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問題一覧
1
In Greek, what does the root 'histos' mean?
tissue
2
What does the suffix '-logia' (as in histology) mean?
study of or knowledge
3
Which type of anatomy deals with structures visible to the naked eye?
Gross anatomy
4
Which type of anatomy requires the aid of a microscope?
Microscopic anatomy
5
What is organology the study of?
organs
6
Which branch specifically studies cells?
Cytology
7
True or False: According to the text, histology studies cells, tissues, and organs and includes both function and structure.
True
8
Which ancient thinker believed that living organisms could develop from non-living materials?
Aristotle
9
Who, around 1590, mounted two lenses in a tube to produce the first compound microscope?
Hans and Zacharias Janssen
10
What important work did Robert Hooke publish (in 1660) containing drawings and observations made with a compound microscope?
Micrographia
11
Who was the first person to observe microorganisms?
Anton van Leeuwenhoek
12
Who discovered the nucleus in 1831?
Robert Brown
13
Which scientists enunciated the Cell Theory?
Matthias Schleiden, Theodor Schwann
14
Who published the first comprehensive human histology in 1841?
Jakob Henle
15
Which scientist, in 1863, described the human body as a "cell state" and listed specialized categories of cells?
Rudolf Virchow
16
Which pair pioneered developments in microscopy immersion lenses and apochromatic lenses in 1883?
Carl Zeiss, Ernst Abbe
17
Who constructed the first electron microscope in 1931?
Ernst Ruska
18
Put the following events in correct chronological order (earliest to latest): Observation of microorganisms; Discovery of the nucleus; Enunciation of the Cell Theory; Construction of the first electron microscope.
Observation of microorganisms (1676) → Discovery of the nucleus (1831) → Enunciation of the Cell Theory (1838/1839) → Construction of the first electron microscope (1931)
19
Select the true statements from the list:
Anton van Leeuwenhoek was the first to observe microorganisms., Schleiden & Schwann enunciated the Cell Theory.
20
In which year were immersion lenses and apochromatic lenses developments by Carl Zeiss and Ernst Abbe pioneered?
1883
21
What is a microtome used for?
Preparing tissue sections for study
22
Which developments related to microscopy occurred in the 19th century?
Development of fixing, embedding, and staining techniques
23
Which of the following best defines a microscope?
An optical instrument consisting of a lens or combination of lenses for making an enlarged or magnified image of a minute object
24
Which are uses of darkfield microscopy? (Select all correct)
Examination of Treponema pallidum, Observation of unstained living organisms
25
Which statements describe darkfield illumination? (Select all correct)
The sample is illuminated with light that is not collected by the objective lens, Specimen appears bright or glows brightly against a dark background, Darkfield enhances contrast in unstained samples
26
What are the primary uses of phase contrast microscopy?
Observation of moving, living, and unstained cells, To reveal cellular detail not visible with a simple bright-field microscope
27
How does phase contrast microscopy produce image contrast?
It converts phase shifts in light passing through a transparent specimen to brightness changes in the image
28
In a darkfield microscope, how does the specimen typically appear?
Bright or glowing against a dark background
29
Which mechanism increases contrast in darkfield microscopy?
Illuminating the sample with light that is not collected by the objective lens so only scattered light enters
30
Which microscopy technique is most appropriate for observing living, unstained cells and their internal details without staining?
Phase contrast microscopy
31
What phenomenon occurs when plane-polarized light interacts with a doubly refracting specimen?
Birefringence
32
In a polarizing microscope, the light is split into two wave components. What are they called?
Ordinary Ray, Extraordinary Ray
33
One use of the polarizing microscope in histology is:
Identification of crystals
34
Which microscope is used for observing specimens stained with fluorescent dyes and is equipped with exciter and barrier filters?
Fluorescent microscope
35
What type of light/energy is typically used to excite fluorochromes in a fluorescent microscope?
Extreme or rich in UV radiation
36
What is the typical resolution capability of a transmission electron microscope (TEM) as stated in the text?
< 0.2 nm
37
Which of the following is listed as a disadvantage of TEM?
Silhouette picture
38
What is the approximate resolution of Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) as given in the text?
Approximately 10 nm
39
Which primary use of SEM is stated in the text?
Studying the texture, topography and surface of samples
40
How does SEM produce images of a sample according to the description?
By scanning the sample with a focused beam of electrons; the electrons interact with atoms and generate various detectable signals that provide information about the sample's surface topography and composition