ITP FINALS REVIEWER
問題一覧
1
A response is emitted in the presence of stimulus that is reinforced and not in the presence of unreinforced stimuli
Discrimination in Operant Conditioning
2
Is a stimulus such as food , water or sex that requires no learning to become pleasurable
Primary Reinforcer
3
Is any stimulus that has required its reinforcing power through, are learned
Secondary Reinforcer
4
Refers to the presentation of stimulus that increases the probability that a behavior will occur again
Positive Reinforcement
5
Is a consequence that occurs after a behavior decreases the chance that behavior will occur again
Punishment
6
Is a mental disorder that involves easting inedible objects that can result poisoning
Pica
7
Is a stimulus that increases the likelihood that a response will occur again
Positive Reinforcer
8
Presenting aversive stimulus after a response that decreases the chances that response will occur.
Positive Punishment
9
Refers to a child refusing to follow directions, obey commands by a parent or caregiver
Noncompliance
10
Removes reinforcing stimuli after an undesirable response. This removal decreases the undesired responses will occur
Timeout
11
Refers to removing a reinforcing stimulus after a response
Negative Punishment
12
Refers to the reduction of response when it is no longer followed by reinforcer
Extinction
13
Refers to a temporary recovery in the rate pf responding
Spontaneous Recovery
14
Means that an animal or person emits the same response to somilar stimuli
Generalization
15
Is the tendency for some stimulus but not others to elicit a conditioned response
Discrimination
16
Emphasized the importance of observation, imitation and self-rewàrd in the development and learning of social skills
Social cognitive Theory
17
Four process of social cognitive theory
attention, memory, imitation, motivation
18
Ability to retain information through three processes:encoding, storing and retrieving
Memory
19
Are not copies but representation of the world that vary in accuracy and are subject to error and bias
Memories
20
Refers to making mental representations of information so that it can be placed into our memories
Encoding
21
The process of placing encoded information into relatively permanent mental storage for later call
Storing
22
The process of getting or recalling information that has been stored for a long period of time
Retrieving
23
involves identifying previously learned information with the help of external cues
Recognition
24
involves retrieving previously learned information with the aid of very few external cues.
Recall
25
Arrangement of nodes in a certain order
Network Hierarchy
26
Are memory files that contain related information organized around a specific topic or recovery
Nodes
27
Says that we restpre related ideas in separate categories or files called nodes
Network Theory
28
Inability to recall, retrieve, or recognized information that was stored in long term memory
Forgetting
29
Is a mental process that gides emotionally threatening or anxiety - produncing information in the unconscious
Repression
30
Refers to better recall at the presented beginning of information
Primacy effect
31
Better recall at the beginning and end of body info.
Serial Position Effect
32
The practice of intentionally repeating or rehearsing information so that can be store in long term memory
Maintenance Rehearsal
33
An active system that allows people to retain information
Memory
34
The process of making mental presentation of information so that it can be placed into our memories
Information - Processing Model
35
Memory that is not unconsciously known
Implicit Memory
36
A type of declarative memory that involves facts, knowledge, concepts and language rules
Semantic Memory
37
Memory that is consciously known
Explicit Memory
38
Transfer information from short term to long term memory without any effort and usually without any awareness
Automatic Encoding
39
Involves the transfer of information from short twrm to long term memory by working hard to repeat the information
Effortful Encoding
40
An encoding technique that creates associations between bunber-word rhymes and items to be memorized
Peg Method
41
Is the person's ability to adopt to the environment and learn from experience
Intelligence
42
a subarea of psychology that concerned with developing psychological tests that assess individual 's abilities, skills, beliefs and personality traits
Psychometrics
43
measures or quantifies cognitive abilities or factors that are thought to be involved in intellectual performance
Psychometric Approach
44
Says that intelligence has a general mental ability factor, g, that represents what different cognitive tasks have in common
Spearman's General Intelligence Theory
45
Founder of General Intelligence Theory
Charles Spearman
46
Theory says that there are at least nine different kinds of intelligence
Gardner's Multiple Intelligence Theory
47
Theory Says yhat intelligence can be divided into three different kinds of reasoning processes: logical thinking, crearive thinking abd ability to learn from experience, practical thinking to adopt the environment
Sternberg's Triarchic Theory
48
Founder of Triarchic Theory
Robert Sternberg
49
Founder of Multiple Intelligence Theory
Howard Gardner
50
Contained items arranged in order of increasing difficulty. These items measured vocabulary, memory, common knowledge and other cognitive abilities
Binet -Simon Intelligence Scale
51
Founder of Binet - Simon Intelligence Scale
Alfred Binet, Theodore Simon
52
A revision of Binet - Simon Intelligence Scale that adds some test items and translation into English
Stanford Binet Intelligence Scale
53
Formula of Calculating IQ score
IQ = MA/CA × 100
54
Two Characteristics of Tests
Validity, Reliability
55
Have utems that are organized into various subtests
Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale (WAIS), Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children ( WISC)
56
Means that the test measures what it supposed to be measured
Validity
57
Refers to consistency
Reliability
58
Is a statistical arrangement of scores that resembles a bell - shaped curve
Normal Distribution
59
Intelligence tests do not measure innate abilities or natural intelligence rather they measure individual's cognitive abilities from heredity and environment
True
60
Means the wording of the questions and experience on which the questions are based are more familiar to members of the social group than to others
Cultural Bias
61
Intelligence Tests by themselves should be used to label people
False
62
Are a fixed set of rules that if followed correctly, will eventually lead to a solution.
