TOPIC 6

通報

問題一覧

Defined as the manner in which a person walks

gait

Gait is also known as

ambulation

Types of gait

walking, running, stairs

Refers to an individual’s capacity to move from one place to another

locomotion

Highest functional activity

walking

Purposes of gait

assist understanding gait charac of particular disorder, assist moving diagnosis, inform selection of interventions, evaluate effectiveness of treatment

Fundamental unit of walking

gait cycle

Has both spatial and temporal parameters

gait cycle

In normal walking, gait cycle begins when the ____ of reference extremity contacts the supporting surface and ends when ____ of the same extremity contacts ground again

heel

In some normal gaits, the heel may not be the first part of the foot to contact the ground

false

The gait cycle may be considered to begin when some other portion of the reference limb contacts ground, and ends when the next ipsilateral contact of the same portion of the foot with the ground

true

Constitutes approximately 60% of the gait cycle

stance

CKC

stance

Interval in which the reference foot is in contact with the ground

stance

OKC

swing

Comprises approximately 40% of the gait cycle

swing

Occurs when the reference limb is not in contact with the ground

swing

A double gait cycle includes periods of stance and swing for both the right and left limbs

false

Occurs at the beginning of the gait cycle as weight transfers onto the outstretched reference limb from the trailing limb

initial double limb stance

Both points of the feet are touching the ground

initial double limb stance

Occurs at the end of stance of body weight transfers from the trailing reference limb to the lead limb

terminal double limb stance

Both points are still on the ground

terminal double limb stance

Arising between the two double limb stance periods, this is the portion of the gait cycle where only one limb supports body weight

single limb support

When this occurs, the other leg is in swing

single limb support

Distance of the point of the heel strike of one extremity to the point of heel strike of the opposite extremity

step length

Distance from the point of heel strike of one extremity to the next point of heel strike of the same extremity

stride length

Equivalent to 1 gait cycle

stride length

Number of steps taken per unit of time

cadence

Rate of displacement

speed

Scalar quantity that has magnitude but not direction

speed

Distance covered over time

speed

Pattern

rhythm

Normal speed of gait

3mph

Normal cadence

90-120 steps per min

Increased cadence in females

117

Increased cadence in males

111

Normal step length

28 inches

Normal stride length

56 inches

Old terminology

heel strike, foot flat, midtance, heel off, toe off, acceleration, midswing, deceleration

RLA

initial contact, loading response, midstance, terminal stance, preswing, initial swing, midswing, terminal swing

Beginning of stance when heel or some other portion of foot contacts ground

initial contact

Component of initial double limb stance

initial contact

Body weight rapidly loads onto lead limb from trailing limb

loading response

Hip remains stable, knee flexes to absorb shock and forefoot lowers to ground

loading response

Immediately follows initial contact and is final component of initial double limb stance

loading response

Ends when opposite limb lifts from ground for swing

loading response

Trunk progresses from behind in front of ankle over single stable limb

midstance

First half of single limb support

midstance

Starts when contralateral foot kifts from ground for swing

midstance

Trunk continues forward progression relative to foot

terminal stance

Heel rises from ground and limb achieves trailing limb posture

terminal stance

Second half single limb support

terminal stance

Ends with contralateral initial contact

terminal stance

Body weight rapidly unloads from reference limb anf reference limb prepares for swing during this terminal double limb stance period

preswing

Starts with contralateral initial contact and ends at ipsilateral limb toe off

preswing

Starts when reference foot lifts from ground

initial swing

Hip, knee and ankle rapidly flex for clearance and advancement during this initial 1/3 of swing

initial swing

Thigh continues advancing, knee begins to extend, and ankle achieves neutral posture during this middle 1/3 of swing

midswing

During this final 1/3 of swing, knee achieves maximal extension and ankle remains at neutral in preparation for heel first initial contact

terminal swing

Ends when foot contacts ground

terminal swing

Beginning of stance when heel first contacts ground

heel strike

Immediately follows heel strike when sole of foot contacts floor

foot flat

Point at which body passes directly over reference extremity

midstance

Point following heel off when reference limb’s toe is contacting ground

toe off

Point following midstance when refernce limb’s heel leaves ground

heel off

Beginning portion of swing from reference limb toe off to point when reference limb is directly under the body

acceleration

Portion of swing when reference limb passes directly below body

midswing

Extends from the end of acceleration to beginning of deceleration

midswing

Portion of swing when reference limb is decelerating in preparation for heel strike

deceleration

INITIAL CONTACT

0 df, full extension, 20 flexion

LOADING RESPONSE

5 pf, 20 flexion, 20 flexion

MIDSTANCE

5 pf, full extension, neutral

TERMINAL STANCE

10 df, full extension, 20 hyperextension

PRESWING

15 pf, 40 flexion, 10 hyperextension

INITIAL SWING

5 pf, 60 flexion, 15 flexion

MIDSWING

neutral, 25 flexion, 25 flexion

TERMINAL SWING

neutral, full extension, 20 flexion

Used to describe movement patterns without regard of the forces involved in producing movement

kinematic

Used to determine the forces involved in gait

kinetic

May include gravity, muscles, etc

kinetic

Results are used to identify structural and activity limitations, plan an intervention and assess the outcomes

oga

Most common OGA system used by physical therapists

RLA OGA

Uses a recording comprising 45 descriptors of common gait deviations

RLA OGA

Has the capability of slowing or stopping motion

digital video recording

Spark motions and kinovea are examples

mobile software application

Clinician has the option to overlay prior videos, integrate grids and drawings to assist with visual analysis, and calculate approximate joint angles on the videos/images for subsequent comparison

mobile software application

Common gait deviations: initial contact

toes or forefoot contact, foot flat contact

Common gait deviations: loading response

foot slap

Common gait deviations: midstance or terminal stance

excess pf, excess df

Common gait deviations: midstance

early heel rise

Common gait deviations: terminal stance or preswing

no heel off

Common gait deviations: stance

toe clawing

Common gait deviations: stance or swing

excess inv or eversion

Common gait deviations: swing

drag

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