Biotech immune tech

72問 • 2年前

問題一覧

is a key player of the adaptive immune response that is responsible for humoral immunity in mammals.

b cells

The surfaces of bacteria and viruses are coated with _________ and _________ that are recognized by antibodies in the host organism.

glycoprotein, lipoprotein

The surfaces of bacteria and viruses are coated with glycoprotein and lipoproteins that are recognized by _______ in the host organism.

antibodies

It is a toxin or other foreign substance which induces an immune response in the body

antigen

It is a protein produced by the body's immune system when it detects harmful substances, called antigens.

antibodies

The immune system mediates immunity to various infectious agents through specific immunity or _________ immunity •

acquired

Antibodies only recognize a small _______ or dimple on the surface of a protein.

ridge

The region of the antigen that binds to the antibody is called an

epitope

are encoded by a family of genes that are different for every person.

mhc receptors

b cells originate in the

bone marrow

The “B” in B-cells came from the word _____

bursa

responsible for producing antibodies

b cells

Coats bacteria and causes them to be unaffected by antibiotics

biofilm

other term for antibody

immunoglobulin

It is a glycoprotein that is made in response to antigen

immunoglobulin

binding site of the antigen and can be altered depending on the type of antigen

variable region

A region in antibody where it doesn’t undergo any changes

constant region

2 types of specific or acquired immunity

humoral response, cellular response

It is a response whose responsible are the b cells. Antibodies produced by the b cells do not kill the cell, but only bind or attack the invaders outside the cell.

humoral response

It is a response whose responsible are the T cells.

cellular response

aka the killer cells. They kill the infected cells which lead to cell death

cytotoxic t cells

Stimulate B-cell to produce more antbodies. Help develop the cytotoxio cell.

helper t cells

It is a cell whose function is to engulf foreign substances

macrophage

Responsible for activating helper t cells

mhc class 1

mhc stands for

major histocompatibility complex

Responsible for activating cytotoxic t cells

mhc class 2

3 segments in human

variable, diversity, joining

Attachment process of antibody to the antigen

preparation, recognition, response, refinement, memory

advantages of surface antigen

recognition, cell evasion, identification, biofilm formation

The great diversity of antibodies - GENE SHUFFLING

gene segments, rearrangement, combinatorial diversity, junctional diversity, somatic hypermutation, selection

consist of two identical heavy chains

heavy chains

It contributes to the antibody structure’s overall stability

heavy chains

2 regions of each heavy chains

constant region (ch), variable region (vh)

have two identical light chains that are smaller that heavy chains

light chains

2 regions of each light chains

constant region (cl), variable region (vl)

The tip of each arm of the Y-shaped antibody molecule contains an _____ aka FAB

antigen-binding site

FAB stands for

fragment antigen binding

It is a antibody structure formed by both light and heavy chains

antigen-binding site

The stem of the Y-shaped antibody molecule contains the __________, known as the Fc region.

constant region

FC in Fc region stands for

fragment crystallizable

It interacts to immune cells, and compliment protein and other cells in immune system

constant region

2nd most common antibody in blood serum

iga

It usually seen and responsible for mucosal secretion

iga

colostrum milk (AAM) fights respiratory and GIT infection (AHEM)

iga

release histamine for allergy causing runny nose or coughing

ige

Least or low in level and its function is still uncertain

igd

It has the largest structure and the 3rd most common antibody

igm

Responsible for the clumping microorganism such as bacteria and virus

igm

most common antibody

igg

type of igA responsible for immune homeostasis

iga1

type of iga responsible for everting inflammation

iga2

type igG that serves as a marker for antigen or pathogens

igg1

type of igG reponsible for bacterial infection, specifically encapsulated bacteria

igg2

a type of IgG responsible for neutralizing virus/toxin

igg3

a type of IgG responsible for allergy

igg4

for diagnostic and a mixture of antibodies that are produced by different B cells in response to a particular antigen or foreign substance.

polyclonal antibody

Laboratory-made proteins which mimic the immune system's ability to fight off harmful pathogens (virus/ Bacteria)

monoclonal antibody

naturally occurring cancers cells derived from B cells and which therefore express immunoglobulin genes.

myelomas

It is a type of monoclonal antibody engineered to reduce immunogenicity and increase their compatibility with the human system.

humanized antibody

is a humanized antibody that targets HER2- positive breast cancer cells.

trastuzumab (herceptin)

Process of cancer therapy

binding to her2 receptors, inhibiting cell signalling, immune system activation, antibody dependent cellular cytotoxicity, antibody dependent cellular phagocytosis, direct inhibition of tumor growth

Aka Healthcare-associated or acquired infection

nosocomial infection

an infection that occurs in a hospital or healthcare setting as a result of medical care or treatment.

nosocomial infection

Infection from healthcare provider

direct

infection from facilities

indirect

prevent the bacteria from binding to the extracellular matrix protein, fibrinogen.

clumping factor a

field of biotechnology that focuses on modifying or designing antibodies to enhance their specificity, affinity, stability, and therapeutic properties.

antibody engineering

are two types of antibody fragments that are smaller components of full antibodies.

fab and fv

are engineered antibody molecules designed to have specific properties and functions, particularly in the context of immunotherapy and targeted cancer treatment

diabodies and bispecific antibody constructs

These are dimeric antibody fragments created by combining two antigen-binding regions of an antibody. They are designed to simultaneously bind to two different antigens or epitopes. They are relatively small, with a molecular weight of approximately 55-60 kDa, making them smaller than ful antibodies.

diabodies

They are engineered molecules that combine the binding specificity of two different monoclonal antibodies within a single molecule. They have the ability to simultaneously bind to two different antigens or cells. This property allows them to bridge immune cells with target cells, enhancing immune responses. They are generally larger than diabodies and smaller than full antibodies.

bispecific antibody constructs

It is widely uaed to detect and estimate the concentration of a protein in a sample

elisa

Anaphysio Q1

Laxamana, Ivan Christopher L. · 92問 · 2年前

Anaphysio Q1