generally accepted criteria that serve to differentiate a profession from other occupations or trades

composed of efforts and behaviors that society holds as valuable and worthy

Right to privacy and dignity Right to the truth Justice Beneficence Compassion and caring Honesty and loyalty

deals with the "rightness and wrongness" of an act or behavior as compared with natural reason

defined by laws, rules and regulations, ordinances, and so on

defined by professional Standards of Conduct and Scope of Practice

Society expects professions to self-regulate based upon an ethical

science, culture, religion, experience

governed by laws and morals

can be limiting and are not comprehensive in controlling all possible behaviors

need enforcement and authority to do so

can be politically motivated and applied unequally

generally accepted customs of right living and conduct and an individual's practice in relation to these customs

through its collective members generates its own statement of acceptable and unacceptable behavior

The ARRT's Code of Ethics that deals with behaviors a professional should aspire to achieve

The ARRT's Code of Ethics that deals with mandatory rules of acceptable professional conduct

typically static and slow to change in order to reflect changing societal trends and values

rely heavily on behaviors that reflect professional etiquette and are respectful of human values

can be too narrow and confining in defining acceptable behavior in all situations which can lead to ethical dilemma

occur when the correct choice is not clear and personal values may conflict; require an ethical analysis

-identification of the problem -developing alternative solutions -selecting the best solution -defending the selection

Examination of problem Clarification Determination of alternatives Decision making

Although one's moral values may be considered, it is inappropriate to base ethical decisions__ __ on moral values

Consequentialism Nonconsequentialism Social contracts Rights-based ethics Principle-based ethics Virtue-based ethics

Beneficence Nonmaleficence Autonomy Veracity Fidelity Justice

your aspiration

perform actions that benefit others; decide and act always to benefit the patient

above all do no harm; never perform or allow acts that may harm the patient

perform actions that respect the independence of other persons; the patient must decide what is done to his or her person

being truthful is right to tell the truth is expected

performing acts that observe covenants or promises is right; be faithful

performing acts that ensure the fair distribution of good and harm are right; be fair.

Behavior within medical imaging involves entering into__ __with patients and their families, practitioners, health personnel, and co-workers. It is important to understand the nature of these__ __

person's self-reliance, independence, liberty, rights, pri-vacy, individual choice, freedom of the will, and self-con-tained ability to decide

doing of good; active promotion of goodness, kindness, and charity

care for; an emotional commitment to and a willingness to act on behalf of a person with whom a caring relationship exists

articulated statement of role morality as seen by the members of a profession

Belief that health-related information about individual patients should not be revealed to others; maintenance of privacy

belief that the worth of actions is determined by their ends or consequences; actions are right or wrong according to the balance of their good and bad consequences

obligations placed on individuals, groups, and institutions by reason of the so-called moral bond of our interdependence with others

Situations requiring moral judgment between two or more equally problem-fraught alternatives; two or more competing moral norms are present, creating a challenge about what to do

gross violation of commonly held standards of decency or human rights

bodies of systematically related moral principles used to resolve ethical dilemmas

systemic study of rightness and wrongness of human conduct and character as known by natural reason

ethical reflections that emphasize an intimate personal relationship value system that includes such virtues as sympathy, compassion, fidelity, discernment, and love

strict observance of promises or duties; loyalty and faithfulness to others

equitable, fair, or just conduct in dealing with others

regulations established by government and applicable to people within a certain political subdivision

Rights of individuals or groups that are established and guaranteed by law

basis for rights-based ethical theory; each individual is protected and allowed to pursue personal projects

General, universal guides to action that are derived from so-called basic moral truths that should be respected unless a morally compelling reason exists not to do so; also referred to as ethical principles

rights of individuals or groups that exist separately from governmental or institutional guarantees; usually asserted based on moral principles or rules

statements of right conduct governing individual actions

generally accepted customs, principles, or habits of right living and conduct in a society and the individual's practice in relation to these

belief that actions themselves, rather than consequences, determine the worth of actions; actions are right or wrong according to the morality of the acts themselves

ethical principle that places high value on avoiding harm to others

standards set by individuals or groups of individuals

use of moral principles as a basis for defending a chosen path of action in resolving an ethical dilemma

belief system based on a set of moral principles that are embedded in a common morality

publicly displayed ethical conduct of a profession, usually embedded in a code of ethics; affirms the professional as an independent, autonomous, responsible decision maker

internal controls of a profession based on human values or moral principles

manners and attitudes generally accepted by members of a profession

justified claims that an individual can make on individuals, groups, or society; divided into legal rights and moral rights

belief that individual rights provide the vital protection of life, liberty, expression, and property

ARRT's mandatory standards of minimally acceptable professional conduct. These are enforceable and can result in sanctions should the ARRT determine the certificate holder has violated any of the rules

relationship that exists when two mutually dependent groups in a society recognize certain expectations of each other and conduct their affairs accordingly

practice behaviors that are defined by members of a pro- fession

ideals and customs of a society toward which the members of a group have an affective regard; a value may be a quality desirable as an end in itself

collection or set of values that an individual or group has as each person's personal guide

duty to tell the truth and avoid deception

traits of character that are socially valued, such as courage

ethical theory that emphasizes the agents who perform actions and make choices; character and virtue form the framework of this ethical theory

The ARRT's code of ethics comprising 10 principles, intended to be aspirational

has a 10 point Code of Ethics that is essentially the same as that of the ARRT

Chapter 26

the body of rules, regulations and guide that govern conduct in society to protect health, safety and welfare of its citizens

schloedndorg v society when patient consent was established as a necessity otherwise its an assault

protects individual autonomy protects the patient's status as a human being avoids fraud and duress encourages health care practitioners to consider their decisions carefully fosters rational decision making by the patient involves the public in medicine

constitutional legislative case law contract law

administrative rules regulations ordinances

derived from the common law of England laws determined on a case by case basis (statutory law)

laws must be equal to all without discrimination law is based on what a reasonable and prudent person would do in similar circumstances all individuals have basic rights and responsibilities

the degree of sill, knowledge, and care ordinarily pos- sessed and employed by members in good standing within the medical profession

judged against reasonable and prudent actions under sim- ilar circumstances

a civil lawsuit to remedy a wrongful act

comes from a violation of a duty imposed by general law, a breach of duty must occur to warrant tort action

may arise when a patient believes he or she has been threatened in such a way that reason to fear or to expect immediate bodily harm exists, does not require physical contact, may be only verbal. But if patient perceives possible harm by comments, assault can be present

may occur even if no injury arises from unwarranted patient contact, any unlawful touching may constitute battery if the patient thinks that the technologist has touched him or her in an offensive way

when positioning patients, we touch but it is all

arises with a person is restrained or believes that he or she is being restrained against their will, the individual must be aware of the confinement and have no reasonable means of escape

slander and libel

spoken defamation

written defamation

a willful and intentional misrepresentation of facts that may cause harm to an individual or result in loss of an individual right or property

cases require three sources of proof: an untrue statement the injured party relied on statement damages were incurred as a result

clearly defines that health records are to be held in private and confidential

health records are the property of

failure to use such care as a reasonably prudent person would use under similar circumstances

duty breach causation damage

1) the master speaks for the servant 2) the thing speaks for itself 3) -Right to information and self-determination -Free and informed consent -Free will and accord-intentional participation in treatment -Respect and dignity maintained