small, circular, extrachromosomal DNA molecule found in the cytoplasm

site where proteins are synthesize

confers rigidity and shape to the cell; composed of peptidoglycan

prevents lose of water and electrolytes and entry of unwanted substances into the cell; composed of phospholipid bilayer.

where chromosomes, ribosomes, and other cellular inclusions are suspended

long, threadlike structure that facilitates movement in

short, hairlike appendage on the surface of the bacteria; helps it to adhere in the surface of the host cells.

the region where DNA is concentrated

It controls the kind of substance that enters and exit the cells.

acts as a protein assembler; small granular structure made up of RNA and proteins.

is a eukaryotic cell enclosed by a cell wall, containing a membrane-bound nucleus and other cell organelles.

is the jellylike substance where the organelles are suspended.

are the basic unit of life in organisms of the kingdom Animalia. They have true nucleus and specialized structures called organelles that carry out different functions.

processes, packages, and stores cell secretions

acts as the powerhouse of the cell since it releases the needed energy for cell activities.

an extensive network of membranes through which proteins and other molecules are transported.

contains various kinds of enzymes for the digestion of micro molecule; engulf and digest targeted cells

acts as storage for food, enzymes, and other materials needed by the cell.

structures that contain the green pigment chlorophyll, which is responsible for the capturing light energy.

produces microtubules; it forms two small parts called centrioles that are cylindrical in structures that aid in cell division.

long, slender, protein tubes; it forms the framework of the cell together with the microfilaments

support the cell to maintain its structure and shape.

provides motility and strength for a cell; network of filaments and tubules

regulate the opening and closing of stomata.

facilitate the movement of molecules between adjoining cells.

it has plenty of mitochondria which power the flagellum to move.

cytoplasmic extensions that increase the surface area of a cell.

refers to a process in which an ordinary or generic cell is transformed into a specialized cell in order to do a specific task for the body.

controls the activity of the cell

most distinct structure of the nucleus

arranged two glass lenses in a cylinder and examined the compound eye of an insect.

discovered that positioning a lens at each end of a tube allowed for the magnification of images when used to observe objects.

“English Father of Microscopy”, coined the term “cell” in his publication, Micrographia. He was the first to see a plant cell under a single lens microscope.

the first to see living cells using his own single lens microscope. He examined blood, insects, and some protozoans.

designed and built the first transmission electron microscope that does not depend on light but on electrons.

invented the first scanning electron microscope. It transmits a beam of electrons across the surface of the specimen.

The images produced show a 3D image of a specimen’s surface. The resulting images are actually black and white.

The electrons are focused onto a thin slice of specimen, resulting in a two dimensional image.

outer later that provides protection

primarily used for bacterial attachment to tissue surfaces.

reflected in the different shapes and sizes of cells found in tissues.

tiny structures in the cytoplasm that are surrounded by a membrane.

openings in the nuclear membrane