問題一覧
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Tissue definition
Group of similar cells from the same origin that together carry out a specific function
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Types of tissues
Epithelium tissue, Connective tissue, Muscle tissue, Nervous tissue
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Connective tissue:
Connective tissue proper and adipose tissue, Cartilage and bone, Blood
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The origin of tissues
Germ layers → ectoderm, mezoderm, endoderm → the epithelium
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Epithelial tissue components
Epithelium, Glands, Sensory organs
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Types of epithelium
Simple, stratified
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Simple epithelium
Squamos, Cuboidal, Columnar, Pseudostratified
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Stratified epithelium
Keratinising squamos, Squamos, Columnar, Cuboidal, Transitional
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Epithelium consists of
Layer/s, Basement, Membrane
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Basement membrane def.
Noncellular supporting sheet between the epithelium and the connective tissue
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Basement membrane functions
Acts as a selective filter determing which molecules from the capillares enter the epithelium, Acts as a scaffolding along which regenerating epithelial cells can migrate
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Simple squamos
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Simple cuboidal
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Simple columnar
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Pseudostratified
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Stratified squamous
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Stratified columnar
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Stratified transitional
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Types of epithelium depending on the occurrence (1)
Endothelium - blood and lymph vessels, Mesothelium - body cavities, Ependyma - cavities of the central nervous system and spinal cord
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Types of epithelium depending on the occurence
Covering, Glandular, Sensory
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Types of cell junctions
Occluding junctions, Adhering junctions, Communicating junctions
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Occluding junction
Zonula occludens (tight or occluding junction)
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Adhering junction
Zonula adherens, Macula adherens (desmosome), Hemidesmosome
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Communicating junctions
Gap junction, Nexus
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Tight junctions ( zonula occludens )
Close off intercellular space, Found at apical region of most epithelial types, Prevent molecules from passing between cells of epithelial tissues
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Desmosomes
Two disc - like plaques connected across intercellular space
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Gap junctions
Let small molecules move directly between neighbouring cells
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The structures of the apical surface
Cilia, Microvilli
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Cilia
Long, moving structures
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Microvilli
Short, non - moving structures
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Stereocilia
Extremely long microvilli
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Cilia location
Respiratory tract, Female reproductive tract
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Microvilli location
In kidney → brush border, In intestin → striated border
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Special characteristics of epithelia
Cellularity, Specialised contacts, Polarity, Support by connective tissue, Avascular, Innervated, Regeneration
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Main functions of epithelium
Protection, Isolation of different environments, Transcellular transport, Absorption, Secretion, Selective permeability
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Glands
Diffuse glands (single cells), Compound glands (group of cells)
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Compound glands
Exocrine, Endocrine
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Types of glandular products
Serous, Mucus, Mixed (serous and mucus), Hormones
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Merocrine secretion
Secretory vesicles realised via exocytosis (salivary glands)
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Apocrine secretion
Apical portion of the cell is lost (mammary glands)
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Holocrine secretion
Entire cell is destroyed during secretion (sebaceous glands)
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Types of secretion of exocrine glands
Merocrine, Apocrine, Holocrine
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Goblet cells należą do?
Diffuse glands
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Goblet cells
Produce mucin, Protect and lubricate many internal body surfaces
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Exocrine gland → simple tubular gland
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Exocrine gland → simple acinar gland
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Exocrine gland → mixed gland