Algorithms
63
Involves searching for some rule, plan or stategy that results in reaching a certain goal that is currently out of reach
Problem Solving
64
Are rules of thumb or clever and creative mental shourtcuts acquired through past experience that reduce the no. of operations and allow one to solve problems easily and quickly
Heuristics
65
Various physiological and psychological factors that cause us to act in a specific way at a particular time
Motivation
66
states we aim to fulfill our basic needs which includes to feel autonomous, competent and related to others
Self - Determination Theory
67
The persistent negative emotional state that occurs when there is a disconnect between a person's biological sex and gended identity
Gender Dysphoria
68
which were formerly called sex roles are the traditional or stereotypical attitudes and personality traits that society designates as masculine or femine
Gender roles
69
a set of beluefs, values, and expectations that subtly encourages sexual activity in men but discourages same behavior in women
Double standard for sexual behavior
70
Women are primarily bearers and homemakers while men primarily providers and protectors
Biosicial Theory
71
Refers to the presence of HIV antibodies which is believed to cause AIDS
HIV positive
72
Is persistent delay or absence of orgasm after being aroused and excited
Inhibited Female orgasm
73
A life- threatening condition that is pressent when a person is HIV positive
AIDS
74
Involved cutting away the female's external genetalia
Genital Cutting
75
is a personality test in which participants are ask to look pictures of people in ambiguous situations and to make up stories about what the characters are thinking i'm feeling and what the outcome will be
Thematic Apperception Test (TAT)
76
refers to desire the set challenging goals and to persist pursuing those goals in the face of obstacles and setbacks.
Achievement Need
77
is a serious eating disorder characterized by refusing to eat and not maintaining weight at 85% of what is expected, having an intense fear of being fat, missing at least 3 consecutive menstrual cycles
Anorexia Nervosa
78
is characterized by a minimum of two binge- eating episodes per week for at least three months, fear of overeating; vomiting
Bulimia Nervosa
79
Also called Transexualism which a person desires to be a member of other sex or uncomfortable with the assigned one.
Gender Identity Disorder
80
Play anrole in developing sexual or gender identity role or Sexual orientation
Psychological Sex Factors
81
The actual wording of a sentence as it is spoken
Surface structure
82
says that you form a concept of an object by making a mental list of essential characteristics
Exemplar Model
83
combination of a long lasting distinctive behavior that typify how we react and adopt to ther people and situations
Personality
84
Learning without awareness
Implicit Memory
85
Distinctive pattern of speaking in which a child learns articles prepositions and parts of verbs
Telegraphic Speech
86
Strategy for finding similarity between new situations and old familiar situations
aanalogy
87
Is an organized attempt to describe and explain how personalities develop and why personalities differ
TOP
88
Emphasizes the importance of early childhood experiences, unconscious or repressed thoughts that we cannot voluntary access, and the conflicts of conscious and unconscious forxes influences our thoughts
Psychodynamic Theory of Personality
89
a combination of long lasting distinctive behavior, thought, that typify how we react and adapt to other people and situations
Personality
90
Changes in your personality caused by mental illness
Depression
91
Personality change refers to the different forms of change in various aspect of personality.
