- any act considered as wrong or that violates the standard norms - mala inse (crime in nature)

- there must be an overt bodily movement

- it can be seen or observed

- based on the laws of the land - mala prohibita - an act or omission in violation of the law

- system of rule embodied by different principles that bind the practice concering human conduct

laws are made by those who are in authority as set and provided by the ?

highest and supreme law of the land

two crime thay can be committed through

example of through an act performed by the offender

crime by omission

- crimes that violate the Revised Penal Code (Act 3815)

- acts which where defined as crime as a result of Special law enacted

- these are minor viomations or infraction (not serious injuries or damages)

- those are acts as crime, which by nature are wrong or evil (MALA IN SE)

- those that identify an act as a crime (MALA PROHIBITA) as a result of enactment of the laws

- any person accused or charged of a crime through an act or omission

- systematic examination to crack and solve an allegation

- the contention that someone had committed a crime

- the obligation of a person for the charges as result of his criminal act

- the characteristic of a certain group of people which commonly include their ways of living

as amended cited that "the customs and traditions of indigenous cultural communities shall be applied in settling disputes between members of the cultural communities" (RA 7160).

someone who is not yet in their puberty stage

wherein the child is already capable of reproduction

any person below the age of 18 years

persons under 18 years of age

individuals whose mind are in the state of sickness or ill - who cannot decide on their own snd cannot take good care of themselves

the stage of the individuals whereby parents authority over him ceases

age of emancipation

age of incarceration

child who are ___ and below during the commission of crime shall automatically EXEMPT from criminal responsibility

- who are vested with the power to effect investigation of cases

- is necessary as it is one of the regulatory means of government to control, maintain and ensure of its people within the bounds of the law

- the capacity of the police to initiate investigations of cases

every person are considered innocent unless proven to be guilty

- states that a person is guilty based on moral certainty

- sense that a person is proven guilty based on how the court appreciated the evidence presented during trial

- judgement rendered by the trial court that the accused person is guilty

- the knowledge, nature, implication of the different crimes that investigator shoulf know and possess (talent, skills)

- knowledge regarding the rules on how pieces of physical evidence should be be processed (ways how to investigate)

- any material or substance which is found in the crime scene (has logical connection to ghetto offense charged)

- the are where the crime took place - where all pieces of evidence were gathered and collected

- primary source that will serve as the bases in prosecuting the person who will be held for trial

TWO REQUIREMENT ON HOW EVIDENCE SHOULD BE ADMITTED:

it has a logical connection to the fact in issue brought before the court

it does not violate any procedural requirements during gathering

CLASSIFICATIONS OF EVIDENCE

these are the actual materials that are recovered from crime scene

form of testimony, eyewitness in the comimidsion of thr crime and who have knowledge regarding its commission (ORAL OR WRITTEN)

these are evidences in document form which includes some electronic evidence, text, chat, mail (printable)

evidence which directly proves the cases under investigation

these are combinations of different events (indirect evidence) (need much deeper investigation)

have a different character from the one previously offered

have a similar nature and character to the one previously offered (strong evidence)

which he clearly manifest that an event or scenario exist or did not exist

which he is not certain as a whether an event or scenario exist or did not exist (have doubt)

which may produce a conviction if to rebuttal evidence can be shown (evidence na hindi mo kayang itanggi or di na kayang ipaglaban)

offered to contradict an evidencepresviously offered (pagtanggi)