It is known to be the hyposegmentation of the granulocytes

What are the two types of Pelger-Huet Anomaly?

It is associated with malignant myeloproliferative disorders. It contain round nuclei. Cytoplasm is hypogranular.

How many lobes in PELGER-HUET ANOMALY?

PELGER-HUET ANOMALY IS RESEMBLES A?

UNDRITZ ANOMALY IS ALSO KNOWN AS?

What deficiency is related in Undritz Anomaly?

How many lobes those the Undritz Anomaly have?

It is characterized by: ○ Leukopenia ○ Giant platelets ○ Gray-blue spindle-shaped inclusions in the cytoplasm of the granulocytes and monocytes

Abnormally large azurophilic granules resembling severe toxic granulation in the cytoplasm of granulocytes

Associated with a group of storage diseases “mucopolysaccharidosis”

Enumerate the Proper Function of a Granulocyte

Who has problems in the movement?

This diseases has a random movement is normal but directional motility is impaired, thus cells respond very slowly to chemotactic agents.

Biblical job is known that the patient suffer from ______ and _____ staphylococcal abscesses

A disease that both random and directed movement of the cells are defective

Studies suggest that cells in lazy leukocyte syndrome contain ________

Neutropenia is consistent finding, Low-grade fever, Recurrent infections (gums, mouth, and ears)

Inability to kill microorganisms secondary to a failure of granule release

First recognized because of the presence of giant cytoplasmic granules in the phagocytes and lymphocytes

What are the 6 species that affects Chediak-Higashi Syndrome?

Basic defect in Chediak-Higashi Syndrome

It has Partially albinism, More susceptible to infectious agents, Hepatosplenomegaly, liver failure lymphadenopathy (later stages)

WHAT ARE THE MODE/S OF INHERITANCE OF CHRONIC GRANULOMATOUS DISEASE?

Condition in which phagocytes ingest but cannot kill catalase positive organisms

Recurrent chronic pyogenic infections, Healing accompanied by granuloma formation, Recurrent pneumonia (often caused of death)

ACUTE MYELOID LEUKEMIA (AML) is also known as?

All are (+) Auer rods, except:

Most common subtype of AML

2nd most common AML

All are Myelocytic, except:

Naegeli leukemia

Di Guglielmo Syndrome

Erythrocytic, Myelocytic

Predominance of megakeryoblasts

What abnormal chromosome known in CML?

○ Increased WBC count >50,000/uL (same as leukemoid reaction) ○ Decreased LAP score ○ Basket Cells may be observed

POLYCYTHEMIA VERA is also known as?

POLYCYTHEMIA VERA: Erythrocyte count: ___ in women and ____ in men

○ Erythrocyte count is high ○ Leukocytosis ○ Thrombocytosis

What is the treatment in POLYCYTHEMIA VERA?

Characterized by thrombocytosis: >1,000 x 10^9/L

○ Seen in all age groups (most patients between 50-60 years old) ○ Headaches, vertigo, ringing in the ears, blurred vision, itching eyes, thrombotic events ○ Ruddy cyanotic (reddish-purple appearance)

Clinical Presentation: Epistaxis, vomiting of blood, easy bleeding after minor dental surgery, GI bleeding

ESSENTIAL THROMBOCYTHEMIA cause ____

Secondary or Reactive Thrombocythemia is cause by ____

It is the most common malignant disease in children

It is most common type of ALL; best prognosis

Cell size: Small Chromatin: Homogenous Nuclear Shape: Regular Nucleoli: Not Visible

Cell size: Larhe Chromatin: Heterogenous Nuclear Shape: Irregular Nucleoli: One or more present

Cell size: Large Chromatin: Homogenous Nuclear Shape: Regular Nucleoli: One or more present

Most common form of leukemia in adults

Involves mostly B cells, rarely T cells

Increased in SMUDGE CELLS because cells are more fragile than normal, thus rupture during blood smear prep

Absolute lymphocytosis (>15,000/uL) of the blood and bone marrow only

RAI CLASSIFICATION OF CLL

large lymphoid cells with vesicular multilobed nuclei

large lymphoid cells with bilobed nucleus and eosinophilic nucleoli (owl’s eye)

(+) Popcorn cell

Most common HL

Best prognosis HL

Least common; worst prognosis HL

● Proliferation of malignant lymphocytes that are arrested at certain stages of maturation ● Primarily neoplasms of B cells ● Unknown cause ● Spreads in a less predictable way ● Associated with EBV and HTLV-1