stationary, and workers, materials, and equipment are moved as needed
Fixed Position Layout
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The process of assigning tasks to workstations in such a way that the workstations have approximately equal time requirements
Line Balancing
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The maximum time allowed at each workstation to complete its set of tasks on a unit
Cycle Time
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Lecture 7
Work Design and Measurement
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Work that concentrates on some aspect of a product or service
Specialization
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Giving a worker a larger portion of the total task by horizontal loading
Job Enlargement
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Workers periodically exchange jobs
Job Rotation
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Increasing responsibility for planning and coordination tasks, by vertical loading
Job Enrichment
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Chart used to examine the overall sequence of an operation by focusing on movements of the operator or flow of materials
Flow process chart
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Chart used to determine portions of a work cycle during which an operator and equipment are busy or idle
Worker machine chart
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Used to develop a time standard based on observations of one worker taken over a number of cycles.
Stopwatch Time Study
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are derived from a firm's own historical time study data.
Standard Elemental Times
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involve the use of published data on standard elemental times.
Predetermined Time Standard
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a technique for estimating the proportion of time that a worker or machine spends on various activities and idle time.
Work Sampling
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Lecture 8
Location Planning and Analysis
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Involves finding the lowest-cost plan for distributing a stock of goods or supplies from multiple points of origin to multiple destinations that demand the goods
Transportation Problem
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Method for locating a distribution center that minimizes distribution costs
Center of Gravity Method
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Lecture 9
Management of Quality
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TQM
Total Quality Management
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Philosophy that seeks to make never-ending improvements to the process of converting inputs into outputs
Continuos Improvement
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Japanese word for continuous improvement.
Kaizen
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PDSA
Plan Do Study Act
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DMAIC
Define Measure Analyze Improve Control