問題一覧
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Is the pattern of movement or change that begins at concception and continues through the life span. Development includes growth and decline. This meand that development can be positive or negative (Santrock, 2002.)
Human Development
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refers to a growth pattern where development radiates from the center of the body outwards.
Proximodistal Pattern
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muscular control of trunk and arms comes earlier as compared to the hands and fingers
Proximodistal Pattern
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Little or no change in adulthood and decline in late old age, your approach to development is
Traditional
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Adulthood development change takes place as it does during childhood, your approach is termed
Life-span Approach
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It does not end in adulthood. No development stage dominates development.
Lifelong
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Development consists of biological, cognitive, and socio-emotional dimensions.
Multidimensional
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Development possible throughout the life-span.
Plastic
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Individuals are changing beings in a changing world.
Contextual
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It involves tremendous growth- from a single cell to an organism complete with brain and behavioral capabilities.
Prenatal
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A time of extreme dependence on adults. Many psychological activities are just beginning- language, symbolic thought, sensorimotor coordination and social learning.
Infancy
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Preschool years. Young children learn to become more self-sufficient and to care for themselves, develop school readiness skills and spend many hours in play with peers.
Early Childhood
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The fundamental skills of reading, writing and arithmetic are mastered. The child is formally exposed to the larger world and its culture.
Middle and Late Childhood
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Begins with rapid physical changes- dramatic gains in height and weight, changes in body contour, and development of sexual characteristics.
Adolescence
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A time of establishing personal and economic independence, career development, selecting a mate, learning to live with someone in an intimate way, starting a family and rearing child.
Early Adulthood
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A time of expanding personal and social involvement and responsibility; of assisting the next generation in becoming competent and mature individuals; and reaching and maintaining satisfaction in a career.
Middle Adulthood
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A time for adjustment to decreasing strength and health, life review, retirement, and adjustment to new social roles.
Late Adulthood
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from birth to 18-24 months
Infancy
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from conception to birth
Prenatal
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(end of infancy to 5-6 years (Grade 1)
Early Childhood
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6-11 years of age, elementary school years)
Middle and Late Childhood
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(10-12 years of age ending up to 18-22 years of age.)
Adolescence
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from late teens or early 20’s lasting through the 30’s)
Early Adulthood
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(40 to 60 years of age)
Middle Adulthood
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60’s and above
Late Adulthood
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the top – the head- with physical growth in size, weight and future differentiation gradually working its way down from top to bottom
Cephalocaudal