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INTRODUCTION TO PSYCHOLOGY

INTRODUCTION TO PSYCHOLOGY
100問 • 2年前
  • Althea Fiona Amadeo
    • 通報

    問題一覧

  • 1

    Founded by Wilhelm Wundt and Edward Titchener aims to undestand the mibd by analyzing the structures of mind

    Structuralism

  • 2

    The utility of the mind by William James

    Functionalism

  • 3

    where trained observers would carefully analyze and report their conscious experiences in reaction to stimuli. Limitation is its subjective and can vary greatly between individuals.

    Introspection

  • 4

    It emphasizes the utility and purpose of behavior and thought

    Functionalism

  • 5

    Pioneered by John B. Watson, and later advanced by B.F. Skinner, focuses solely on observable behaviors rather than internal mental processes.

    Behaviorism

  • 6

    Observable actions

    Behavior

  • 7

    Developed by Sigmund Freud, this perspective delves into the unconscious mind and how inner conflicts, many from childhood, influence behavior.

    Psychoanalysis

  • 8

    Structures of personality

    Id, Ego, Superego

  • 9

    It emphasizes the role of unconscious drives, desires, and experiences.

    Psychonalysis

  • 10

    Reacting to behaviorism and psychoanalysis, figures like Carl Rogers and Abraham Maslow

    Humanistic Psychology

  • 11

    Emphasize positive aspects of human nature, free will, eprsonal growth, self actualization

    Humanistic Psychology

  • 12

    Emerging as a reaction against behaviorism

    Cognitive Psychology

  • 13

    Perspective concerned with understanding mental processes like memory, thinking, perception and problem solving

    Cognitive Psychology

  • 14

    Developed by Ulric Neisser and Jean Piaget

    Cognitive Psychology

  • 15

    Routed by Darwinian rheiry examines behavior and cognitive processes thrpugh the lens of natural selection

    Evoluyionary Psychology

  • 16

    Centered on understanding how biological processes underlie behavior and cognition.

    Biological Psychology

  • 17

    This perspective links psychological processes to biological functions, emphasizing the role of the brain, neurotransmitters, and genetic factors in influencing behavior.

    Biological Psychology

  • 18

    Kinds of Learning

    Classical Conditioning, Operant Confitioning, Cognitive Learning

  • 19

    This viewpoint emphasizes the impact of social and cultural factors on human behavior and cognition.

    Socio - Cultural Perspective

  • 20

    where behaviors and attitudes across different cultures are compared.

    Socio - Cultural Perspective

  • 21

    Founded by Max Wertheimer, Wolfgang Köhler, and Kurt Koffka, looks at the mind and behavior holistically.

    Gestalt Psychology

  • 22

    The whole is different from the sum of its part

    Gestalt Psychology

  • 23

    Pioneered by Martin Seligman, this recent perspective emphasizes strengths, virtues, and factors that contribute to a fulfilling life.

    Positive Psychology

  • 24

    Refers to wide range of complex mental processes such as thinking, dreaming

    Mental Processes

  • 25

    Goals of Psychology

    Describe, Explain, Predict, Control

  • 26

    Systematic Scientific study of behaviors and mental processes

    Psychology

  • 27

    examining developmental changes across lifespan

    Developmental Psychology

  • 28

    assessment and treatment os psychological problems

    Clinical / Counseling Psychology

  • 29

    Are medical dpctors that prescribed medicines and therapy

    Psychiatrist

  • 30

    Brain is fueled by

    Glucose

  • 31

    2 parts of brain cells

    Neurons, Glial Cells

  • 32

    Is the process of developing new neurons

    Neurogenesis

  • 33

    The process of neurons developing new connections

    Synaptogenesis

  • 34

    Are believed to only have supported fubctions

    Glial Cells

  • 35

    parts of human brain where new neurons develop

    Hippocampus, Olfactory Bulb

  • 36

    Is made up lf nerves which are located throughout the body except the brain and spinal cord

    Peripheral Nervous System

  • 37

    development and interpretation psychological tests

    Psychometrics

  • 38

    is a single threadlike structure that extends from, and carries signals away from, the cell body to neighboring neurons, organs, or muscles.

