Two main Divisions of the Nervous stystem ____________: - Brain - Spinal cord

Two main Divisions of the Nervous stystem ____________: - Cranial nereves - Spinal nerves

- Protected by the bony structure of the vertebral column - Protected and nourished by the meninges - Relay station for sending and receiving electrical signals between the brain and body - Role in certain reflexes

What are the four major structures of the brain? (all are correct)

- Largest organ of the nervous system - Located in the cranium - Integration of almost every physical and mental activity of the body - Covered and nourished by the meninges

Three layers of protective membrane covering the brain and spinal cord

Outermost/superficial layer of meniges

middle layer of meniges

innermost/deepest layer of meniges

- 12 pairs that emerge from the brainstem - Named according to location or function

- 31 pairs that emerge from the spinal cord - Named according to the vertebra from which they exit

single cell; primary cell of the system transmits impulses - Interconnecting to form complicated networks called nerves that transmit electrical impulses throughout the body

Impulses travel to the CNS (afferent)

Impulses travel away from the CNS (efferent)

_____ _____:(Contains multiple neurons) have both sensory and motor neurons running through them.

Afferent

Efferent

Regulate involuntary body functions

Autonomic nerves: _______ (fight or flight) increases heart rate, dilates airways, constricts blood vessels, and raises blood pressure to deal with a crisis

Autonomic nerves: ________:(rest and digest) slows heart rate, increases glandular secretions, relaxes sphincters, increases digestion. Lowers blood pressure.

regulates voluntary body functions Example= sending IMPULSES to skeletal muscle

* various types - Support neurons (i.e. – connect to blood supply, myelinate, etc) - Unable to carry nervous impulses

Neuroglia type: ______: (myelinate neurons in PNS)

Neuroglia type: ________: (CNS; phagocytosis (Engulf solid things) of infectious agents)

Neuroglia type: ________: (develops myelin sheath for CNS neurons)

Neuroglia type: _________: (CNS; function in blood brain barrier(BBB); connect neurons to blood supply)

Neuroglia type: _________: of CNS (aid in the creation and circulation of CSF(cerebrospinal fluid) in ventricles of the brain)

CF for Cerebrum

CF for cerebellum

CF for thalamus

CF for spinal cord

Cf for medulla

CF for cranium (skull)

Cf for movement (2)

Cf for brain

CF for galion (knot or knot-like mass; mass of neuron cell bodies in the PNS):

CF for nerve

CF for nerve root (sounds ridiculous)

CF for Sheath (usually referring to meninges):

CF for meninges (2):

Cf for ventricle (of heart or brain):

CF for stupor; numbness; sleep

CF for glue; neuroglial tissue:

herniation or swelling of the meninges:

seizure of stupor, numbness, or sleep

softening of the cranium:

tumor of a ganglion:

without speech

Not eating

Difficulty speaking

study of (muscles and body) movement:

separation; destruction; loosening of a nerve:

pertaining to stupor, numbness, sleep:

paralysis of one-half (of the body):

Congenital deformity of the NEURAL TUBE (embryonic structure that becomes the fetal brain and spinal cord)

Neural tube defect (NTD): - Brain fails to form during fetal development - Baby is usually stillborn or dies shortly after birth

Neural tube defect (NTD): - Abnormal opening in the vertebral column - Commonly located at the base of the spine - Believed to be associated with genetic and environmental factors

Spina bifida type: Spina bifida _______-(mildest)—one or more malformed vertebrae with spinal cord covered by a layer of skin

Spina bifida type: Spina bifida with _________ normal spinal cord development but meninges protruding through the spine

Spina bifida type: Spina bifida with _________(most severe)—spinal cord and meninges protruding through an opening in the spine

lipoprotein covering on axons -> makes impulses travel faster

Any disorder of the cerebral blood vessels that results in an interruption of blood flow to the brain

What is a stroke sometimes called?

Stroke signs and symptoms: partial paralysis or weakness

Stroke signs and symptoms: lack of coordination

Stroke signs and symptoms: without speech

Stroke signs and symptoms: Commonly preceded by a mild stroke ( ______________ ) that resolve within 24 hours)

Diseases and Conditions: _________-sudden, violent contraction of one or multiple voluntary muscles; often seen with seizure disorders (muscle part of the seizure)

Diseases and Conditions: _______________-also called shingles; highly painful vesicles caused by the same Herpes virus that causes chicken pox

Disease and conditions: ___________-broad term used to refer to different cognitive deficits, including memory loss and Alzheimer disease

- Most common form of dementia - Interference with memory, learning, and, eventually, the ability to function - Associated with neuritic “plaques” that form in a small area of the brain and eventually spread.

Seizure disorders: no known cause, chronic, and occur repeatedly

Seizure disorders: begin with a widespread electrical disturbance that involves both sides of the brain

Diseases and Conditions: Loss of consciousness, body stiffening, and tremors; sometimes, loss of bladder control

- the EVENTS which come AFTER the occurrence of a seizure. - include nausea, confusion, weakness, and headache

Sensations experiments before the seizures

Lack of energy; tired, sluggish

Partial paralysis with tremors

Increased sensitivity; tingling; numbness

Fainting

Disease of nerev root

- changes in the brain lead to loss of motor control - Progressive over time (tremors)

-brain swelling and liver damage together

Condition of slow movement

Ultra sound (US) of the brain

CT of the spine and spinal nerve roots uses contrast media

help control muscle

MG

Immune system destroys receptors for neurotransmiters on the skeletal muscle

MS

Immune system destroying myelin

AD

CSF

ICP

ADHD