Changing Personality
92
is a Freudian in which clients are encouraged to talk about any thoughts or images that enters their head the assumption is that this kind of free flowing uncensored talking
Free Association
93
a Freudian Tchnique analyzing dreams based on the assumption that dreams contain underlying hidden meanings
dream interpretation
94
are mistakes or slips of the tongue that we make in everyday speech
Freudian Slip
95
occurs when a person feels nervous for uneasy about situations
Anxiety
96
alzheimer's disease this creates plaques in the brain that cut off nutrients to brain neurons
Dementia
97
first 18 months, a time when infants pleasure's seeking is centered on the mouth
Oral Stage
98
a time when the infants pressure seeking is centered on the anus and its functions of elimination 18 months to 3 years
Anal Stage
99
a time when the child's pleasure seeking is centered on the genitals. 3-6 years old
Phallic Stage
100
is a process in which a child competes with the parent of the same sex for the affections and pleasures of the parent of the opposite sex
Oedipus Complex
INTRODUCTION TO PSYCHOLOGY
INTRODUCTION TO PSYCHOLOGY
Althea Fiona Amadeo · 100問 · 2年前INTRODUCTION TO PSYCHOLOGY
INTRODUCTION TO PSYCHOLOGY
100問 • 2年前ITP PART 2
ITP PART 2
Althea Fiona Amadeo · 100問 · 2年前ITP PART 2
ITP PART 2
100問 • 2年前UTS
UTS
Althea Fiona Amadeo · 94問 · 2年前UTS
UTS
94問 • 2年前Part III ITP
Part III ITP
Althea Fiona Amadeo · 11問 · 2年前Part III ITP
Part III ITP
11問 • 2年前GEN ZOO LAB
GEN ZOO LAB
Althea Fiona Amadeo · 8問 · 2年前GEN ZOO LAB
GEN ZOO LAB
8問 • 2年前UTS REVIEWER FINALS
UTS REVIEWER FINALS
Althea Fiona Amadeo · 99問 · 2年前UTS REVIEWER FINALS
UTS REVIEWER FINALS
99問 • 2年前LIE
LIE
Althea Fiona Amadeo · 88問 · 2年前LIE
LIE
88問 • 2年前ITP FINALS PART 2
ITP FINALS PART 2
Althea Fiona Amadeo · 100問 · 2年前ITP FINALS PART 2
ITP FINALS PART 2
100問 • 2年前ITP FINALS PART 3
ITP FINALS PART 3
Althea Fiona Amadeo · 17問 · 2年前ITP FINALS PART 3
ITP FINALS PART 3
17問 • 2年前UTS FINALS PART 2
UTS FINALS PART 2
Althea Fiona Amadeo · 62問 · 2年前UTS FINALS PART 2
UTS FINALS PART 2
62問 • 2年前STS REVIEWER FINALS
STS REVIEWER FINALS
Althea Fiona Amadeo · 33問 · 2年前STS REVIEWER FINALS
STS REVIEWER FINALS
33問 • 2年前ZOO LAB FINAL REVIEWER: COCKROACH
ZOO LAB FINAL REVIEWER: COCKROACH
Althea Fiona Amadeo · 15問 · 2年前ZOO LAB FINAL REVIEWER: COCKROACH
ZOO LAB FINAL REVIEWER: COCKROACH
15問 • 2年前BOTANY LEC
BOTANY LEC
Althea Fiona Amadeo · 56問 · 1年前BOTANY LEC
BOTANY LEC
56問 • 1年前THEORIES OF PERSONALITY
THEORIES OF PERSONALITY
Althea Fiona Amadeo · 13問 · 1年前THEORIES OF PERSONALITY
THEORIES OF PERSONALITY
13問 • 1年前問題一覧
1
A response is emitted in the presence of stimulus that is reinforced and not in the presence of unreinforced stimuli
Discrimination in Operant Conditioning
2
Is a stimulus such as food , water or sex that requires no learning to become pleasurable
Primary Reinforcer
3
Is any stimulus that has required its reinforcing power through, are learned
Secondary Reinforcer
4
Refers to the presentation of stimulus that increases the probability that a behavior will occur again
Positive Reinforcement
5
Is a consequence that occurs after a behavior decreases the chance that behavior will occur again
Punishment
6
Is a mental disorder that involves easting inedible objects that can result poisoning
Pica
7
Is a stimulus that increases the likelihood that a response will occur again
Positive Reinforcer
8
Presenting aversive stimulus after a response that decreases the chances that response will occur.