    Axon

  • 39

    look like tiny bubbles that are located at the extreme ends of the axon’s branches

    End bulbs

  • 40

    Present at birth and cause the brain to increase in size

    Dendrites

  • 41

    an infinitely small space (20–30 billionths of a meter) that exists between an end bulb and its adjacent body organ (heart), muscles (head), or cell body

    Synapse

  • 42

    are branchlike extensions that arise from the cell body; they receive signals from other neurons, muscles, or sense organs and pass these signals to the cell body.

    Dendrites

  • 43

    Where has two fuctions, transmit and send messages

    Neuron

  • 44

    made up of neurons located in the brain and spinal cord.

    Central Nervous System

  • 45

    disease that attacks the myelin sheaths that wrap around and insulate cells in the central nervous system

    Multiple Sclerosis

  • 46

    means that the axon has a charge or potential, results from axon membrane separating positive ions on the outside and negative ions on the inside.

    Resting State

  • 47

    A PROTEIN BUILDUP IN MULTIPLE SCLEROSIS

    Amyloid

  • 48

    has regular breaks where the axon is bare and uninsulated. It is at these bare points that the gates open and action potential takes place.

    Myelin Sheath

  • 49

    Neurotransmitter thata fftects our mood

    Serotonin

  • 50

    The increase of GABA

    True

  • 51

    An involuntary reaction to stimulus

    Reflex

  • 52

    Are neuropeptides produced by brain and secreted in response to injury and pain

    Endorphins

  • 53

    carry information away from the spinal cord to produce reflex responses through muscles and organs in the body.

    Efferent Neurons

  • 54

    makes connections between other neurons carrying the messages to the brain.

    Interneuron

  • 55

    neurons that carry information in the form of electrical signals towards the spinal cord.

    Afferent Neuron

  • 56

    A defect in X chromosome

    Fragile X- Syndrome

  • 57

    Results from extra 21st chromosomes

    Down Syndrome

  • 58

    What does an fMRI in the brain?

    Changes un the activity of genetic neurons during cognitive tasks

  • 59

    Area in the brain associated with emotional situations especially involving fer, distress or threat

    Amygdala

  • 60

    Curved structure inside the parietal lobe involved in saving many kinds of fleeying memories by putting them into permanent storage

    Hippocampus

  • 61

    Area in the brain regulates motivational behaviors including eating, drinking anf sexual impulses

    Hypothalamus

  • 62

    Measure radiation absoprtion by neurons

    Positron Emission Tomography Scan

  • 63

    Controls the muscles that can be moved voluntarily

    Somatic Nervous System

  • 64

    Fiberrs in SNS carry info from sensory receptors to the spinal cord and brain?

    Afferent Fibers

  • 65

    Chemicals secred by endocrine system

    Hormones

  • 66

    Involved in coordinating motor movements but not in initiating motor movements

    Cerebellum

  • 67

    in which aperson cannot speak in fluent but can understand wriiten and spoken words

    Broca's Aphasia

  • 68

    A person that has difficulty in understanding spoken and written words into meaningful sentences

    Wernicke's Aphasia

  • 69

    Maintains balance

    Homeostasis

  • 70

    Part of the brain involved in processing info. from body parts, touch, pain and temperature

    Parietal Lobe

  • 71

    The union of the father's egg awith a mothsr's egg

    Zygote

  • 72

    A sodium electric current when sodium ions rush inside the axon

    Action Potential

  • 73

    How does alcohol Affect GAVA beurotransmitters?

