問題一覧
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Child learners age
from birth to 11-12
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They exhibit rapid physical growth and cognitive development, with a focus on basic literacy and numeracy skills, socialization, and emotional regulation.
child learners
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include a high level of curiosity, the ability to engage in concrete thinking, and a need for structured environments that support their learning through play and interaction.
child learners
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Adolescent learner age
13-18
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are navigating a period of significant physical, cognitive, and emotional changes.
adolescent learners
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refers to the sequence of changes or progress that starts at conception and continues throughout a person's life.
human development
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during infancy, growth typically begins at the head and progresses downward, following the___
cephalocaudal
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From mid to fingers
proximodistal development.
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Key principles of human development
1. orderly 2. similar pattern but different outcomes 3. gradual 4. complex (biological, cognitive, socioemotional)
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involve changes in the body, such as brain development, physical growth, puberty, and the decline of certain functions as one ages.
biological process
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include changes in thinking, intelligence, and language.
cognitive processes
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changes in relationships, emotions, and personality. For example, their early emotional responses and interactions can evolve into more complex emotional and social behaviors as they grow.
socioemotional processes
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Approaches to human development:
1. traditional approach 2. life-span approach
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This perspective suggests that individuals undergo significant change from birth through adolescence, followed by little or no change during adulthood, and then experience decline in late old age.
Traditional Approach
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This perspective asserts that development continues throughout life, including during adulthood, with changes occurring at every stage of life.
Life-Span Approach
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an expert in life-span development
Paul Baltes
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Characteristics of the Life-Span Perspective:
1. life-long 2. multidimensional 3. plastic 4. contextual 5. involves growth, maintenance and regulation
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a challenge that emerges at specific stages of life.
developmental task
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This stage involves tasks such as learning to walk, talk, and develop basic social skills. It includes acquiring basic motor skills, early language development, and forming initial social relationships.
Infancy and Early Childhood (up to about 6 years):
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During this stage, children focus on mastering fundamental academic and social skills. Tasks include learning to read and write, developing basic arithmetic skills, and gaining an understanding of social norms and values.
Middle Childhood (6 to 12 years):
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This stage encompasses the development of identity and self-concept, establishing independence from parents, and preparing for adult roles. Tasks include achieving emotional and psychological independence, developing career goals, and forming intimate relationships.
Adolescence (12 to 18 years)Adolescence (12 to 18 years)
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Key tasks in this stage include establishing a career, forming intimate relationships, starting a family, and becoming financially independent. This period focuses on personal and professional development.
Early Adulthood (18 to 35 years)
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During this stage, individuals often focus on career achievement, parenting, and contributing to society. Tasks include managing and achieving career goals, parenting children, and planning for retirement.
Middle Adulthood (35 to 60 years)
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In this stage, individuals adjust to retirement, deal with the physical and emotional aspects of aging, reflect on life achievements, and adapt to changing social roles. Tasks involve coping with the changes in health and adapting to a new lifestyle in retirement.
Late Adulthood (60 years and older):
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development happens in distinct stages or shifts.
discontinuity
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development progresses gradually and incrementally.
continuity