Excipient factors: Provides protection= prevents drug inactivation or degradation in the stomach

Into the artery

Process of dispensing different brand or unbranded drug product in place of the prescribed drug product

Drug is placed between cheeks and gums

Drugs susceptible to acid have reduced bioavailability

Rate limiting step in drug absorption

Intramuscular is the only route that permits _________ volume of fluid

Excipient factors

Process of dispensing pharmaceutical alternative for the prescribed drug product

Tissue damage caused by subcutaneous injection

___________ particle size, ___________ surface area, ______________ dissolution rate

Bioavailability is the ____________ (relative amount) of drug that reaches the general circulation

States that ionizable compounds penetrate biological membranes primarily in the unionized form

Difficult passage

Acidic drugs are best absorbed at ____________ ph

Basic drugs are best absorbed at _______________ ph

Most important and most common parenteral parenteral administration route- into the peripheral vein

Crystal forms or

Use of intraarterial

Types of bioavailability

Drug concentration at t=0 (drug- IV)

The most common extravascular route * The drug undergoes complete first pass effect

Process by which a solid drug substance is dissolved in a solvent over time

What does polymorphism affect

In Ph partition theory, despite their high degree of ionization (ph < pka), weak acids are highly absorbed in small intestine. Why?

Injected directly into the spine

Excipient factors: Less disintegrant = reduced dissolution

Trapezoidal rule compute the ___________ of each trapezoid

Other term for solvates

IV given in large dose dissolved in a vehicle

•safe and effective •pharma equivalents •they are bioequivalents •adequately labeled •compliant with cgmp guidelines

Ldf have _______________ rate of absorption than sdf

The ______________ head groups of the phospholipids facing the protein layers and the __________________ tail groups aligned in the interior. -semi permeable membrane

Excipient factor that is hydrophobic = reduced dissolution

auc measures the ______________ of bioavailability

Example of therapeutic alternative

What rule is associated with auc

Bioavailability is the _______ and _________ at which drug enters the ___________________________ thereby accessing the site of action

Example of phrmaceutical alternative

Two types of crystal forms

Same API Different salt, esters, complex, dosage forms

Drug interaction is also known as

Numerical valve that reflect the needle diameter. The higher the number, the smaller the diameter

Balance between hydrophillic and lipophillic

The onset time corresponds to time when

Same api, salt, ester, complex, dosage form, quality Different shape, release mechanism, packaging,excipients, labeling

Refers to the comparison of bioavailabilities of different formulations, drug products, or batches of the same drug products -established when two drugs have similar BA

The ability of the drug to be absorbed and used by the body

Regular shape More stable Slower dissolution rate

Ratio of drug solubility (at equilibrium) in a non-aqueous solvent (n-octanol) to that in an aqueous solvent (water, ph 7.4 buffer solution)

Delivery of drug deep into the muscle is called ___________ effect

Into the heart chamber - heart muscles and ventricles

Bioequivalence measure the ___________ ratio, ________ ratio, and ________ ratio

Irregular shape Less stable Faster rate of dissolution

Common sites of intramuscular injection

The duration of action is when

The tmax is when

auc measures the _________________ of drug in the body

Easy passage

Dissolution rate is governed by

Only takes effect at the site of administration

•comparison of non IV dosage forms •oral solution vs oral tablets

•non iv vs iv Standard: IV because it has 100%F

Refers to any combination with the drug that results to altered properties

For a drug to exert its pharmacologic activity the plasma concentration should

Arrangement of a drug substance in various molecular packing (crystal forms)

Placement of drug under the tongue *Bypass the first pass effect

Same therapeutic category Different generic name

2 layers of phospholipids between two surface layers of protein The hydrophilic head groups of the phospholipids facing the protein layers and the hydrophobic tail groups aligned in the interior.- semipermeable membrane

In ph partition theory, the ionizable compounds penetrate biological membranes primarily in the ___________ forms

In drug substitution, substituted drug must have the same ______________, but differ in _____________

Crystal formation after addition of solvent

Phenomenon of a drug metabolism whereby the concentration of the drug is greatly reduced before it reaches the systemic circulation

IV given over a period