    Increases GABA production

  • 74

    Resting state means

    A positive charge on the outside and negative charge on the inside

  • 75

    Determines the development of vatious body parts including the brain

    Genes

  • 76

    Three well established function of glial cells

    Supporting mature neurons, prevent interference and influencing growth

  • 77

    Result from brain damage or spinal cord

    Loss of Sensation and Motor Movement

  • 78

    Part of ANS that is triggered by threatening or challenging physical stimuli such as snake

    Sympathethic Division

  • 79

    Is a process bu which eense organ changes or transform physical energu to electrical signals that become neural impulses sento to the brain for processing

    Transduction

  • 80

    Results when eyeball is too long so that objects are focused at a point

    Myopia

  • 81

    When eyeball is too short

    Hyperopia

  • 82

    Reason why we see colors

    Cones

  • 83

    Where transduction occurs (ear)

    Inner Ear

  • 84

    Right Length for the eye

    Visible Spectrum

  • 85

    Transparent, oval structure whose curved surface bends and focuses light waves into an even narrower beam

    Lens

  • 86

    A surgery to correct nearsighted vision

    LASIK

  • 87

    Is a point where optic nerve exits the eye and where there are no photoreceptors

    Blind spot

  • 88

    Refers to the decreasing response of the sense organs, the more they are exposed to a continous level of stimulation

    Adaptation

  • 89

    Realtively meaningless bits of info.

    Sensations

  • 90

    Meaningful sensory experiences

    Perceptions

  • 91

    Is a round opening at the front of eye that allows light waves to pass into the eye's interior

    Pupil

  • 92

    An inhereted genetic effect found mostly in males, trouble distingusihing from red and green

    Dichromats

  • 93

    Total Color blindness

    Monochromats

  • 94

    Inability to distinguished two or more colors

    Color Blindness

  • 95

    A visual senstation that continues after the original stimulus is removed

    Afterimage

  • 96

    Says that there are three different kinds of cones in retona called opsins correspond to three primary colors by Thomas Young

    Trichromatic Theory

  • 97

    says that ganglion cells in retina and thalamus correspond to two pairs of colors

    Opponent - Process Theory

  • 98

    subjective experience pf soubd's intensity

    Loudness

  • 99

    subjective experience of sound being high or low

    Pitch

  • 100

    a nuit to measure loudness

    Decibel

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    問題一覧

  • 1

    Founded by Wilhelm Wundt and Edward Titchener aims to undestand the mibd by analyzing the structures of mind

    Structuralism

  • 2

    The utility of the mind by William James

    Functionalism

  • 3

    where trained observers would carefully analyze and report their conscious experiences in reaction to stimuli. Limitation is its subjective and can vary greatly between individuals.

    Introspection

  • 4

    It emphasizes the utility and purpose of behavior and thought

    Functionalism

  • 5

    Pioneered by John B. Watson, and later advanced by B.F. Skinner, focuses solely on observable behaviors rather than internal mental processes.

    Behaviorism

  • 6

    Observable actions

    Behavior

  • 7

    Developed by Sigmund Freud, this perspective delves into the unconscious mind and how inner conflicts, many from childhood, influence behavior.

    Psychoanalysis

  • 8

    Structures of personality

    Id, Ego, Superego

  • 9

    It emphasizes the role of unconscious drives, desires, and experiences.

    Psychonalysis

  • 10

    Reacting to behaviorism and psychoanalysis, figures like Carl Rogers and Abraham Maslow

    Humanistic Psychology

  • 11

    Emphasize positive aspects of human nature, free will, eprsonal growth, self actualization

    Humanistic Psychology

  • 12

    Emerging as a reaction against behaviorism

    Cognitive Psychology

  • 13

    Perspective concerned with understanding mental processes like memory, thinking, perception and problem solving

    Cognitive Psychology

  • 14

    Developed by Ulric Neisser and Jean Piaget

    Cognitive Psychology

  • 15

    Routed by Darwinian rheiry examines behavior and cognitive processes thrpugh the lens of natural selection

    Evoluyionary Psychology

  • 16

    Centered on understanding how biological processes underlie behavior and cognition.

    Biological Psychology

  • 17

    This perspective links psychological processes to biological functions, emphasizing the role of the brain, neurotransmitters, and genetic factors in influencing behavior.

