The socratic method of eliciting truth by question and answer, especially as used to refute an argument. It is a continuous process of questioning and answering until we arrive at the truth.

came from greek word meaning love

came from greek word meaning wisdom

It uses human reason in the investigation of the ultimate causes, reasons, and principles of all things.

divisions of philosophy:

practical division:

studies the laws of thought. It is the science of correct reasoning.

deals with development of a virtuous and moral character. It is the science of the morality of human acts as ordained to the end. deals with development of a virtuous and moral character. It is the science of the morality of human acts as ordained to the end.

It is the science of value. It is the study of the origin, nature, functions, types, and interrelations of values.

It is the science of beauty and art. It includes the concept of creativity, expression, representation, form, and style.

It is the science of meaning. It studies the natural and artificial language scientifically.

is composed of philosophical fields, which study not only to obtain knowledge and wisdom but also to use that knowledge and wisdom for practical purposes.

speculative division:

why is there a need to philosophize?

is the guiding or doing mind

is the seeing or knowing mind

WHO ARE THE PHILOSOPHERS?

People who engage in philosophy are called ______. Any man capable of reasoning can be a _______.

famous philosophers:

He traced man’s need to philosophize to his SENSE OF WONDER (Curiosity - to ask deep question) This perspective pushes the need of a philosopher to question, examine and learn more.

He is a mathematician and a scientist

He was considered the foremost philosopher of ancient times. He contributed much to the field of ethics.

He attended the Academy and was a prominent student of Plato. He go against the idea of Plato’s theory of forms and took a different stance in interpreting reality. He formulated a normal process of analyzing reasoning – deductive reasoning the process by which specific statements are analyzed to reach a conclusion or generalization.

traced man’s need to doubt. His method of examining is the basis of critical thinking and analysis of the sciences. This method is necessary to determine if these ideas/views are correct and true.

He proposed that everything that exist is based on a higher order which called logos

He primarily remembered today for his formulation of an atomic theory of the universe. He was first to propose that matter is composed of tiny particles called atom.

He was known as the advocate of living a simple and virtuous life. His teachings and views influenced the development of several schools of Philosophy such as Cynicism and Stoicism

He believed that philosophy could enable man to live a life of happiness.

a school of philosophy which believes that wisdom and simple living will result in a life free of fear and pain.

fathers of philosophy:

Refers to the careful examination of life situation. This involves the weighing of alternatives and using specific standards to evaluate one’s action.

It requires a person to be willing to examine one’s thought, feelings and actions and learn more about one’s life and experiences. is vital in ensuring that our actions and decisions are well thought out and are done with due regard for their implications and consequences on others, our surroundings, and ourselves.

focuses on specific aspects of a situation focuses on certain areas or aspects of a problem in order to understand it

refers to a perspective that considers large-scale patterns in systems describes as “looking at the big picture”

pythagoras

socrates

aristotle

heraclitus

democritus

diogenes of sinope

epicurus