biopharmaceutics

Hannah Angelique Losaria · 100問 · 2年前

通報

問題一覧

Drug concentration at t=0 (drug- IV)

the cmax was achieved

The onset time corresponds to time when

the MEC was first reached

For a drug to exert its pharmacologic activity the plasma concentration should

within the therapeutic window

The tmax is when

the Cmax was achieved

The duration of action is when

plasma drug concentration was within the therapeutic window

Most important and most common parenteral parenteral administration route- into the peripheral vein

intravenous

IV given in large dose dissolved in a vehicle

bolus

IV given over a period

infusion

Into the artery

intraarterial

Use of intraarterial

chemotherapy

Into the heart chamber - heart muscles and ventricles

intracardiac

The most common extravascular route * The drug undergoes complete first pass effect

oral

Phenomenon of a drug metabolism whereby the concentration of the drug is greatly reduced before it reaches the systemic circulation

first pass effect

Placement of drug under the tongue *Bypass the first pass effect

sublingual

Drug is placed between cheeks and gums

buccal

Intramuscular is the only route that permits _________ volume of fluid

large

Common sites of intramuscular injection

deltoid, buttocks, thighs

Delivery of drug deep into the muscle is called ___________ effect

depot

Tissue damage caused by subcutaneous injection

lipodystrophy

Only takes effect at the site of administration

local effect

2 layers of phospholipids between two surface layers of protein The hydrophilic head groups of the phospholipids facing the protein layers and the hydrophobic tail groups aligned in the interior.- semipermeable membrane

membrane physiology factor

Injected directly into the spine

intrathecal

The ______________ head groups of the phospholipids facing the protein layers and the __________________ tail groups aligned in the interior. -semi permeable membrane

hydrophilic, hydrophobic

Numerical valve that reflect the needle diameter. The higher the number, the smaller the diameter

gauge

Easy passage

luna

Difficult passage

hipe

States that ionizable compounds penetrate biological membranes primarily in the unionized form

ph partition theory

In ph partition theory, the ionizable compounds penetrate biological membranes primarily in the ___________ forms

unionized

Acidic drugs are best absorbed at ____________ ph

acidic/ low

Basic drugs are best absorbed at _______________ ph

basic/ high

In Ph partition theory, despite their high degree of ionization (ph < pka), weak acids are highly absorbed in small intestine. Why?

large surface area, high contact time

Ratio of drug solubility (at equilibrium) in a non-aqueous solvent (n-octanol) to that in an aqueous solvent (water, ph 7.4 buffer solution)

partition coeffecient

Balance between hydrophillic and lipophillic

partition coefficient

Dissolution rate is governed by

noyes whitney equation

Rate limiting step in drug absorption

dissolution

Process by which a solid drug substance is dissolved in a solvent over time

dissolution

___________ particle size, ___________ surface area, ______________ dissolution rate

smaller, higher, faster

Two types of crystal forms

amorphous, crystalline

Irregular shape Less stable Faster rate of dissolution

amorphous

Regular shape More stable Slower dissolution rate

crystalline

Crystal forms or

polymorphs

Other term for solvates

polymorphs

Crystal formation after addition of solvent

polymorphs

What does polymorphism affect

stability, solubility, dissolution rate, etc

Arrangement of a drug substance in various molecular packing (crystal forms)

polymorphism

Drugs susceptible to acid have reduced bioavailability

stability (stomach)

