問題一覧
1
Culture as ____ _____ and _____ ____
dominant, emergent, residual (Raymond Williams)
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The three general categories in the definition of culture are
1. ideal 2. documentary 3. social
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in which culture is a state or process of human perfection, in terms of certain absolute or universal values
ideal
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The analysis of culture, if such a definition is accepted, is essentially the discovery and description, in lives and works, of those values which can be seen to compose a timeless order, or to have permanent reference to the universal human condition.
ideal
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in which culture is the body of intellectual and imaginative work, in which, in a detailed way, human thought and experience are variously recorded.
documentary
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in which culture is a description of a particular way of life, which expresses certain meanings and values not only in art and learning but also in institutions and ordinary behaviour.
social
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The analysis of culture, from such a definition, is the activity of criticism, by which the nature of the thought and experience, the details of the language, form and convention in which these are active, are described and valued.
documentary
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Such criticism can range from a process very similar to the ideal‘ analysis, the discovery of ‗the best that has been thought and written in the world‘, through a process which, while interested in tradition, takes as its primary emphasis the particular work being studied (its clarification and valuation being the principal end in view) to a kind of historical criticism which, after analysis of particular works, seeks to relate them to the particular traditions and societies in which they appeared.
documentary
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The analysis of culture, from such a definition, is the clarification of the meanings and values implicit and explicit in a particular way of life, a particular culture
social
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Such analysis will include the historical criticism already referred to, in which intellectual and imaginative works are analysed in relation to particular traditions and societies, but will also include analysis of elements in the way of life that to followers of the other definitions are not ‗culture‘ at all
social
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the organization of production, the structure of the family, the structure of institutions which express or govern social relationships, the characteristic forms through which members of the society communicate.
social
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What are the three cultures that exist in three levels
lived culture period culture culture of the selective tradition
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Experienced by people in their day-to-day life in a specific place and at a particular time / Access through the documentary record of the culture (particular time and place).
lived culture
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It is the recorded culture which includes products and daily facts from a culture.
period culture
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It is the one that connects the previous types of culture. Many factors such as interests and values of the dominant class influenced the selection of the texts chosen for understanding the lived culture.
culture of the selective tradition
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A policy model– bridging politics, social studies, and economics– that seeks to transfer control of economic factors to the private sector from the public sector
neoliberalism
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It tends towards free- market capitalism and away from government spending, regulation, and public ownership.
neoliberalism
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can refer to political, economic, or even religious ideas.
liberalism
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has been a strategy to prevent social conflict.
liberalism
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It is presented to poor and working people as progressive compared to conservative or Rightwing.
liberalism
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means we are talking about a new kind of liberalism.
neo
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The liberal school of economics became famous in ____ when ____, a Scottish economist, published a book in ___ called _____
Europe, adam Smith, 1776, The WEALTH OF THE NATION
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The main points of neo-liberalism
the rule of the market cutting public expenditure for social services deregulation privatization eliminating the concept of the Public Good or Community
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Liberating "free" enterprise or private enterprise from any bonds imposed by the government (the state) no matter how much social damage this causes.
the rule of the market
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Reduce wages by de-unionizing workers and eliminating workers' rights that had been won over many years of struggle.
the rule of the market
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No more price controls.
the rule of the market
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All in all, total freedom of movement for capital, goods and services.
the rule of the market
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like education and health care
cutting public expenditure for social services
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REDUCING THE SAFETY-NET FOR THE POOR, and even maintenance of roads, bridges, water supply again in the name of reducing government's role
cutting ng public expenditure for social services
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Reduce government regulation of everything that could diminish profits, including protecting the environment and safety on the job.
deregulation
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Sell state-owned enterprises, goods and services to private investors.
privatization
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This includes banks, key industries, railroads, toll highways, electricity, schools, hospitals and even fresh water.
privatization
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has mainly had the effect of concentrating wealth even more in a few hands and making the public pay even more for its needs.
privatization
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and replacing it with "individual responsibility."
eliminating the concept of the public good or community
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Pressuring the poorest people in a society to find solutions to their lack of health care, education and social security all by themselves then blaming them, if they fail, as "lazy.
eliminating the concept of the public good or community
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Around the world, neo-liberalism has been imposed by powerful financial institutions like the
International Monetary Fund (IMF), the World Bank and the Inter-American Development Bank.
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What did the scholar said
Neoliberalism means the neo-colonization of Latin America."
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is a broad political philosophy, one that holds liberty to a high standard and defines all social, economic, and political aspects of society, such as the role of government, toleration, and freedom to act.
liberalism
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is seen as more limited and focused, concerned with markets and the policies and measures that help them function fully and efficiently.
neoliberalism
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Roland Barthes begins his essay on myth by arriving at a simple sentence:
myth is a type of speec
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What he means by this is that myth functions like a
part of language
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Myth too will have a
seeable/hearable part