it is the resistance of fluid to change its volume in a confined space. Usually affects the solution of practical problems in hydraulics only by changing it's unit weight.

is the ratio of the stress(change of pressure ) to the strain (change in volume divided by the original volume)

is the force of molecular attraction per unit length of free surface, it is a function of both the liquid and the surface in contact with the liquid

the rise or fall of a liquid in a small diameter tube inserted in to the liquid.

the curved free surface of a liquid in a capillary tube

the forces between like molecules such as water and water

the forces between unlike molecules such as water and glass

is a measure of the resistance to flow of a fluid or it may be defined as the ratio of the shearing stress or force between adjacent layers of fluid to the rate of change of velocity perpendicular to the direction of motion

defined as the absolute viscosity divided by density , it is the ratio of the dynamic viscosity of fluid to its mass density

the force a flowing fluid exerts on a body in the flow direction, partly because of friction caused by viscosity

Fluids or which the rate of deformation is proportional to the shear stress

conservation of mass expression for steady flow open system. In the flow of mass flow rate and Volume flow rate of the fluid into or from the system

Defined as normal force exerted by a fluid per unit area

Atmospheric Pressure is measured by a device called_________thus the atmospheric pressure is often referred to as the ___________

the algebraic sum of the barometric pressure or atmospheric pressure and the gauge pressure

a pressure measuring instrument , used to measure gauge pressure directly by its dial indicator

most commonly used pressure measuring instrument

is a pressure measuring instrument , used to measure gauge pressure of the system using U-tube wherein water and mercury is the working substance.

a manometer with an atmospheric surface in one leg and capable of measuring gauge pressure

is a manometer without without an atmospheric surface and capable of measuring only the differences of pressure.

is the simplest form of manometer, which is tube tapped into a wall of a container or conduit for a purpose measuring the pressure

used Various techniques to convert the pressure effect to an electrical effect such as change in voltage, resistance or capacitance.

work by having a diaphragm deflect between two Chambers open to the pressure inputs.

also called solid state pressure transducer, work on the principle that an electric potential is generated in a crystalline substance when it is subjected to mechanical pressure

force exerted by a column of fluid per unit area