The qualitative data analysis method which uses theoretical framework as the basis for analysis

Multivariate regression models are used during the descriptive stage of analysis

Relative risk of more than 1 indicates

The information about participant's attitudes for behaviors such as wearing helmets, washing hands before eating, constitute

All the following are essential statistical considerations for sample size calculation EXCEPT

Supportive supervision is essential for a good data collection process

Which of the following statement is true regarding Participant Observation

Which of the following is not a type of study design?

Literature searches are important to do at the start of a project; and do not need to continue throughout the project.

All the following are components of 'FINER ' criteria for a research question EXCEPT

Smart objectives are goals that are designed to be be specific, measurable, achievable, relevant and timebound. Which of the following is an illustration of nonmeasurable objective?

In a study, researchers are interested in measuring the cholesterol levels of participants. Cholesterol level is a ________ variable

Which of the following is incorrect about normalized database?

In the middle of a clinical trial, one participant decides to withdraw from the trial. But, the investigator pressurizes the participant to continue in the study till it completes. Which of the following ethical principles does the investigator violate?

External validity means

While documenting the storage information of the database, we need to document

Which of the following is NOT a method for identifying and preventing potential harm to study participants?

As per the following objectives a hypothesis should be stated for which study?

The interviewer does not provide options for responses in

When measuring the frequency for an acute infectious disease in a community in terms of incidence per 1000 persons per year and point prevalence per 1000 persons, how will the pattern of incidence and prevalence be?

Which of the following is not true about an Informed Consent?

Who is mainly responsible to check the accuracy of data collection instruments before leaving the location?

Which of the following about MeSH is incorrect?

Better recall of exposure only among the cases in a case control study can result in

The power of a study

The magnitude of sampling error can be measured in probability sampling.

The following statements describe confounding and effect modification. Which of the statement is/are correct?

People who volunteer or who can be easily recruited are used in a sampling method called

A researcher in diabetes expected that that the fasting blood sugar levels may take any value between 50 and 150 gm/dL. In this research any coding of missing value as 99 may lead to an erroneous result.

Crude association in the presence of a confounder is the actual causal association

Which factor is important to consider while choosing the accessible population and the sampling approach?

Random errors can be effectively handled by

Which one of the following is useful to measure the burden or magnitude of a disease or risk factor?

Which of the following is true about inter-quartile range?

Which methods in qualitative research use flexible interview guide?

A pharmacologically inactive agent that investigators administer to participants in the control group of a trial

The list of all individuals in the study population from whom study participants in a research are to be selected is known as

Biases can occur during which stage of research study?

The recommended minimum level of power for an analytical study

This measure reflects the impact of a disease on population in terms of death

A researcher wants to estimate the prevalence of surgical site infection following cesarean section at a tertiary care hospital. What would be the minimum number of sample size to estimate the magnitude of surgical site infection following cesarean section if it is estimated that the proportion of surgical site infection will be 10% in the hospital considering 5% absolute precision and 95% confidence level (Z α/2 = 1.96).

Systematic distortion of the truth by study subjects is called as

Which of the following is unethical while writing a Literature Review?

If a researcher wishes to estimate the incidence of Myocardial infarction cases among a group of women using oral contraceptive pills followed up for 10 year, the researcher has to carry out

Order of a question should be all, EXCEPT-

Which of the following is wrong about descriptive study designs?

The degree to which the observed findings lead to correct inferences about phenomena of interest in the study sample is

What is the appropriate epidemiologic measure to determine the severity of an acute disease?

Indicators are considered positive when they have a direct relationship (association, correlation) with the state of health. Which of the following are the examples of positive indicators? a) The proportion of cured tuberculosis cases b) Incidence of AIDS c) Life expectancy at birth

All are true regarding measures to reduce information bias, EXCEPT

Which one of the following is the proper way of validating the data?

The main methods used in qualitative research method include all EXCEPT

Cohort study is suitable for rare diseases

Do no harm" concept was emphasized in which of the following ethical principles?

Find the median in the following sample of observations: 12, 26, 10, 29, 48

The following statement is correct regarding sampling error

What effect does increasing the sample size have upon the random error?

Which of the following is true about non-probability sampling?

