▪ It comes from the Latin word “Litera” which means “an acquaintance of letters.”

literature appeals to everyone , regardless of culture, race, gender and time.

it has an aesthetic appeal and thus possess a sense of beauty.

literature stimulates critical thinking that enriches mental processes of abstraction and reasoning making man realize the fundamental truths of life and its nature.

literature unravels man and conjures man’s emotional power to define symbolisms, nuances, implied meanings, images and messages, giving and evoking visions above and beyond the plane of ordinary life and experiences.

literature elevates the spirit and the soul and thus has the power to motivate and inspire, drawn from the suggested morals or lessons of the different literary genres.

iterature endures across time and draws out the time factor : timeliness (occurring at a particular time) and timelessness (remaining invariable throughout time)

– literature presents particular way/s on how man sees life as evidence by the formation of his ideas, forms, structures, and expressions which are marked by their memorable

literature is viewed to discuss man and its nature. It presents man as essentially rational being endowed with intellect and free will, or that the piece does not misinterpret the true nature of man. The approach is close to the “morality” of literature, to questions of ethical goodness or badness.

literature is viewed intrinsically, independent of the author, age or any other extrinsic factor. The study of the selection is more or less based on the so called “literary elements”.

literature is seen both as a reflection and product of times and circumstances in which it was written. It operates on the premise that the history of a nation has telling effects on its literature and that the piece can be better understood and appreciated if one knows the times surrounding its creation.

literature is viewed as the expression of man within the given social situation which is reduced to discussions on economic, in which men are somewhat simplistically divided into haves and haves not, thus passing into “proletarian approach” which tends to underscore the conflict between two classes. This stresses on social “relevance”, social “commitment” contemporaneity, and it deems communication with the reader important.

literature is viewed as the expression of “personality,” of “inner drives” or “neurosis”. It includes the psychology of the author, of the characters, and even the psychology of creation. It has resulted in an almost exhausting and exhaustive “psychological analysis” of characters, of symbols and images, of recurrent themes, and others.

literature is seen as one of the manifestations and vehicles of nation’s or race’s culture and tradition. It includes the entire compels of what goes under “culture” – the technological, artistic, sociological, ideological aspects; and considers the literary piece in the total cultural milieu in which it was born. The thrust is to make full use of the reciprocal function between culture and literature. The approach is one of the richest ways to arrive at the culture of people and one of the most pleasurable ways of appreciating the literature of people

literature is viewed to elucidate “reacting response” which is considered as something personal, relative and fruitful. Unconditioned by explanations and often taking the impact of the piece as a whole, it seeks to see how the piece has communicated.

a type of literature, or artistic writing, that attempts to stir a reader's imagination or emotions. It refers to those expressions in verse, with measures, rhymes, lines, stanzas and melodious tone.

defined as a series of imagined facts which illustrate truths about human life. It is not contrary to truth at all. Incidents that may not have happened in real life and characters that may not actually existed could be created by fiction to show what may and can happen.

is a literary genre in which the information given is factual. It is a recount of real-life events. It typically aims to present topics objectively based on historical, scientific, and empirical information.

it comes from the Greek word “dran” which means “to do”. It is the art of imitating human action or a story presented on stage by actors impersonating characters in a given situation. It involves three elements: the theatre, the actors (and directors, and the audience.

It is brief fictional prose narrative that is shorter than a novel and that usually deals with only a few characters.Is usually concerned with a single effect conveyed in only one or a few significant episodes or scenes.

4 Types of Genres

7 Types of Literary/Standard and Qualities

7 Types of Approaches

is poetry written with a precise meter—almost always iambic pentameter—that does not rhyme.

. In contrast to blank verse, rhymed poems rhyme by definition, although their scheme varies.

is poetry that lacks a consistent rhyme scheme, metrical pattern, or musical form. Poems are not devoid of structure, they allow enormous leeway for poets, particularly when compared to more metrically strict forms like blank verse.

is a lengthy, narrative work of poetry. These long poems typically detail extraordinary feats and adventures of characters from a distant past. It usually tells the adventures of a traditional hero and the development of a nation.

It is a form of poetry that tells a story, often using the voices of both a narrator and characters; the entire story is usually written in metered verse

is a three-line poetic form originating in Japan. The first line has five syllables, the second line has seven syllables, and the third line again has five syllables.

is one that concerns the natural world, rural life, and landscapes. These poems have persevered from Ancient Greece (in the poetry of Hesiod) to Ancient Rome (Virgil) to the present day (Gary Snyder).

is a 14 line poem, typically (but not exclusively) concerning the topic of love.

is a poem that reflects upon death or loss. Traditionally, it contains themes of mourning, loss, and reflection. It is solemn and sorrowful, yet it suggest hope, faith to alleviate sorrow. is a poem that reflects upon death or loss. Traditionally, it contains themes of mourning, loss, and reflection. It is solemn and sorrowful, yet it suggest hope, faith to alleviate sorrow.

This is the most splendid type of lyric poetry. It exalted in tone, projects deep feelings and expresses high praise for some persons, objects, events or ideas.

refers to the broad category of poetry that concerns feelings and emotion.

It is a short simple narrative poem composed to be sung, and is orally told from one generation to another.

is a monologue in which a character speaks to him or herself, expressing inner thoughts that an audience might not otherwise know.

13 Types of Poetic Forms

is a piece of long narrative in literary prose. Its length extends to hundreds of pages. It has greater number of characters, complex plot and greater complexity of theme.

2 Types of fiction

It is a prose composition of moderate length, usually expository in nature which aims to explain an idea, a theory, an impression or a point of view

It aims to inform the reader about its subject — providing an explanation for it, be it a historical event, natural phenomenon, fashion trend, or anything else.

. It is when an author uses facts and research to create a story with no “made-up parts.”

4 Types of Drama

is a genre of drama based on human suffering and, mainly, the terrible or sorrowful events that befall a main character.

is a genre of fiction that consists of discourses or works intended to be humorous or amusing by inducing laughter, especially in theatre, film, stand-up comedy, television, radio, books, or any other entertainment medium.

is a comedy that seeks to entertain an audience through situations that are highly exaggerated, extravagant, ridiculous, absurd, and improbable.

are dramas in which the characters sing each line rather than speaking. The entire production is set to a musical score.