Founded by Wilhelm Wundt and Edward Titchener aims to undestand the mibd by analyzing the structures of mind

The utility of the mind by William James

where trained observers would carefully analyze and report their conscious experiences in reaction to stimuli. Limitation is its subjective and can vary greatly between individuals.

It emphasizes the utility and purpose of behavior and thought

Pioneered by John B. Watson, and later advanced by B.F. Skinner, focuses solely on observable behaviors rather than internal mental processes.

Observable actions

Developed by Sigmund Freud, this perspective delves into the unconscious mind and how inner conflicts, many from childhood, influence behavior.

Structures of personality

It emphasizes the role of unconscious drives, desires, and experiences.

Reacting to behaviorism and psychoanalysis, figures like Carl Rogers and Abraham Maslow

Emphasize positive aspects of human nature, free will, eprsonal growth, self actualization

Emerging as a reaction against behaviorism

Perspective concerned with understanding mental processes like memory, thinking, perception and problem solving

Developed by Ulric Neisser and Jean Piaget

Routed by Darwinian rheiry examines behavior and cognitive processes thrpugh the lens of natural selection

Centered on understanding how biological processes underlie behavior and cognition.

This perspective links psychological processes to biological functions, emphasizing the role of the brain, neurotransmitters, and genetic factors in influencing behavior.

Kinds of Learning

This viewpoint emphasizes the impact of social and cultural factors on human behavior and cognition.

where behaviors and attitudes across different cultures are compared.

Founded by Max Wertheimer, Wolfgang Köhler, and Kurt Koffka, looks at the mind and behavior holistically.

The whole is different from the sum of its part

Pioneered by Martin Seligman, this recent perspective emphasizes strengths, virtues, and factors that contribute to a fulfilling life.

Refers to wide range of complex mental processes such as thinking, dreaming

Goals of Psychology

Systematic Scientific study of behaviors and mental processes

examining developmental changes across lifespan

assessment and treatment os psychological problems

Are medical dpctors that prescribed medicines and therapy

Brain is fueled by

2 parts of brain cells

Is the process of developing new neurons

The process of neurons developing new connections

Are believed to only have supported fubctions

parts of human brain where new neurons develop

Is made up lf nerves which are located throughout the body except the brain and spinal cord

development and interpretation psychological tests

is a single threadlike structure that extends from, and carries signals away from, the cell body to neighboring neurons, organs, or muscles.

look like tiny bubbles that are located at the extreme ends of the axon’s branches

Present at birth and cause the brain to increase in size

an infinitely small space (20–30 billionths of a meter) that exists between an end bulb and its adjacent body organ (heart), muscles (head), or cell body

are branchlike extensions that arise from the cell body; they receive signals from other neurons, muscles, or sense organs and pass these signals to the cell body.

Where has two fuctions, transmit and send messages

made up of neurons located in the brain and spinal cord.

disease that attacks the myelin sheaths that wrap around and insulate cells in the central nervous system

means that the axon has a charge or potential, results from axon membrane separating positive ions on the outside and negative ions on the inside.

A PROTEIN BUILDUP IN MULTIPLE SCLEROSIS

has regular breaks where the axon is bare and uninsulated. It is at these bare points that the gates open and action potential takes place.

Neurotransmitter thata fftects our mood

The increase of GABA

An involuntary reaction to stimulus

Are neuropeptides produced by brain and secreted in response to injury and pain

carry information away from the spinal cord to produce reflex responses through muscles and organs in the body.

makes connections between other neurons carrying the messages to the brain.

neurons that carry information in the form of electrical signals towards the spinal cord.

A defect in X chromosome

Results from extra 21st chromosomes

What does an fMRI in the brain?

Area in the brain associated with emotional situations especially involving fer, distress or threat

Curved structure inside the parietal lobe involved in saving many kinds of fleeying memories by putting them into permanent storage

Area in the brain regulates motivational behaviors including eating, drinking anf sexual impulses

Measure radiation absoprtion by neurons

Controls the muscles that can be moved voluntarily

Fiberrs in SNS carry info from sensory receptors to the spinal cord and brain?

Chemicals secred by endocrine system

Involved in coordinating motor movements but not in initiating motor movements

in which aperson cannot speak in fluent but can understand wriiten and spoken words

A person that has difficulty in understanding spoken and written words into meaningful sentences

Maintains balance

Part of the brain involved in processing info. from body parts, touch, pain and temperature

The union of the father's egg awith a mothsr's egg

A sodium electric current when sodium ions rush inside the axon

How does alcohol Affect GAVA beurotransmitters?

Resting state means

Determines the development of vatious body parts including the brain

Three well established function of glial cells

Result from brain damage or spinal cord

Part of ANS that is triggered by threatening or challenging physical stimuli such as snake

Is a process bu which eense organ changes or transform physical energu to electrical signals that become neural impulses sento to the brain for processing

Results when eyeball is too long so that objects are focused at a point

When eyeball is too short

Reason why we see colors

Where transduction occurs (ear)

Right Length for the eye

Transparent, oval structure whose curved surface bends and focuses light waves into an even narrower beam

A surgery to correct nearsighted vision

Is a point where optic nerve exits the eye and where there are no photoreceptors

Refers to the decreasing response of the sense organs, the more they are exposed to a continous level of stimulation

Realtively meaningless bits of info.

Meaningful sensory experiences

Is a round opening at the front of eye that allows light waves to pass into the eye's interior

An inhereted genetic effect found mostly in males, trouble distingusihing from red and green

Total Color blindness

Inability to distinguished two or more colors

A visual senstation that continues after the original stimulus is removed

Says that there are three different kinds of cones in retona called opsins correspond to three primary colors by Thomas Young

says that ganglion cells in retina and thalamus correspond to two pairs of colors

subjective experience pf soubd's intensity

subjective experience of sound being high or low

a nuit to measure loudness