An investigator wanted to study the clinical profile of patients presented with foreign body in nose, attended in the emergency department in the last 2 years in a hospital. Which of the following is the most suitable way to collect data?

All the following correctly describe a clinical trial, EXCEPT-

If the odds of exposure among cases is lower than the odds of exposure among the controls, the odds ratio will be

The ability to apply the principles of analysis to identify those studies which are unbiased and valid is called as

A researcher measures fasting blood level of glucose of 100 participants. The mean blood sugar level was measured as 110 mg/dl. The standard deviation was 11 mg/dl. Calculate the coefficient of variance.

The population defined by clinical and demographic characteristics is called

The following are the steps in framing a research question. I. Review of state-of-art information II.Define measurable exposures & outcomes III. Raise a question IV. Decide worth investigating by peer-review Choose the correct sequence of framing a research question from below.

As part of evaluation of a new vaccine which requires taking a daily oral dose of a refrigerated vaccine, the research team offers to provide a refrigerator to families of participants who don’t have one. Which of the following ethical issues the Institutional Ethics Committee will have to deal with while reviewing the research study?

Bodies like Drug Controller General of India (DCGI) and Health Ministry Screening Committee (HMSC) are concerned with the following

Which of the following statements regarding document storage and archival after the conclusion of a trial; is correct?

In analytical stage of data analysis, we perform the following in order

A study began in 1980 with enrollment of a group of 7000 adults in Pondicherry who were asked about their alcohol consumption, smoking, diet, environmental risk factors etc. All the participants were periodically examined and evaluated for evidence of various types of cancers between 1990-1995. Which of the following study designs was used by the investigators?

What is an appropriate measure of statistical association in a cohort study?

Which of the following is correct in relation to an open question?

A post-graduate researcher has completed the data collection for her thesis. During data management, she should do all the following, EXCEPT-

Which of the following statement is incorrect about a good research question?

In which of the following guidelines, discussion on rationale and justification of risk benefit analysis of research and voluntary consent in research was initiated?

Which of the following is NOT true regarding casecontrol study? i. Appropriate for study of rare outcome ii. More time consuming than cohort study iii. Multiple exposures can be examined iv. Relatively expensive compared to cohort study

Among the seven steps of data analysis strategy, the sequence of data analysis is as follows (A) Conduct advanced analysis (B) Identify main variables (C) Become familiar with the data (D) Identify study type (E) Examine outcome/exposure association (F) Characterize study population (G) Create additional two-way tables

In case of descriptive studies, which of the following is wrong?

If we are doing an analytical study and the study outcome is of acute nature and a frequent condition what is the appropriate (i) study design and (ii) measure of association?

In a study among 3400 children aged 5-10 years, 16 children were diagnosed with autistic disorder. Calculate the prevalence of autism per 1000 children

While conducting research among tribal populations, which of the following is recommended?

Which of the following statement is “False” about focus group discussion.

This should not be done in data collection

Which of the following will best describe the scientific inquiry that seeks to understand the acceptability and functionality of a health program?

In a study, a researcher was interested in measuring the haemoglobin levels of 10 participants. The values are 10.0, 8.5, 12.0, 14.0, 11.5, 13.5, 9.0, 12.0, 11.3, 7.5. What is the mode of this distribution?

In a tertiary care hospital, a surgeon collected information on quality of life and outcome among a small group of (about 15) post-operative patients after using a novel surgical device. But this is not sufficient to establish the efficacy of the surgical device because

All the following about literature review is correct EXCEPT

The process of refining the "ideas" into research questions begins with general uncertainty about a health issue and narrow down to a specific, concrete researchable issue

Which of the following is true about incidence density?

Population variance can be estimated from

A researcher can assess the following by conducting a descriptive study EXCEPT

The purpose of a double-blinding in a clinical trial is to

In a data management system, each row represents a

Which of the following is incorrect in case of a clinical trial?

All the following statements are true about training of the data collectors, except-

In which type of the following study/studies is (are) informed consent not necessary?

Study conducted following an ad hoc approach may lead to the following consequences

Before initiating the study, the Principal Investigator must ensure that various approvals are obtained. Which of the following approvals is/are absolutely mandatory?

Which of the following can be considered true in case of ad hoc approach to conduct a research study?

In a clinical trial, what is the main purpose of randomization?