問題一覧
1
INTERmolecular bond have?
bond between molecules
2
INTRAmolecular bond have?
bond within a molecule
3
Covalent bond
bond created by the sharing of a pair of electrons
4
Hydrogen bond
bond between two polar molecules
5
ionic bond
bond between two oppositely charged atoms
6
what is the charge of the nucleus within an atom?
positive
7
Which of the following are some of the six most common elements in humans?
oxygen , hydrogen
8
What are electrons found in an atom?
shells orbiting the nucleus
9
If you change the number of protons of an atoms, what is the result?
a new element
10
An atom can hold up to __electrons in the first shell, and up to __ electrons in its second shell.
2,8
11
Atoms with an incomplete outer shell are said to be ____.
reactive
12
Does CATions have a positive or negative charge?
positive
13
Does Anions have a postive or negative charge?
negative
14
Which of the following best describes water in the body?
a solvent
15
Water is a ___.
polar molecule
16
which of the following are functions of water?
solvent , transport , lubricate , cushion
17
In a solution of water and glucose, which is the solute?
glucose
18
which is the universal solvent in the human body?
water
19
what is Buffer?
molecule that’s resists pH change
20
what is pH?
a measure of hydrogen ion concentration
21
what is Base?
proton acceptor
22
what is acid?
proton donor
23
As pH drops the concentration of hydrogen ions ___.
increases
24
Ions are critically important for muscle physiology, neurophysiological, release of neurotransmitters, and blood clotting.
True
25
Which of the following is an Ion?
Ca2+
26
what type of macromolecule are triglycerides?
lipids
27
where are the phospholipids found in the body?
in cell membranes
28
Monosaccharides combine to form___.
carbohydrates
29
The monomer of a protein is ___.
amino acid
30
If a nucleic acid undergoes hydrolysis the result would be the following.
nucleotides
31
what process would be required to join two amino acids together?
dehydration synthesis
32
which of the following are true about desaturation?
it results in the loss of the three-dimensional shape of a protein , it can be caused by extreme low temperature
33
Kinetic energy is____.
energy of motion
34
Example of kinetic energy
sound
35
Example of potential energy
concentration gradient
36
Potential energy
stored energy
37
Exergonic
results in products with decreased stored energy
38
Endergonic reaction
results in products with increased stored energy
39
Synthesis Reaction
results in the joining of atoms
40
Degradation reaction
results in the formation of smaller molecules
41
what type of macromolecule are proteins?
proteins
42
which of the following are true for enzymes?
enzymes determine which reactions will occur , enzymes are specific , substrate binds to an enzyme at the active site
43
An enzyme must determine in order to properly function.
false
44
Select all of the following that can cause a protein, such as an enzyme to denature.
too basic a pH, too acidic a pH , too high a temperature
45
A goal of cellular respiration is the creation of ___.
ATP
46
Cellular respiration is a single reaction that occurs in the mitochondria.
False
47
Which of the following is a reactant in cellular respiration?
glucose
48
Cellular respiration is the same as respiration.
False
49
Place the following steps of cellular respiration in order. 1. oxidative phosphorylation/ electron transport chain. 2. Citric Acid cycle 3. glycolysis
3, 2, 1
50
what happens when ADP, and energy loses a phosphate during the cell cycle?
It becomes ADP, and energy is released from the molecule.
51
Where does the energy come from that is used to remake ATP during the ATP cycle?
cellular respiration
52
Which of the following are typical functions of an animal cell?
take in nutrients , think
53
which of the following are common structures found in an animal cell?
cell membrane , nucleoid region
54
The custom is the same as the cytoplasm
False
55
Which of the following are typically found in a cell membrane?
steroids , proteins , nucleotides
56
what is carbohydrates?
identification tags
57
what is phospholipids?
makes up majority of cell membrane structure
58
what is protein?
enzymes
59
which of the following requires ATP?
exocytosis, osmosis , simple diffusion , endocytosis
60
In which direction does the solute move during diffusion?
down it’s concentration gradient
61
In which direction does the solute move during active transport?
up it’s concentration gradient
62
which of the following does facilitated diffusion require?
membrane protein , ATP
63
release of a neuro transmitter out of the cell would be best characterized as and example of the following?
exocytosis
64
what is flagella
moves a cell
65
what is a cilia?
moves substances past a cell
66
what is microvilli?
increases cell surface area for absorption or secretion
67
what is desmosomes?
a strong connection linking cells at one point
68
what is tight junctions?
connects cells tightly, not allowing substances to pass in between cells
69
what is gap junctions?
creates a pore between two cells allowing a signal to pass from one cell to the other
70
Rough endoplasmic reticulum
process, modify, and package proteins
71
what is peroxisomes?
chimcal detoxification
72
what is ribosomes?
synthesize proteins
73
what is nucleus?
contains DNA
74
what is smooth endoplasmic reticulum?
produces lipids
75
what is mitochondria?
synthesize ATP
76
what is cytoskeleton?
provides structure to the cell
77
what is lysosome?
contains enzymes for digesting unwanted cellular components
78
which of the following is true of mitosis?
mitosis results in two genetically
79
which of the following is true of meiosis
meiosis results in four cells with half the genetic material
80
where does transcription occur?
nucleus
81
where does translation occur?
ribosomes
82
what is the product of transcription?
mRNA
83
what is the product of translation?
protein
84
which of the following is the expressed characteristics of a gene?
phenotype
85
Different versions of a gene are known as ___.
alleles
86
Chromosomes are composed of ___.
DNA
87
how many pairs of chromosomes do humans have in their cells?
23
88
which of the following is a heterozygous genotype?
Aa
89
when an individual inherits two different alleles, which allele is the one expressed?
dominant allele
90
Assuming dimples (D) are dominant to no dimples (d) allele, which of the following geneotypes would NOT have dimples?
dd
91
when a disorder needs to be inherited from both parents to be expressed it would be considered___.
autosomal recessive
92
Sex linked disorders are most likely to affect men?
True
93
Males do not have X-Chromosomes?
False
94
The genes for blood type demonstrate the following inheritance pattern.
codominance
95
what is the result of nondisjunction during meiosis l?
All resulting cells have an adnormal chromosome number.
96
which of the following results in trisomy?
the additional of a chromosome
97
Down syndrome is an example of which type of genetic disorder?
trisomy