問題一覧
1
ability of a product or service to consistently meet and exceed the customer requirements or expectations.
quality
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the degree to which a set of characteristics fulfils the requirements.
ISO 9001-2008
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standard for ensuring quality assurance system
ISO 9000
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give the 5 aspect of quality in a business
producing, checking, quality control, quality management, quality assurance
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process and procedures that monitor the process/facility to detect, correct and ensure that the quality is being met.process and procedures that monitor the process/facility to detect, correct and ensure that the quality is being met.
quality assurance
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methods used to control process variables when manuf. a product.
process control
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3 reasons why manufacturers control production process
reduce variability, increased efficiency, ensure safety
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systematic execution of maintenance by all employees through small group activities.
total productive maintenance
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all encompassing maintenance.
total
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production of goods and services.
productive
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keeping equipment and plants in as good as the original condition.
maintenance
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set of systematic activities carried out by the entire organization to effectively and efficiently achieve company objectives.
total quality management
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satisfies customers at the right time and price.
total quality management
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systematic control by management of the variables in the manufacturing process that affect the goodness of the product.
quality control
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8 elements of quality control process
ethics, integrity, trust, training, teamwork, leadership, communication, recognition
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basic principles of TQM
focus on customer (internal or external), involvement of the organization, team effort, empowering employees, process improvement, benchmark for process improvement, partnering with suppliers and customers, re-engineering the organization
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respected teacher, spiritual leader, good person
guru
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made great contribution and innovation
guru
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father of statistical quality control
walter shewhart
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he developed control charts
walter shewhart
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Compiled a famous 14 points and believed were the prescriptions needed to achieve quality in organization.
w. edward deming
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His message was, the cause of inefficiency and poor quality is the system, not the employees
w. edward deming
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Viewed quality as fitness-for-use.
joseph m. juran
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He believed that 80% of quality defects are m management controllable.
joseph m. juran
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He describes QM in trilogy, quality planning, quality control, and quality improvement
joseph m. juran
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One of the first to measure the cost of quality
joseph m. juran
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Cost of Nonconformance” - According to him “customer who defines quality”
armand feigenbaum
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Developed the concept of zero defects. - “Do it right the first time”.
philip b. crosby
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Father of Japanese Quality Control. - Established concept of company wide quality control (CWQC).
kaoru ishikawa
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Cause-and-Effect Diagram (Fishbone Diagram) 1943
kaoru ishikawa
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Known for Taguchi loss function.
genichi taguchi
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Developed the philosophy and methods of Kaizen.
taiichi ohno and shigeo shingo
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continuous improvement ( in Japanese this means “good change”).
kaizen
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break apart to change
kai
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study makes it better
zen
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rapid improvement.
kaizen event
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organizes and displays the relationship between different causes for the effect that is being examined.
cause and effect diagram (fishbone diagram)
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form used to record data and it is the simplest method for collecting data and determining trends.
check sheet
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systematically breaking down the organizational process into a step by step picture of each component.
flow diagram (process maps)
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Used to display categories of problems graphically so they can be properly prioritized.
pareto analysis (bilvredo analysis)
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used for illustrating the frequency and the extent in the context of two variables.
histogram
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display the variation in process over time.
run chart
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Displays an average line taken from the data.
run chart
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display the limits that statistical variability can explain as normal.
control chart
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what are the 3 c’s
culture, communication, commitment
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four p’s
planning, performance, process, people
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deployment of policies and strategies.
planning
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a balanced scorecard for the organization.
performance
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design and re-designed
process
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managing human resources
people
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International standard. - Published in 1987 by the International Organization for Standardization.
ISO 9001
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Applies to any organization, regardless of size or industry.
ISO 9001:2015
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who are the people in the organization
senior managers, middle managers, supervisors, other employees
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see TQM as an opportunity.
senior managers
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see TQM as another burden without benefits.
middle managers
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see TQM as flavour of the period.
supervisors
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who may not care, as long as they get paid.
other employees
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what are the jablonski 5 phase guideline
preparation, planning, assessment, implementation, diversification
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decide whether or not topursue a TQM program.
preparation
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detailed plan of implementation.
planning
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emphasizes a thorough self-assessment.
assessment
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organization can already begin to determine its ROI.
implementation
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utilize their TQM experiences and successes.
diversification
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obstacle to implementing TQM
lack of companywide definition of quality, lack of strategic plan for change, lack of customer focus, poor intra-organizational communication, lack of employee empowerment, view of quality as a quick fix, emphasis on short-term financial results, inordinate presence of internal politics and turf issues, lack of strong motivation, lack of time to devote to quality initiatives, lack of leadership
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referred to as Shewhart Cycle or Deming Wheel.
plan do study act cycle
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4 basic steps in the cycle
plan, do, study, act
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begin by studying the current process.
plan
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implement the plan
do
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evaluate the data collection.
study
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if the results are successful, standardize the new method.
act
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The Philosophy behind Kaizen is often credited to
w. edward deming
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He was invited by Japanese leaders and engineers to rebuild Japan after WW2.
w. edward deming
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5 elements of kaizen
teamwork, personal discipline, improved morale, quality circles, suggestions for improvement
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benefits of kaizen
making job easier and safer, making job more productive, removing donkeywork from the job, removing irritation from the job, improving product quality and saving time and cost
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is an inventory strategy that strives to improve business.
just in time
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structured program to systematically achieve total organization and more.
5s process
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what are the 5s process
sort, set in order, shine, standardize, sustain
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act of throwing away all unwanted and unnecessary.
seiri
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is all about efficiency.
seiton
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everyone is janitor
seiso
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standarized cleanup
seiketsu
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discipline
shitsuke
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supports the concepts of continuous improvement/long term approach.
lean management
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principle of lean management
identifying value, value stream mapping, creating a continuous workflow, developing a pull system, facilitating continuous improvement.
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3 Basic Principles of Sustained Improvement
focusing on the customer, understanding the process, all employees committed to quality