    Biological Psychology

  • 18

    Kinds of Learning

    Classical Conditioning, Operant Confitioning, Cognitive Learning

  • 19

    This viewpoint emphasizes the impact of social and cultural factors on human behavior and cognition.

    Socio - Cultural Perspective

  • 20

    where behaviors and attitudes across different cultures are compared.

    Socio - Cultural Perspective

  • 21

    Founded by Max Wertheimer, Wolfgang Köhler, and Kurt Koffka, looks at the mind and behavior holistically.

    Gestalt Psychology

  • 22

    The whole is different from the sum of its part

    Gestalt Psychology

  • 23

    Pioneered by Martin Seligman, this recent perspective emphasizes strengths, virtues, and factors that contribute to a fulfilling life.

    Positive Psychology

  • 24

    Refers to wide range of complex mental processes such as thinking, dreaming

    Mental Processes

  • 25

    Goals of Psychology

    Describe, Explain, Predict, Control

  • 26

    Systematic Scientific study of behaviors and mental processes

    Psychology

  • 27

    examining developmental changes across lifespan

    Developmental Psychology

  • 28

    assessment and treatment os psychological problems

    Clinical / Counseling Psychology

  • 29

    Are medical dpctors that prescribed medicines and therapy

    Psychiatrist

  • 30

    Brain is fueled by

    Glucose

  • 31

    2 parts of brain cells

    Neurons, Glial Cells

  • 32

    Is the process of developing new neurons

    Neurogenesis

  • 33

    The process of neurons developing new connections

    Synaptogenesis

  • 34

    Are believed to only have supported fubctions

    Glial Cells

  • 35

    parts of human brain where new neurons develop

    Hippocampus, Olfactory Bulb

  • 36

    Is made up lf nerves which are located throughout the body except the brain and spinal cord

    Peripheral Nervous System

  • 37

    development and interpretation psychological tests

    Psychometrics

  • 38

    is a single threadlike structure that extends from, and carries signals away from, the cell body to neighboring neurons, organs, or muscles.

    Axon

  • 39

    look like tiny bubbles that are located at the extreme ends of the axon’s branches

    End bulbs

  • 40

    Present at birth and cause the brain to increase in size

    Dendrites

  • 41

    an infinitely small space (20–30 billionths of a meter) that exists between an end bulb and its adjacent body organ (heart), muscles (head), or cell body

    Synapse

  • 42

    are branchlike extensions that arise from the cell body; they receive signals from other neurons, muscles, or sense organs and pass these signals to the cell body.

    Dendrites

  • 43

    Where has two fuctions, transmit and send messages

    Neuron

  • 44

    made up of neurons located in the brain and spinal cord.

    Central Nervous System

  • 45

    disease that attacks the myelin sheaths that wrap around and insulate cells in the central nervous system

    Multiple Sclerosis

  • 46

    means that the axon has a charge or potential, results from axon membrane separating positive ions on the outside and negative ions on the inside.

    Resting State

  • 47

    A PROTEIN BUILDUP IN MULTIPLE SCLEROSIS

    Amyloid

  • 48

    has regular breaks where the axon is bare and uninsulated. It is at these bare points that the gates open and action potential takes place.

    Myelin Sheath

  • 49

    Neurotransmitter thata fftects our mood

    Serotonin

  • 50

    The increase of GABA

    True

  • 51

    An involuntary reaction to stimulus

    Reflex

  • 52

    Are neuropeptides produced by brain and secreted in response to injury and pain

    Endorphins

  • 53

    carry information away from the spinal cord to produce reflex responses through muscles and organs in the body.

    Efferent Neurons

  • 54

    makes connections between other neurons carrying the messages to the brain.

    Interneuron

  • 55

    neurons that carry information in the form of electrical signals towards the spinal cord.