Refers to any combination with the drug that results to altered properties

drug interaction

Drug interaction is also known as

complexation

Excipient factors

lubricants, disintegrants, coatings

Excipient factor that is hydrophobic = reduced dissolution

lubricants

Excipient factors: Less disintegrant = reduced dissolution

disintegrants

Excipient factors: Provides protection= prevents drug inactivation or degradation in the stomach

coatings

Ldf have _______________ rate of absorption than sdf

higher/ faster

The ability of the drug to be absorbed and used by the body

bioavailability

Bioavailability is the _______ and _________ at which drug enters the ___________________________ thereby accessing the site of action

rate, extent, systemic circulation

Bioavailability is the ____________ (relative amount) of drug that reaches the general circulation

fraction

auc measures the _________________ of drug in the body

quantity

auc measures the ______________ of bioavailability

extent

What rule is associated with auc

trapezoidal rule

Trapezoidal rule compute the ___________ of each trapezoid

area

Types of bioavailability

relative, absolute

•comparison of non IV dosage forms •oral solution vs oral tablets

relative bioavailability

•non iv vs iv Standard: IV because it has 100%F

absolute bioavailability

Refers to the comparison of bioavailabilities of different formulations, drug products, or batches of the same drug products -established when two drugs have similar BA

bioequivalence

Bioequivalence measure the ___________ ratio, ________ ratio, and ________ ratio

auc, cmax, tmax

Process of dispensing different brand or unbranded drug product in place of the prescribed drug product

generic substitution

In drug substitution, substituted drug must have the same ______________, but differ in _____________

therapeutic moiety, manufacturer

Process of dispensing pharmaceutical alternative for the prescribed drug product

pharmaceutical substitution

Same API Different salt, esters, complex, dosage forms

pharmaceutic alternative

Example of phrmaceutical alternative

tetracycline hcl and tetracycline po4

Same api, salt, ester, complex, dosage form, quality Different shape, release mechanism, packaging,excipients, labeling

pharmaceutic equivalent

Same therapeutic category Different generic name

therapeutic alternative

Example of therapeutic alternative

ranitidine, cemitidine

•safe and effective •pharma equivalents •they are bioequivalents •adequately labeled •compliant with cgmp guidelines

therapeutic equivalent

gastro

gastro

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gastro m

gastro m

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lab

lab

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poisons

poisons

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lec

lec

19問 • 2年前

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exam

exam

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spec

spec

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midterm

midterm

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PHYSICAL PHARMACY

PHYSICAL PHARMACY

54問 • 1年前

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PHYSICAL PHARMACY II

PHYSICAL PHARMACY II

29問 • 1年前

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DDS

DDS

33問 • 1年前

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hallucinogens

hallucinogens

22問 • 1年前

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non volatile poisons

non volatile poisons

42問 • 1年前

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endterm

endterm

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q3 endterm

q3 endterm

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mockboard 2019

mockboard 2019

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mockboard 2019 II

mockboard 2019 II

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miss mel reviewer

miss mel reviewer

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miss roma high yield

miss roma high yield

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micro highlights

micro highlights

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module 6 AUgdguwegfiuwegfu

module 6 AUgdguwegfiuwegfu

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Hannah Angelique Losaria · 75問 · 1年前

