FATHER OF DIAGNOSTIC RADIOGRAPHY

INVENTED SIR WILLIAM CROOKES

Many university physics laboratories were investigating about the conduction of cathode rays or electron beams (e-beam)

are streams of electrons observed in discharge tubes.

1. He had darkened his laboratory 2. Completely closed the Crooke’s tube with black photographic paper (so he could better visualize the effects of the cathode rays in the tube. 3. Then a plate coated with barium platinocyanide, a fluorescent material, happened to be lying on a bench top several meters from the Crooke’s tube glows. 4. The intensity of the glow increased as the plate was brought closer to the tube

was the first term used to describe this glow

Roentgen’s term during the investigation.

FIRST MEDICAL X- RAY IMAGE

The AMERICAN ROENTGEN SOCIETY, the first American Radiology organization is founded.

Roentgen receives the first Nobel prize in physics.

Anything that occupies space and has mass.

All matter is composed of fundamental building blocks called

the quantity of matter contained in any physical object.

the force exerted on a body under the influence of gravity

RADIOLOGY

RADIATION

Ability to do work

PARTS OF ENERGY

Stored energy ; The ability to do work by virtue of position; Energy at rest. PE = mgh

Energy in motion. KE = FRICTION “in every motion there is HEAT PRODUCTION”

It is released by a chemical energy.

- It happens when an electron moves through an electric potential difference (voltage)

energy of motion at molecular motion; kinetic energy of molecules and is closely related to temperature; excitation/vibration = heat

energy that is contained within the nucleus of an atom

MOST IMPORTANT FOR RT; usually referred to us as Electromagnetic Radiation; Used in x-ray imaging.

HE SAID The strangest property associated with matter and energy is that they are INTERCHANGEABLE,

Radiation more than the speed of light

E = mc2 MASS ENERGY EQUIVALENT

E = mc2 MASS ENERGY EQUIVALENCE

Energy emitted and transferred through space • Transfer of energy

UNITS OF RADIATION

A special type of radiation that includes x-rays. ANY TYPE OF RADIATION THAT IS CAPABLE OF REMOVING AN ORBITAL ELECTRON FROM THE ATOM WITH WHICH IT INTERACTS.

The interaction between matter and radiation. IT OCCURS WHEN AN X-RAY PASSESS CLOSE TO AN ORBITAL ELECTRON OF AN ATOM AND TRANSFERS SUFFICIENT ENERGY TO THE ELECTRON TO REMOVE IT FROM THE ATOM.

consists of the orbital electron and the atom from which it was separated

1. the newly freed electron 2.the rest of the atom

ELECTROMAGNETIC RADIATION

SOURCES OF IONIZING RADIATION

NATURAL ENVIRONMENTAL RADIATION

MAN-MADE RADIATION

The unit of effective dose. It is used to express radiation exposure of populations and radiation risk in those populations.

4 COMPONENTS OF NATURAL ENVIRONMENTAL RADIATION

Particulate and electromagnetic radiation emitted by the stars and sun.

Results from deposits of uranium, thorium, and other radionuclides in the Earth

mainly potassium-40 which is a natural metabolites.

Largest source of natural environmental radiation. An active gas that is produced by the natural decay of uranium. It emits alpha particle which are not penetrating, and therefore contributes a radiation dose only to the LUNG.

3 COMPONENTS OF RADON

Contributes the largest ma- made source of ionizing radiation (3.2 mSv/yr)

OTHER MAN-MADE RADIATION SOURCES

HE IS AMERICAN PHYSIAN AND X-RAY PIONEER HE INTRODUCED DOUBLE EMULSION IMAGING

HE IS SERBIAN AMERICAN PHYSICIST. HE IMPROVED FLOUROSCOPE

PROTECTOR/HOLDER USED IN X-RAY IMAGING

A THIN FLAT LAYERS OF MATERIAL THAT ARE PLACED ON EITHER SIDE OF X-RAY FILM IN A CASSETTE DEVELOPED BY MICHAEL PUPIN

Crucial components in radiography that enhance image quality and reduce patient radiation exposure

PARTS OF INTENSIFYING SCREEN

a device that reduces the amount of scattered radiation reaching the image receptor

WHO INVENTED BUCKY DIAPHRAM OR THE X-ray GRID?

Also known as moving grid •It absobrs scattered radiation while allowing useful radiation to reach the image receptor.

- is a medical procedure that uses X-rays to produce real-time, moving images of the body's interior.

is commonly known as an Image Intensifier Tube or II Tube

TYPES OF OLD LIGHT AMPLIFIER TUBE

MODERN LIGHT AMPLIFIER TUBE

is a passive electrical device used to transfer electrical energy from one circuit to another, via the phenomenon of electromagnetic induction

COMPONENTS OF TRANSFORMER

a set of insulated wires attached to the input current

a medical imaging device that uses X-rays to create real-time moving images of the interior of the body.

WHO INVENTED FLOUROSCOPE?

is the process of making light rays parallel

is a crucial process in radiography that involves removing low-energy X-ray photons from the beam spectrum.

Experiments with Crookes tubes contributed to the development of early atomic models, including J.J. Thomson's discovery of the electron and his plum pudding model of the atom.

Placing objects in the path of the cathode rays within the tube produces shadows on the opposite side, demonstrating the travel of particles in straight lines.

It contains two main electrodes: a cathode (negative electrode) and an anode (positive electrode). When a high voltage is applied across these electrodes, electrons are emitted from the cathode and accelerate towards the anode.

The Crookes tube consists of a glass envelope from which most of the air has been evacuated, creating a partial vacuum. This allows electrons (cathode rays) to travel more freely through the tube.

He was an American electrical engineer and inventor. He developed the Snook apparatus, the first interrupterless device produced for X-ray work. The “Snook” X-ray tube is a diagnostic x-ray tube that had a unique approach to raising and lowering the internal gas pressure.

The Coolidge tube operates in a high vacuum environment, which allows for better control over the electron flow and reduces the risk of tube failure due to gas ionization. This increased the efficiency and reliability of the X-ray production process.

The Crookes tube consists of a glass envelope from which most of the air has been evacuated, creating a partial vacuum. This allows electrons (cathode rays) to travel more freely through the tube.

2 main electrodes