Positive Punishment
9
Refers to a child refusing to follow directions, obey commands by a parent or caregiver
Noncompliance
10
Removes reinforcing stimuli after an undesirable response. This removal decreases the undesired responses will occur
Timeout
11
Refers to removing a reinforcing stimulus after a response
Negative Punishment
12
Refers to the reduction of response when it is no longer followed by reinforcer
Extinction
13
Refers to a temporary recovery in the rate pf responding
Spontaneous Recovery
14
Means that an animal or person emits the same response to somilar stimuli
Generalization
15
Is the tendency for some stimulus but not others to elicit a conditioned response
Discrimination
16
Emphasized the importance of observation, imitation and self-rewàrd in the development and learning of social skills
Social cognitive Theory
17
Four process of social cognitive theory
attention, memory, imitation, motivation
18
Ability to retain information through three processes:encoding, storing and retrieving
Memory
19
Are not copies but representation of the world that vary in accuracy and are subject to error and bias
Memories
20
Refers to making mental representations of information so that it can be placed into our memories
Encoding
21
The process of placing encoded information into relatively permanent mental storage for later call
Storing
22
The process of getting or recalling information that has been stored for a long period of time
Retrieving
23
involves identifying previously learned information with the help of external cues
Recognition
24
involves retrieving previously learned information with the aid of very few external cues.
Recall
25
Arrangement of nodes in a certain order
Network Hierarchy
26
Are memory files that contain related information organized around a specific topic or recovery
Nodes
27
Says that we restpre related ideas in separate categories or files called nodes
Network Theory
28
Inability to recall, retrieve, or recognized information that was stored in long term memory
Forgetting
29
Is a mental process that gides emotionally threatening or anxiety - produncing information in the unconscious
Repression
30
Refers to better recall at the presented beginning of information
Primacy effect
31
Better recall at the beginning and end of body info.
Serial Position Effect
32
The practice of intentionally repeating or rehearsing information so that can be store in long term memory
Maintenance Rehearsal
33
An active system that allows people to retain information
Memory
34
The process of making mental presentation of information so that it can be placed into our memories
Information - Processing Model
35
Memory that is not unconsciously known
Implicit Memory
36
A type of declarative memory that involves facts, knowledge, concepts and language rules
Semantic Memory
37
Memory that is consciously known
Explicit Memory
38
Transfer information from short term to long term memory without any effort and usually without any awareness
Automatic Encoding
39
Involves the transfer of information from short twrm to long term memory by working hard to repeat the information
Effortful Encoding
40
An encoding technique that creates associations between bunber-word rhymes and items to be memorized
Peg Method
41
Is the person's ability to adopt to the environment and learn from experience
Intelligence
42
a subarea of psychology that concerned with developing psychological tests that assess individual 's abilities, skills, beliefs and personality traits
Psychometrics
43
measures or quantifies cognitive abilities or factors that are thought to be involved in intellectual performance
Psychometric Approach
44
Says that intelligence has a general mental ability factor, g, that represents what different cognitive tasks have in common
Spearman's General Intelligence Theory
45
Founder of General Intelligence Theory
Charles Spearman
46
Theory says that there are at least nine different kinds of intelligence
Gardner's Multiple Intelligence Theory
47
Theory Says yhat intelligence can be divided into three different kinds of reasoning processes: logical thinking, crearive thinking abd ability to learn from experience, practical thinking to adopt the environment
Sternberg's Triarchic Theory
48
Founder of Triarchic Theory
Robert Sternberg
49
Founder of Multiple Intelligence Theory
Howard Gardner
50
Contained items arranged in order of increasing difficulty. These items measured vocabulary, memory, common knowledge and other cognitive abilities
Binet -Simon Intelligence Scale
51
Founder of Binet - Simon Intelligence Scale
Alfred Binet, Theodore Simon
52
A revision of Binet - Simon Intelligence Scale that adds some test items and translation into English
Stanford Binet Intelligence Scale
53
Formula of Calculating IQ score
IQ = MA/CA × 100
54
Two Characteristics of Tests
Validity, Reliability
55
Have utems that are organized into various subtests
Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale (WAIS), Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children ( WISC)
56
Means that the test measures what it supposed to be measured
Validity
57
Refers to consistency
Reliability
58
Is a statistical arrangement of scores that resembles a bell - shaped curve
Normal Distribution
59
Intelligence tests do not measure innate abilities or natural intelligence rather they measure individual's cognitive abilities from heredity and environment
True
60
Means the wording of the questions and experience on which the questions are based are more familiar to members of the social group than to others
Cultural Bias
61
Intelligence Tests by themselves should be used to label people
False
62
Are a fixed set of rules that if followed correctly, will eventually lead to a solution.