mod6 sure

mod6 sure

75問 • 1年前

manufacturing

manufacturing

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module 5

module 5

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mod5

mod5

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5555555555

5555555555

brex

brex

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mod4

mod4

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tox lab

tox lab

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biopharmaceutics

biopharmaceutics

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toxicology

toxicology

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non volatile

non volatile

49問 • 1年前

Hannah Angelique Losaria · 15問 · 1年前

gosel and bricker

gosel and bricker

15問 • 1年前

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management of ADRs bariles

management of ADRs bariles

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quiz 4

quiz 4

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pcol miss gift exam

pcol miss gift exam

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expirement 2- antidotes

expirement 2- antidotes

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volatile poisons

volatile poisons

28問 • 1年前

Hannah Angelique Losaria · 37問 · 1年前

Drugs acting on the central nercous sytem

Drugs acting on the central nercous sytem

37問 • 1年前

Hannah Angelique Losaria · 20問 · 1年前

anti arrhythmic drugs

anti arrhythmic drugs

20問 • 1年前

Hannah Angelique Losaria · 17問 · 1年前

antiplatelet drugs

antiplatelet drugs

17問 • 1年前

Hannah Angelique Losaria · 31問 · 1年前

Cardiovascular Drugs

Cardiovascular Drugs

31問 • 1年前

Hannah Angelique Losaria · 26問 · 1年前

barbiturates

barbiturates

26問 • 1年前

Hannah Angelique Losaria · 34問 · 1年前

physical pharmacy

physical pharmacy

34問 • 1年前

plasma

plasma

Hannah Angelique Losaria · 73問 · 1年前

endterm

endterm

73問 • 1年前

Hannah Angelique Losaria · 55問 · 1年前

juris

juris

55問 • 1年前

dds

dds

Hannah Angelique Losaria · 92問 · 1年前

92問 • 1年前

Hannah Angelique Losaria · 19問 · 1年前

dddssss

dddssss

19問 • 1年前

Hannah Angelique Losaria · 59問 · 1年前

manuf

manuf

59問 • 1年前

Hannah Angelique Losaria · 67問 · 1年前

qc/qa

qc/qa

67問 • 1年前

Hannah Angelique Losaria · 83問 · 1年前

qc qa identification

qc qa identification

83問 • 1年前

quali/ quanti ppt

quali/ quanti ppt

Hannah Angelique Losaria · 23問 · 1年前

quali/quanti 2

quali/quanti 2

23問 • 1年前

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quali quanti identification

quali quanti identification

68問 • 1年前

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microbiology: introduction and bacterial anatomy

microbiology: introduction and bacterial anatomy

37問 • 1年前

Hannah Angelique Losaria · 60問 · 1年前

mocrobiology: bacterial stain, nutrition, bacterial recombination, growth phrases, microbial growth factor, culture media

mocrobiology: bacterial stain, nutrition, bacterial recombination, growth phrases, microbial growth factor, culture media

60問 • 1年前

Hannah Angelique Losaria · 28問 · 1年前

microbiology: bacteriology part 1

microbiology: bacteriology part 1

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microbiology: bacteriology part 2

microbiology: bacteriology part 2

48問 • 1年前

Hannah Angelique Losaria · 20問 · 1年前

microbiology: mycology

microbiology: mycology

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Hannah Angelique Losaria · 48問 · 1年前

microbio identification 1

microbio identification 1

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Hannah Angelique Losaria · 38問 · 1年前

miss gift

miss gift

38問 • 1年前

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microbiology 2

microbiology 2

21問 • 1年前

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microbio 3

microbio 3

18問 • 1年前

microbio 4

microbio 4

Hannah Angelique Losaria · 30問 · 1年前

microbio anatomy

microbio anatomy

30問 • 1年前

Hannah Angelique Losaria · 37問 · 1年前

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Drugs acting on the central nercous sytem

37問 • 1年前

Hannah Angelique Losaria · 17問 · 1年前

microbio5

microbio5

17問 • 1年前

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microbio6

microbio6

13問 • 1年前

Hannah Angelique Losaria · 34問 · 1年前

pub health 1

pub health 1

34問 • 1年前

Hannah Angelique Losaria · 30問 · 1年前

microbio7

microbio7

30問 • 1年前

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public health

public health

31問 • 1年前

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pacop

pacop

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inorganic pharmaceutical pharmacy

inorganic pharmaceutical pharmacy

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transition metal iron triad FE CO NI

transition metal iron triad FE CO NI

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licensing

licensing

8問 • 1年前

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most common side effects

most common side effects

26問 • 1年前

chemistry people

chemistry people

pharmacognosy people

pharmacognosy people

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drug of choice

drug of choice

29問 • 1年前

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common antidotes

common antidotes

19問 • 1年前

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vitamin functions and deficiencies

vitamin functions and deficiencies

25問 • 1年前

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inorganic pharmaceutical pharmacy 2

inorganic pharmaceutical pharmacy 2

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inorganic pharm chem 3

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