is also one of the data structures that represent hierarchical data. is a nonlinear hierarchical data structure that consists of nodes connected by edges.

an entity that contains a key or value and pointers to its child.

The last nodes of each path are called “___________ that do not contain a link/pointer to child nodes.

The node having at least a child node is called an _______.

It is the link between any two nodes.

It is the topmost node of a tree.

the number of edges from the node to the deepest leaf (ie. the longest path from the node to a leaf node).

is the number of edges from the root to the node.

is the height of the root node or the depth of the deepest node.

is the total number of branches of that node.

A collection of disjoint trees is called a forest.

A tree data structure in which each parent node can have at most two children.

Each node of a binary tree consists of three items: data item address of left child address of right child

is a special type of binary tree in which every parent node/internal node has either two or no children

a type of binary tree in which every internal node has exactly two child nodes and all the leaf nodes are at the same level.

is just like a full binary tree, but with two major differences

is the tree having a single child either left or right.

is a pathological/degenerate tree in which the tree is either dominated by the left nodes or the right nodes.

there are two types of skewed binary tree: left-skewed binary tree and right-skewed binary tree.

It is a type of binary tree in which the difference between the height of the left and the right subtree for each node is either 0 or 1.

A data structure that quickly allows us to maintain a sorted list of numbers. It is called a binary tree because each tree node has a maximum of two children.

A self-balancing binary search tree in which each node maintains extra information called a balance factor whose value is either -1, 0 or +1.

AVL tree got its name after its inventor Georgy Adelson-Velsky and Landis.

A special type of self-balancing search tree in which each node can contain more than one key and can have more than two children. It is a generalized form of the binary search tree. It is also known as a height-balanced m-way tree.

that refers to the process of visiting, verifying, and updating each node in a tree data structure just once. The order in which you examine the nodes of the tree is used to classify these traversals. 1. DFS (Depth First Search) 2. BFS (Breadth First Search)

is a method of traversing or searching data structures composed of trees or graphs. Three orders execute tree traversal under this depth-first search algorithm. (a) In-order (Left, Root, Right): 4 2 5 1 3 (b) Pre-order (Root, Left, Right): 1 2 4 5 3 (c) Post-order (Left, Right, Root): 4 5 2 3 1

is a vertex-based method for determining the shortest path in a graph. It employs a queue data structure, where first in, it follows first out. , it visits one vertex and marks it at the time, after which it sees and queues its neighbors.

is a non-linear data structure. It contains a set of points known as nodes (or vertices) and a set of links known as edges (or Arcs).

is a collection of vertices and arcs in which vertices are connected with arcs.

Graph is a collection of nodes and edges in which nodes are connected with edges.

The interconnected objects are represented by points termed as vertices, and the links that connect the vertices are called _____

Two node or vertices are adjacent if they are connected to each other through an edge.

represents a sequence of edges between the two vertices

is represented using a matrix of size total number of vertices by a total number of vertices.

is represented using a matrix of size total number of vertices by a total number of edges.

The graph G=(V, E) is called a _______ if the number of vertices and edges in the graph is interminable.

A graph G= (V, E) it contains only a single vertex and no edges.

If each pair of nodes or vertices in a graph G=(V, E) has only one edge, it is a simple graph. As a result, there is just one edge linking two vertices, depicting one-to-one interactions between two elements.

If there are numerous edges between a pair of vertices in a graph G= (V, E), the graph is referred to as a multigraph. There are no self-loops.

It's a reworked version of a trivial graph. If several vertices but no edges connect them, a graph G= (V, E)

If a graph G= (V, E) is also a simple graph. Using the edges, with n number of vertices must be connected. It's also known as a full graph because each vertex's degree must be n-1.

If a graph G= (V, E) contains a self-loop besides other edges.

Each node of the graph is represented as

represents a path between two vertices or a line between two vertices.

is a bidirectional edge. If there is undirected edge between vertices A and B then edge (A , B) is equal to edge (B , A).

is a unidirectional edge. If there is directed edge between vertices A and B then edge (A , B) is not equal to edge (B , A).

is an edge with value (cost) on it.

Algorithm In-order (tree)

Algorithm Pre-order (tree)

Algorithm Post-order (tree)

Each node of a binary tree consists of three items: data item address of left child address of right child