Algorithms
63
Involves searching for some rule, plan or stategy that results in reaching a certain goal that is currently out of reach
Problem Solving
64
Are rules of thumb or clever and creative mental shourtcuts acquired through past experience that reduce the no. of operations and allow one to solve problems easily and quickly
Heuristics
65
Various physiological and psychological factors that cause us to act in a specific way at a particular time
Motivation
66
states we aim to fulfill our basic needs which includes to feel autonomous, competent and related to others
Self - Determination Theory
67
The persistent negative emotional state that occurs when there is a disconnect between a person's biological sex and gended identity
Gender Dysphoria
68
which were formerly called sex roles are the traditional or stereotypical attitudes and personality traits that society designates as masculine or femine
Gender roles
69
a set of beluefs, values, and expectations that subtly encourages sexual activity in men but discourages same behavior in women
Double standard for sexual behavior
70
Women are primarily bearers and homemakers while men primarily providers and protectors
Biosicial Theory
71
Refers to the presence of HIV antibodies which is believed to cause AIDS
HIV positive
72
Is persistent delay or absence of orgasm after being aroused and excited
Inhibited Female orgasm
73
A life- threatening condition that is pressent when a person is HIV positive
AIDS
74
Involved cutting away the female's external genetalia
Genital Cutting
75
is a personality test in which participants are ask to look pictures of people in ambiguous situations and to make up stories about what the characters are thinking i'm feeling and what the outcome will be
Thematic Apperception Test (TAT)
76
refers to desire the set challenging goals and to persist pursuing those goals in the face of obstacles and setbacks.
Achievement Need
77
is a serious eating disorder characterized by refusing to eat and not maintaining weight at 85% of what is expected, having an intense fear of being fat, missing at least 3 consecutive menstrual cycles
Anorexia Nervosa
78
is characterized by a minimum of two binge- eating episodes per week for at least three months, fear of overeating; vomiting
Bulimia Nervosa
79
Also called Transexualism which a person desires to be a member of other sex or uncomfortable with the assigned one.
Gender Identity Disorder
80
Play anrole in developing sexual or gender identity role or Sexual orientation
Psychological Sex Factors
81
The actual wording of a sentence as it is spoken
Surface structure
82
says that you form a concept of an object by making a mental list of essential characteristics
Exemplar Model
83
combination of a long lasting distinctive behavior that typify how we react and adopt to ther people and situations
Personality
84
Learning without awareness
Implicit Memory
85
Distinctive pattern of speaking in which a child learns articles prepositions and parts of verbs
Telegraphic Speech
86
Strategy for finding similarity between new situations and old familiar situations
aanalogy
87
Is an organized attempt to describe and explain how personalities develop and why personalities differ
TOP
88
Emphasizes the importance of early childhood experiences, unconscious or repressed thoughts that we cannot voluntary access, and the conflicts of conscious and unconscious forxes influences our thoughts
Psychodynamic Theory of Personality
89
a combination of long lasting distinctive behavior, thought, that typify how we react and adapt to other people and situations
Personality
90
Changes in your personality caused by mental illness
Depression
91
Personality change refers to the different forms of change in various aspect of personality.
Changing Personality
92
is a Freudian in which clients are encouraged to talk about any thoughts or images that enters their head the assumption is that this kind of free flowing uncensored talking
Free Association
93
a Freudian Tchnique analyzing dreams based on the assumption that dreams contain underlying hidden meanings
dream interpretation
94
are mistakes or slips of the tongue that we make in everyday speech
Freudian Slip
95
occurs when a person feels nervous for uneasy about situations
Anxiety
96
alzheimer's disease this creates plaques in the brain that cut off nutrients to brain neurons
Dementia
97
first 18 months, a time when infants pleasure's seeking is centered on the mouth
Oral Stage
98
a time when the infants pressure seeking is centered on the anus and its functions of elimination 18 months to 3 years
Anal Stage
99
a time when the child's pleasure seeking is centered on the genitals. 3-6 years old
Phallic Stage
100
is a process in which a child competes with the parent of the same sex for the affections and pleasures of the parent of the opposite sex
Oedipus Complex