    Afferent Neuron

  • 56

    A defect in X chromosome

    Fragile X- Syndrome

  • 57

    Results from extra 21st chromosomes

    Down Syndrome

  • 58

    What does an fMRI in the brain?

    Changes un the activity of genetic neurons during cognitive tasks

  • 59

    Area in the brain associated with emotional situations especially involving fer, distress or threat

    Amygdala

  • 60

    Curved structure inside the parietal lobe involved in saving many kinds of fleeying memories by putting them into permanent storage

    Hippocampus

  • 61

    Area in the brain regulates motivational behaviors including eating, drinking anf sexual impulses

    Hypothalamus

  • 62

    Measure radiation absoprtion by neurons

    Positron Emission Tomography Scan

  • 63

    Controls the muscles that can be moved voluntarily

    Somatic Nervous System

  • 64

    Fiberrs in SNS carry info from sensory receptors to the spinal cord and brain?

    Afferent Fibers

  • 65

    Chemicals secred by endocrine system

    Hormones

  • 66

    Involved in coordinating motor movements but not in initiating motor movements

    Cerebellum

  • 67

    in which aperson cannot speak in fluent but can understand wriiten and spoken words

    Broca's Aphasia

  • 68

    A person that has difficulty in understanding spoken and written words into meaningful sentences

    Wernicke's Aphasia

  • 69

    Maintains balance

    Homeostasis

  • 70

    Part of the brain involved in processing info. from body parts, touch, pain and temperature

    Parietal Lobe

  • 71

    The union of the father's egg awith a mothsr's egg

    Zygote

  • 72

    A sodium electric current when sodium ions rush inside the axon

    Action Potential

  • 73

    How does alcohol Affect GAVA beurotransmitters?

    Increases GABA production

  • 74

    Resting state means

    A positive charge on the outside and negative charge on the inside

  • 75

    Determines the development of vatious body parts including the brain

    Genes

  • 76

    Three well established function of glial cells

    Supporting mature neurons, prevent interference and influencing growth

  • 77

    Result from brain damage or spinal cord

    Loss of Sensation and Motor Movement

  • 78

    Part of ANS that is triggered by threatening or challenging physical stimuli such as snake

    Sympathethic Division

  • 79

    Is a process bu which eense organ changes or transform physical energu to electrical signals that become neural impulses sento to the brain for processing

    Transduction

  • 80

    Results when eyeball is too long so that objects are focused at a point

    Myopia

  • 81

    When eyeball is too short

    Hyperopia

  • 82

    Reason why we see colors

    Cones

  • 83

    Where transduction occurs (ear)

    Inner Ear

  • 84

    Right Length for the eye

    Visible Spectrum

  • 85

    Transparent, oval structure whose curved surface bends and focuses light waves into an even narrower beam

    Lens

  • 86

    A surgery to correct nearsighted vision

    LASIK

  • 87

    Is a point where optic nerve exits the eye and where there are no photoreceptors

    Blind spot

  • 88

    Refers to the decreasing response of the sense organs, the more they are exposed to a continous level of stimulation

    Adaptation

  • 89

    Realtively meaningless bits of info.

    Sensations

  • 90

    Meaningful sensory experiences

    Perceptions

  • 91

    Is a round opening at the front of eye that allows light waves to pass into the eye's interior

    Pupil

  • 92

    An inhereted genetic effect found mostly in males, trouble distingusihing from red and green

    Dichromats

  • 93

    Total Color blindness

    Monochromats

  • 94

    Inability to distinguished two or more colors

    Color Blindness

  • 95

    A visual senstation that continues after the original stimulus is removed

    Afterimage

  • 96

    Says that there are three different kinds of cones in retona called opsins correspond to three primary colors by Thomas Young

    Trichromatic Theory

  • 97

    says that ganglion cells in retina and thalamus correspond to two pairs of colors

    Opponent - Process Theory

  • 98

    subjective experience pf soubd's intensity

    Loudness

  • 99

    subjective experience of sound being high or low

    Pitch

  • 100

    a nuit to measure loudness

    Decibel