is one in which there is no friction nor viscosity

rapid fluctuations of swirling regions

fully developed internal flows laminar or turbulent

discovered that the flow regime depends mainly on the ratio of inertial forces to viscous forces in the fluid.

friction factor in fully developed turbulent pipe

Is a system in which working substance does not cross it's boundaries but energy crosses it's boundaries.

the curved free surface of a liquid in a capillary tube

Characterized by smooth streamlines highly ordered motion

is a measure of the resistance to flow of a fluid, or it may be defined as the ratio of the shearing stress or force between adjacent layers of fluid

Deals with the velocities and streamlines without considering forces of energy

work required to move the fluid through the control volume due to its own mass.

-use to overcome pressure loss

can be viewed as a conservation of energy law for a flowing fluid

Characterized by velocity fluctuation and highly disordered motion

usually taken to be the distance from the pipe entrance

is the most commonly used pressure measuring instrument

Is a pressure measuring instrument, used to measure atmospheric pressure

is the study of the mechanics of fluids at rest

is the simplest form of Manometer, which is a tube tapped into wall of a container or conduit for the purpose of measuring the pressure

fully developed internal flows laminar or turbulent

is encountered when highly viscous fluids such as oils flow in small pipes or narrow passages.

This ratio is also called

is the resistance of fluid to change its volume in a confined space

losses due to fittings, valves, bends, elbows, tees..